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Chapter 3.9 - Diesel Generating System

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Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University (JNTUH), Hyderabad

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9. DG SET SYSTEM Syllabus Diesel Generating system: Factors affecting selection, Energy performance assessment of diesel conservation avenues 9.1 Introduction Diesel engine is the prime mover, which drives an alternator to produce electrical energy. In the diesel engine, air is drawn into the cylinder and is compressed to a high ratio (14:1 to 25:1). During this compression, the air is heated to a temperature of 700 9000C. A metered quantity of diesel fuel is then injected into the cylinder, which ignites spontaneously because of the high temperature. Hence, the diesel engine is also known as compression ignition (CI) engine. DG set can be classified according to cycle type as: two stroke and four stroke. However, the bulk of IC engines use the four stroke cycle. Let us look at the principle of operation of the four-stroke diesel engine. Four Stroke - Diesel Engine The 4 stroke operations in a diesel engine are: induction stroke, compression stroke, ignition and power stroke and exhaust stroke. 1st : Induction stroke - while the inlet valve is open, the descending piston draws in fresh air. 2nd : Compression stroke - while the valves are closed, the air is compressed to a pressure of up to 25 bar. 3rd : Ignition and power stroke - fuel is injected, while the valves are closed (fuel injection actually starts at the end of the previous stroke), the fuel ignites spontaneously and the piston is forced downwards by the combustion gases. 4th : Exhaust stroke - the exhaust valve is open and the rising piston discharges the spent gases from the cylinder. Figure 9.1 Schematic Diagram of Four-Stroke Diesel Engine Bureau of Energy Efficiency 163

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