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CBSE Class 12 Pre Board 2020 : Geography - Prelim 1 (Delhi Public School (DPS), Jammu)

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DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, JAMMU Pre-Board-I Assignment (2019-20) CLASS:-XII SUBJECT: GEOGRAPHY 1. Give two reasons for unfavourable sex ratio in the world. 2. What is Digital Divide? 3. What are administrative towns? State one example from India 4. Explain the term market gardening. 5. Explain the term Golden Quadrilateral 6. What is meant by balance of Trade? 7. Mention any two cultural activities that are responsible for water pollution in India. 8. There is a direct dependence of human beings on nature for resources which sustain them . Justify the statement in the light of environmental determinism. 9. Why are sugar mills located within the cane producing regions? Explain any three reasons. 10. Discuss the problems associated with urban settlements in developing countries. 11. Explain the causes of degradation of cultivable land in India. 12. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow Dharavi Asia s Largest Slum . Buses merely skirt the periphery. Autorickshaw s cannot go there; Dharavi is part of central Bombay where three wheelers are banned. Only one main road traverses the slum, the miscalled ninety-foot road , which has been reduced to less than half of that for most of its length. Some of the side alleys and lanes are so narrow that not even a bicycle can pass. The whole neighbourhood consists of temporary buildings, two or three storied high with rusty iron stairways to the upper part, where a single room is rented by a whole family, sometimes accommodating twelve or more people; it is a kind of tropical version of the industrial dwelling of Victorian London s East End. But Dharavi is a keeper of more somber secrets than the revulsion it inspires in the rich; revulsion, moreover, that is, in direct proportion to the role it serves in the creation of the wealth of Bombay. In this place of shadow less, treeless sunlight, uncollected garbage, stagnant pools of foul water, where the only non-human creatures are the shining black crows and long grey rats, some of the most beautiful, valuable and useful articles in India are made. From Dharavi come delicate ceramics and pottery, exquisite embroidery and zari work, sophisticated leather goods, high fashion garments, finely-wrought metalwork, delicate jewelry settings, wood carvings and furniture that would find its way into the richest houses, both in India and abroad Dharavi was an arm of the sea,that was filled by waste, largely produced by the people who have come to live there: Scheduled Castes and poor Muslims. It comprises rambling buildings of corrugated metal, 20 metres high in places, used for the treatment of hides and tanning. There are pleasant parts, but rotting garbage is everywhere a. Justify the statement, slum dwellers need help in making the transition from inhabitants of precarious urban settlements to citizens with full human rights and civic responsibilities. b. Find out the values associated with it. 13. Study the data of Percentage of net irrigated area to total by wells and Tube-wells given below and answer the questions: State Percentage Gujarat 86.6 Rajasthan 77.2 Madhya Pradesh 66.5 Maharashtra 65 Uttar Pradesh 58.21 West Bengal .6 Tamil Nadu 54.7 a) Which state has maximum percentage of net irrigated area to total by wells and Tube wells? b) What are the implications of excessive use of ground water? 14. Define Population density . Explain any four geographical factors that affect the distribution of population in the world. 15. How are ports helpful for trade? Give a classification of ports on the basis of their location. 16. Suggest the measures of promotion of sustainability in Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area. 17. Explain any five bases of international trade. 18. Why is petroleum referred to as liquid gold? State two important uses of petroleum and name two oil fields each in Assam and Gujarat. 19. The conservation and management of water resources is essential for sustainable development in India. Examine the statement. 20. Describe the major challenges of agriculture in present India. 21. What is an inland seaport ? Explain 22. Explain the role of climate and physical features on the distribution of population in India. 