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Chapter 4.4 - Heat Exchangers

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4. ENERGY PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF HEAT EXCHANGERS 4.1 Introduction Heat exchangers are equipment that transfer heat from one medium to another. The proper design, operation and maintenance of heat exchangers will make the process energy efficient and minimize energy losses. Heat exchanger performance can deteriorate with time, off design operations and other interferences such as fouling, scaling etc. It is necessary to assess periodically the heat exchanger performance in order to maintain them at a high efficiency level. This section comprises certain proven techniques of monitoring the performance of heat exchangers, coolers and condensers from observed operating data of the equipment. 4.2 Purpose of the Performance Test To determine the overall heat transfer coefficient for assessing the performance of the heat exchanger. Any deviation from the design heat transfer coefficient will indicate occurrence of fouling. 4.3 Performance Terms and Definitions Overall heat transfer coefficient, U Heat exchanger performance is normally evaluated by the overall heat transfer coefficient U that is defined by the equation Q=U x A x LMTD Where Q = Heat transferred in kCal/hr A = Heat transfer surface area in m2 LMTD = Log Mean Temperature Difference in 0C U = Overall heat transfer Coefficient kCal/hr/m2/0C When the hot and cold stream flows and inlet temperatures are constant, the heat transfer coefficient may be evaluated using the above formula. It may be observed that the heat pick up by the cold fluid starts reducing with time. Bureau of Energy Efficiency 56

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