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Class 10 ISCE Notes 2017 : History and Civics

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Sohan Sonu
Sri Sai Public School, Hyderabad
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1. Revolt of 1857 I. Causes for the revolt. a) Political cause. 1. Doctrine of lapse: It was introduced by Lord Dalhousie. According to the Doctrine, if a king dies without a natural heir to the throne. His property would be annexed by the British after the death of king. The adopted son cannot inherit the kingdom. Following the Doctrine, the british annexed Satara, Jhansi and Udaipur etc,. 2. In 1849, Lord dalhousie announced that the successors of Bahadur Shah zafar could not be allowed to use Red Fort as their palace. 3. In 1856, Lord Canning announced that the successors of Bahadur Shah Zafar would not be allowed to use Imperial titles. 4. In 1856, the British annexed Awadh on the false pretext of mismanagement. As a result the soldiers lost their means of livelihood. 5. Nana Saheb revolted against the British as he was not recognised as the adopted son of Baji Rao II and was refused the pension. b) Socio religious causes. 1. In 1856, Lord Canning passed General Enlistment Act. According to the act, the Indian soldiers would be sent overseas on duty. This was resented by the Indian as it was considered as a taboo to cross the sea. 2. The abolition of Sati and the introduction of widow remarriage act were not welcomed by the masses. 3. The introduction of railways and telegraph lines was misunderstood by the people. They believe that the telegraph lines were erected to hang the people who were against the british relu. The higher and lower classes were made to sit side by side in the railway compartments. Indians believed that it was introduces to defy their religious belief. 4. With the introduction of western education, the Pandits and Maulvis lost their importance and lost their livelihood. 5. The British passed the law of inheritance act. According to this act, a convert from the Hinduism to Christianity only can inherit the property. c) Economic causes. 1. India was made as British colony mainly for raw materials. The Indian farmers were forced to sell the raw materials at a cheap rate to the British. The finished goods were sold in India at a high rate as a result the Indian cottage industries couldn't compete with British goods. 2. The cottage industries were shut down in India due to the inadequate supply of raw material and royal patronage.

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