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ICSE Class X Mid-term 2025 : Geography

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FIRST TERM EXAMINATION 2025 ANSWER KEY CLASS - 10 Question: 3 Choose the correct answer. i) [10] Assertion: The eastern part of Rajasthan experiences rainfall from Bay of Bengal branch of south west monsoon. Reasoning: The Aravalli Range is oriented in a north- east to south- west direction. It extends approximately 800km between Delhi and Palanpur in Gujarat. a) b) c) d) ii) Both A and R are true and R justifies A. Both A and R are true and R does not justify A A is true and R is false. A is false and R is true. The three sources of rainfall in Punjab and Haryana are a) Arabian sea branch + Bay of Bengal branch + North east monsoon b) Bay of Bengal branch + Arabian sea branch + Retreating monsoon c) Western disturbances + Arabian sea branch + Retreating monsoon d) Bay of Bengal branch+ Arabian sea branch + Western disturbances iii) Farmers in Maharashtra needs to prepare their land immediately after first rain. a) b) c) d) iv) Khair: Tropical desert :: Deciduous: ______________ a) b) c) d) v) It facilitates easy ploughing. With delay the work in the field becomes difficult. It helps the soil to absorb more water. Proper mixing of soil is possible. Mahogany Cinchona Keora Semul ____________________ is the first state in India to make rainwater harvesting structures compulsory for all houses across the state. a) b) c) d) Uttar Pradesh Bihar Tamil Nadu West Bengal vi) FIRST TERM EXAMINATION 2025 ANSWER KEY CLASS - 10 Match the Column. i. ii. iii. iv. a) b) c) d) vii) Mines Raniganj Noamundi Kalahandi Khetri i. i. i. i. c , ii. d, d , ii. b c , ii. a, b , ii. c Molasses Bagasse Press mud Khandsari The objectives of Pawan Hans Helicopter limited is/are a) b) c) d) ix) iii. b , iv. a iii. c iv. a iii. d iv. b iii. a iv. d Identify the by-product of sugar industry that can be used to make a) b) c) d) viii) Minerals a) Iron ore b) Copper c) Coal d) Bauxite Operate in the hilly and inaccessible areas Offshore exploration to the oil sector Promote tourism All of the above While travelling by car from Siliguri to Gangtok along National Highway 10, Sahil found several Landslide points that caused massive soil erosion. Identify the agent of soil erosion. a) b) c) d) Wind Deforestation Construction of roads Running water. x) FIRST TERM EXAMINATION 2025 ANSWER KEY CLASS - 10 Rohit saw his friend Rakesh ploughing his land parallel to its slope. Rohit explained him the disadvantage of his method. What would Rohit suggest Soham to for better cultivation? a) b) c) d) Plant trees along the slopes. Practice strip cropping Plough following the contours. Practice Jhoom cultivation. PART II (50Marks) Attempt any five questions from this part. Question: 4 (a) Carefully observe the picture given below and answer the following questions. i. Name two places in India that experiences the weather condition shown above. Nainital/ Almora/ Darjeeling/ Shimla/ Mussorie/leh in ladhak [ ANY TWO] (b) State two possible reasons for the occurrence of such weather condition in the places you have mentioned. [1+1] Ans. a) Western disturbance causes snowfall during winters. b) Due to high altitude temperature decreases at the rate of 1OC for every 166M ascent. (c) State the economic significance of south west monsoon. [2] ANS a) Cropping pattern in India depends on monsoon. Normal monsoon helps in agricultural growth. b) Rain water is stored and used for irrigation that boost agriculture. c) Water collected in dams can be used for generation of electricity that helps industrial growth. d) Give a reason for each of the following. i. [3] By the end of September, South West Monsoon wind starts its withdrawal from India. ANS. Due to southward apparent migration of sun, high pressure replaces low pressure in the northern plains and high pressure in the adjoining sea by low pressure. Wind blows from high pressure to low pressure. Therefore, South West monsoon withdraws from India. ii. iii. FIRST TERM EXAMINATION 2025 ANSWER KEY CLASS - 10 A condition of clear sky, pleasant weather and low humidity prevails over India during Cold dry season. Ans. Monsoon has already withdrawn from India so no cloud cover. During winter season the sun is near tropic of cancer, so there is a condition of low temp and low humidity. Coromandel coast remains dry during June to September. Ans. Coromandel coast lies in the rain shadow region. The Bay of Bengal branch of south west monsoon blows parallel to Coromandel coast without causing much rainfall. e) Study the climate data table given below and answer the following questions. STATION X Temp in 0C Rainfall in Cm Y Temp in 0C Rainfall in Cm i. ii. iii. JAN FEB MAR APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 