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DIRECTING MEANING Directing is the guidance, the inspiration, the leadership of those men and women that constitute the real core of the responsibilities of management. It is a part of management that ensures members work efficiently and effectively to achieve desired objectives. It is concerned with instructing, guiding, supervising and inspiring employees to achieve the predetermined objectives. It ensures that the employees may perform to the best of their abilities. IMPORTANCE OF DIRECTING Initiates action: The life spark of an enterprise and sets it into motion. It is the directing function which starts actual work to convert plans into results. Ensures coordination: The performance of one individual influences the performance of others. Managers integrate the efforts of subordinates through directing. It helps in creating mutual understanding and teamwork among members. Various techniques such as guidance, counselling and supervision are used. Helps stability and growth: Managers can fully utilise the capabilities of employees through effective leadership, motivation and interpersonal communication. Improves efficiency: Every member of a work group has some potential. Managers utilise this potential through motivation and leadership which are parts of directing. A manager persuades his subordinates to work to the best of their abilities and contribute towards achievement. Facilitates change: An enterprise must adjust itself to the changes in its environment. Employees must be informed about the need and benefits of such changes. A manager can persuade his subordinates to accept and carry out changes from time to time in their own interest. Balance in the organisation: Individuals join organisation to satisfy their personal needs and goals. Managers bring out balance between individual interest of employees and organisational interests through directing function. ELEMENTS OF DIRECTING MEANING OF SUPERVISION The word supervision consists of two parts a. Super b. Vision Super means over and above. Vision means seeing things or looking over people. Thus supervision means overseeing people at work to ensure that they are working in the desired manner. It involves overseeing the performance and giving instructions so that the desired results are achieved. Supervision involves face to face contact between the superior and the subordinate. FUNCTIONS OF SUPERVISOR Scheduling the work Issuing order and instructions Guiding subordinates Motivating workers Maintaining discipline Handling grievances Monitoring performance Ensuring safety Reporting/ feedback Serving as a linking pin MEANING OF MOTIVATION To create the desire among the employees to perform their jobs to the best of their abilities. Motives reflect needs, wants drive and impulses within people. It involves arousing needs and desires in people so as to initiate and direct their behaviour in a purposeful manner. It helps in achieving the desired results. Definition by koontz and O'Donnell. NATURE OF MOTIVATION Psychological: Personal and internal feeling Continuous: Ongoing process. Process continues from birth to death Complex: Different individuals seek different things or work for different reasons. Goal directed: Achievement of desired goals. Integrated: Either fully motivated or not. Managerial function: Responsibility of every manager. Positive or negative: Appreciating a work that is well done. By offering rewards or promotions(Positive). By threatening or punishing them(Negative). Motivation is different from job satisfaction: Motivation occurs before the job is done. Job satisfaction is the contentment after doing the job. Motivation is different from morale: Morale is group phenomenon whereas motivation is individual desire. Motivation is system oriented : Interplay among three groups of factors: Influences operating within an individual Influences operating within the organisation Forces operating in the external environment MASLOW S THEORY OF HIERARCHY MEANING OF LEADERSHIP Leadership is defined as the process of influencing the behaviour and performance of others in group (subordinates) to work and coordinate willingly and enthusiastically for achieving the desired results. A leader has followers and influences them in such a way that they strive towards the accomplishment of common objectives. FEATURES OF LEADERSHIP Interpersonal relations Followers Common goals Personal quality Continuous process Situational Influence process Reciprocal relationship Dynamic process QUALITIES OF A GOOD LEADER Sound physique Intelligence Initiative Integrity Decisiveness Emotional stability Self confidence and will power Communication skills Vision and foresight Sense of responsibility Social skills. MEANING OF COMMUNICATION The term is derived from Latin word communis which means common. Communication may be defined as exchange of facts, ideas, opinions, or emotions between two or more persons to create common ground of understanding. CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMUNICATION Two or more persons: An exchange of information between two or more persons. Continuous process: An ongoing process. Requires regular flow of information and ideas among the members of the group Two way process: communication is not complete until the receiver has understood the message and his reactions or response is known to the sender. Pervasive function: essential in all organisations and at all levels of authority. Multiple channel: Formal or informal, vertical or horizontal. Circular process: the response to message called feedback requires another message to be transmitted by the receiver of the original message. Flows in all directions: multidimensional Influencing human behaviour: Create interpersonal relations. Motivation and loyalty among his subordinates by sharing information, opinion and feelings. Mutual understanding: To obtain desired response from employees. Several media: Oral, written, body language etc. STEPS IN THE PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION OBJECTIVES OF COMMUNICATION To educate and train people To motivate employees To promote managerial efficiency To implement decisions quickly To facilitate leadership To carry out change To create teamwork To secure feedback BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION Physical Barriers Personal or Psychological Barriers Semantic or Language Barriers Status Barriers Organisational Barriers Inattention Premature Evaluation Other Barriers OVERCOMING BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION Well Drafted Message Proper Language Two Way Communication Sound Organisation Structure Consistency Empathetic Listening Motivation Gestures and Tone Grapevine Feedback Open Door Policy Thank you
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