15 18 24 29 37 41 31 30 29 27 16 18 2.6 1.6 1.3 0.8 1.5 7.6 19.5 18.1 12.0 1.7 0.4 1.1 25 27 29 31 34 33 31 30 30 29 25 25 2.8 0.7 0.7 1.5 4.5 5.1 9.5 11.3 12.4 28.1 34.5 13.6 Calculate the annual range of temperature of Station X. Annual range of temperature= Max temp min temp 41oC 15o C = 26oC Which station experiences continental type of climate? Give reason to support your answer. Ans. Station X experiences continental type of climate. Reason It has high range of temperature. Name the wind that causes rainfall over station Y during the month of October- November. [1+1+1] Ans. Retreating monsoon / North east Monsoon. Question: 5 (a) Name the following. i. ii. iii. iv. [2] This essential soil nutrient forms the O horizon in the soil profile. Humus A type of soil that is preferred for tea plantation. Laterite soil The texture of red soil. Porous and friable A soil that is porous, friable and coarse in texture. Laterite FIRST TERM EXAMINATION 2025 ANSWER KEY CLASS - 10 (b) i. State two properties of black soil that help farmers to grow crops. Ans. i. It has high moisture retaining capacity and releases moisture during dry season. ii. It has self-ploughing and self-aerating property. ii. Suggest two steps to Rahul, a resident of Chambal region can take to resolve the problem of soil erosion in his area. [1+1] Ans. Afforestation/ Plugging of gullies. (c) There are two bags filled with soil and are labelled as A and B. The physical property of two types of soil is printed on the bags shown below. Based on this answer the following questions. i. ii. iii. Identify the type of soil shown above. Ans. Bag A Black soil Bag B- Alluvial State one advantage of soil in bag A over bag B. Ans. High moisture holding capacity of soil in Bag A over bag B Mention their chemical composition. [1+1+1] Ans. Bag A Black soil Rich in Lime, iron oxide, magnesium, calcium carbonate, alumina, potash but deficient in phosphate, nitrogen and humus. Bag B Alluvial soil Rich in Potash, calcium magnesium and humus but deficient in phosphorous and nitrogen (d) i. How are humans responsible for causing soil erosion? Ans. Human carry out different activities for industrial, economic and agricultural prosperity. The human activities responsible for soil erosion are Wrong ploughing, construction of roads and railways, Deforestation, mining, quarrying etc. ii. Why is there a need for conservation of soil in India? Ans. Need for soil conservation: [1+2] i. ii. FIRST TERM EXAMINATION 2025 ANSWER KEY CLASS - 10 To retain the fertility of soil and maintain agricultural productivity. To prevent desertification as soil with poor fertility hinders the growth of plants and trees. Question: 6 (a) i. State the climatic condition that favours the growth of desert and semi- desert type of vegetation in the western parts of Rajasthan. Ans. In the western parts of Rajasthan, the temperature ranges between 25oC to 27oC, while rainfall of less than 25cm that favours the grow of desert and semi -desert type of vegetation. ii. Name any two species of this type of vegetation. Ans. Khair / palm / ber/ cacti [ any two] (b) State the role of forest on the following topics: [1+1] [1+1] i. modifying the temperature of a place. Ans. Trees absorbs the greenhouse gas like co2 and help to reduce greenhouse effect. / Trees releases moisture in atmosphere through transpiration which in turn helps in attracting rain. ii. controlling floods Ans. The root of trees absorbs excess water. It controls soil erosion and prevents siltation of river bed. [ If siltation of river bed is controlled then flood gets controlled] (c) i. Give reason for each of the following. a. The floor of Tropical rain forest remains damp. Ans. Due to dense canopy, the sunlight cannot penetrate into the forest floor. So, they remain damp. b. Acacia has long roots. Ans. Babul grows in areas with scanty rainfall. As there is scarcity of water, they develop long roots to draw water from nearby areas. ii. Why does mangrove forest grow in the Ganga- Brahmaputra delta region? [2+1] Ans. a) The Ganga- Brahmaputra region [ Sundarbans] experiences a temperature ranging between 26oC to 29oC and a rainfall of more than 200 cm. b) This region has creeks, estuaries and marshy ground. They are also prone to tides. (d) i. Mention two steps taken by the government for the conservation of forest in India? FIRST TERM EXAMINATION 2025 ANSWER KEY CLASS - 10 Ans. Vanmahotsava/ Declaration of reserve forest, biosphere reserve, wild life sanctuary/ Social forestry/ Banned shifting cultivation [ any two] ii. What are the conditions that hinders commercial exploitation of tropical evergreen forest? [2+1] Ans. a) They grow in inaccessible areas where transport facilities are available. b) They grow in mixed stand and as they are very dense felling of tree becomes difficult. Question: 7 (a) With reference to the cheapest and simplest method of irrigation, answer the following questions. [1+1] Cheapest and simplest form of irrigation: wells i. ii. Why is this form of irrigation not popular in south India? Ans. Well irrigation requires high ground water table and flat levelled land with soft rock that can facilitates easy digging. In south India, the presence of hard and non-porous rock hinders digging of wells. It has relatively lower ground water table. How does this form of irrigation aid farmers in cultivation? Ans. The water of the well contain some chemicals such as chloride, phosphate and nitrates that aids to the fertility of soil. (b) i. State two disadvantages of using tube wells. Ans. Farmers need to pay regularly for diesel or electricity. / Excessive use of tube wells may lead to depletion of ground water. / It can irrigate only limited area which is less than canal ii. Write two crop-based reasons for the need of irrigation in India. [2] Ans. Through irrigation it makes possible to have year-round cultivation / to supply water to water intensive crops like rice, jute, chillies etc. / Only 30 % of the cultivated land receives sufficient rainfall while rest demands for irrigation (c) Give a reason for each of the following. i. ii. [3] Loss of water due to evaporation is highest in tanks. Ans. Tanks are shallow and directly exposed to sunlight. Modern method of irrigation is gaining popularity. Ans. modern methods of irrigation are Water efficient. They have FIRST TERM EXAMINATION 2025 ANSWER KEY CLASS - 10 higher application efficiency and prevent loss of water either through seepage or evaporation. iii. i. ii. iii. iv. Canal irrigation makes soil infertile. Ans. The over use of canal leads to the problem of water logging and salt effervescence that make the land unsuitable for cultivation. (d) Nature has endowed India with plentiful water resources. Despite this, acute shortage of water is noticed in some states. Mention three reasons for this shortage. [3] Ans. Excessive use of underground water has led to depletion of ground water in states like Punjab and Haryana. Although India experiences good amount of rainfall, Water conservation techniques like rainwater harvesting and recharging of ground water is not commonly practised. Water pollution has been a major problem. Major rivers like Ganga and Yamuna have become toxic. The quality of ground water is decreasing due to land pollution and excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides in the cultivable land. Question: 8 (a) Among the Agro-based industries, Cotton textile industries lead in generating employment. The growth of this industry is mainly confined in the Gujarat- Maharashtra belt. Mr. Adhav, a business tycoon wants to invest his money in this industry. i. What are the favourable conditions he would find while setting up his industry in the above- mentioned region? Ans. a) Raw cotton will be easily available from the black soil region. b) Presence of Sea port like Mumbai and Kandla helps in import of machineries, raw material and export of finished products. c) Easy availability of banking and credit facility. d) Most importantly, the humid climate helps in spinning of Yarn. ii. Name one place where he can set up his unit. [1+1] Ans. Mumbai /Pune/ Kohlapur/ Solapur/ Nagpur/ Aurangabad/ Jalgaon/ Ahmedabad/ Vadodara/ Rajkot/ Porbandar/ Surat/ Morvi/Bhavnagar (b) What are petrochemicals? Why is petrochemical replacing the traditional products? [1+1] Ans. A complex chemical compound/ Substance extracted from petroleum or Natural gas. Petrochemicals are replacing the traditional Products as they are FIRST TERM EXAMINATION 2025 ANSWER KEY CLASS - 10 cheaper/ economically stable/ their raw materials are easily available/ Not dependent on agricultural raw material/with short notice it can be produced in bulk. (c) Carefully observe the picture given below and answer the following questions. i. State the location of the industry shown above. Ans. Jamshedpur formerly known as Sakchi in Jharkhand. ii. From where does it get the supply of coal and water supply? Ans. Coal: Jharia / water supply : River Subarnarekha and storage dam at kharkhai iii. Why is this industry known as basic industry? [1+1+1] Ans. All the other industries such as railways, automobiles, Construction. Heavy machine and tools etc. depend on this industry directly or indirectly either for raw material or finished product. (d) i. What is sericulture? Ans. It is an art of rearing silk worm for extracting silk. ii. State the advantages of Sugar industries in South India over North India. [1+2] Ans. i. Sugar industries of south India are equipped with latest technology [machineries] while most of sugar mills in north India have obsolete machines. ii. Cooperative mills in south India are well managed than in the north. iii. Sugar mills in south India have a longer crushing season than North India. iv. Mills of north India faces the problem of Forst and loo while there is no occurrence of Loo and frost in South India [ Any two points] Question: 9 FIRST TERM EXAMINATION 2025 ANSWER KEY CLASS - 10 (a) i. What are the advantages of using solar energy in place of Conventional source of energy? Ans. i. Solar energy is a cleaner and does not cause pollution. ii. Solar energy is a renewable source of energy. iii. Government provides subsidy in the installation of solar panels. ii. What is Mumbai high? State its location. [1+1] Ans. It is an offshore oil field located in the Arabian sea, north west of Mumbai at a distance of 176 km. (b) Name the following. [2] i. The largest lignite field in India. Neyveli ii. Oldest oil field in India Digboi iii. An offshore oil field in Gulf of Cambay. Aliabet iv. A metal extracted from this mineral is used to make headlight reflectors. Bauxite (c) i. Give reason for each of the following. a. Petroleum is known as liquid gold. Ans. It does not leave a residue in form of ash and it can be used till the last drop. It has a high economic value. b. There is a wide scope of developing solar power plant in India. Ans. India is a tropical country so it receives plenty of sunshine. 300 clear sky days are easily available that facilitates easy harness of solar energy. / Due to rapid growth of industries and urban Centre the demand for power is also increasing. ii. State two advantages of using nuclear power. [2+1] Ans. i. Smaller quantity of raw material can generate huge amount of power. ii. The production of electricity is continuous. iii. Reduces dependence on coal and petroleum and helps to lessen global warming. (d) With reference to Bhakra Nangal dam answer the following questions. i. ii. Name two power houses of this project. Ans. Ganguwal, Kotla, Bhakra, Nangal Discuss the role of this project in the economic development of Punjab, Haryana and Delhi. [1+2] Ans. i. The electricity generated from this project has helped in the flourishment of industries like Cotton textile, Sugar mills, Cement industries etc. in the above-mentioned region. FIRST TERM EXAMINATION 2025 ANSWER KEY CLASS - 10 ii. Water supplied through Bhakra canal system have aided in agricultural production that adds to the economy of India. Question: 10 (a) Discuss the role of roadways in the development of agriculture? [2] Ans. Roadways connect the farmers to the market that make selling agricultural products easy. A good network of road enables timely transport of inputs like seeds and fertilizers. It also increases agricultural profitability by reducing waste. (b) Give reason for each of the following. i. ii. [2] Inland waterway is well developed in North India. Ans. Rivers of north India are snow fed [perennial]. They flow through the northern plains that makes river navigable. Railways are considered more comfortable for children and elderly people. Ans. Trains have enough space to stretch legs and move in the corridors. At night, one can sleep comfortably on the berths provided in the trains. (c) India possesses rich mineral resources, including iron ore, chromite, coal, bauxite and various metallic and non metallic minerals. The Mining industry in India is a significant activity, contributing to GDP and supporting various sectors like steel, aluminum and power. The government has implemented measures to promote mineral exploration. -- Wikipedia i. ii. iii. Name the mode of transport that plays a key role in the transportation of above- mentioned minerals. - Railways Why is this mode of transport preferred by metallurgical industries? Ans. i. It is cheaper for carrying bulky goods like Iron ore, Coal. ii. It has large carrying capacity. State two disadvantages of this mode of transport. [1+1+1] i. It does not provide door to door services. ii. Rail transport lacks flexibility. iii. The trains which run on coal produce lot of air and noise pollution. iv. it becomes difficult and expensive to construct in hilly and mountainous region. [ANY TWO] (d) i. What is AAI? Why is airway gaining popularity? Ans. Airport Authority of India is a government body that is responsible for the management and development of airport in India. Airways is gaining popularity because: FIRST TERM EXAMINATION 2025 ANSWER KEY CLASS - 10 i. It is the fastest mode of transport. ii. Private Airlines provide attractive offers from time to time. iii. It is the only mode of transport that can cross any natural barriers like mountains, oceans, desert etc. ii. Name the following. a) A riverine port. Haldia / kolkata b) The first expressway of India. Ahmedabad Vadodara [2+1]

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