22. On the outline political map of India, locate and label the following with appropriate symbols: (i) A dam in Uttarakhand (ii) A state with lowest sex ratio. (iii) A state with highest road density. (iv) A land locked port in eastern coast of India. (v) The oldest copper mine of India ANSWERS 1. The reasons for unfavourable sex ratio are: a. Low socio-economic status of female b. Low literacy c. Female infanticide d. Female foeticides 2. A digital divide is an economic and social inequality according to categories of persons in a given population in their access to, use of, or knowledge of information and communication technologies 3. Towns supporting administrative headquarters of higher order are administrative towns, such as Chandigarh, New Delhi, Bhopal, Shillong, Guwahati, Imphal, Srinagar, Gandhinagar, Jaipur Chennai, etc. 4. Market gardening specializes in the cultivation of high value crops such as vegetables, fruits and flowers, solely for the urban markets. Farms are small and are located where there are good transportation links with the urban centre where high income group of consumers is located. 5. Golden Quadrilateral: It comprises construction of 5,846 km long 4/6 lane, high density traffic corridor, to connect India s four big metro cities of Delhi-Mumbai-Chennai Kolkata. With the construction of Golden Quadrilateral, the time- distance and cost of movement among the mega cities of India will be considerably minimized. 6. The difference between the value of import and value of export is called balance of trade. 7. The cultural activities which are responsible for water pollution are: a. Pilgrimage , religious fair held near the river bank and tourism b. Dispersal of idols ashes dead bodies etc. 8. Direct dependence of human beings on nature for resources: Low level of technology Primitive stage of human social development Fear of nature s fury Nature worship Physical environment became Mother Nature Complete harmony with natural environment 9. Sugarcane is a weight losing crop, its sucrose content begins to dry immediately after it is harvested from the field For better recovery of sugar it should be crushed without delay 10. Poor hygienic conditions of living Lack of basic amenities Development of slums, Unorganized growth of city 11.The main reasons behind degradation of cultivable land in India are:- Faulty strategy of irrigation and agricultural development has led to massive degradation of land resources. Agricultural land has lost its fertility due to alkalisation and salinisation of soils and waterlogging Excessive use of chemicals such as insecticides and pesticides has led to their concentration in toxic amounts in the soil profile. Leguminous crops have been displaced from the cropping pattern in the irrigated areas. This has wiped out the process of natural fertilization such as nitrogen fixation. Soil erosion by water, wind and human activities has caused degradation of land to a great extent. 12. Values hidden: 1. Right to safe and clean environment 2. Respect human and fellow citizens equally 3. Right to equality 13. a)Gujarat. b) The over-use of ground water resources has led to decline in ground water table in these states. In fact, over withdrawals in some states like Rajasthan, and Maharashtra has increased fluoride concentration in groundwater, and this practice has led to increase in concentration of arsenic in parts of West Bengal and Bihar. 14.Density of population= Population/Area Availability of water 1. People live in areas where fresh water is easily available 2. So river valleys are densely populated 3. Ex.-Gangetic plains Landforms 1. People prefer living on flat plains and gentle slopes as it is favourable for agriculture and industrial development 2.Mountainous and hilly areas hinder the development of transport and so are less populated 3. Ex.- Ganga plains are densely populated Himalayas are scarcely populated Climate 1. Extreme climate are uncomfortable of human habitation 2. Areas with comfortable climate attract more people 3. Areas with very heavy rainfall have low population 4. Ex. Mediterranean regions are populated due to pleasant climate Soils 1. Areas with fertile soil are densely populated 2. Ex. Gangetic plains 15. Importance of ports: 1. The chief gateways of the world of international trade are the harbours and ports. 2. Cargoes and travellers pass from one part of the world to another through these ports. 3. The ports provide facilities of docking, loading, unloading and the storage facilities for cargo. Classification of ports on the basis of their location 1. Inland ports 2. Out ports Explain each elaborately 16. 1. Strict implementation of water management policy protective irrigation in stage 1 and extensive irrigation of crops and pastures in stage II 2. The cropping pattern shall not include water intensive crops 3. Reduce conveyance loss of water 4. Reclaim the areas affected by water logging and soil salinity 5. Eco development through afforestation, shelter belt plantation and pasture development 6. Land allottees to be provided adequate financial and institutional support for cultivation of land 7. The agriculture and allied activities have to develop along with other sectors of the economy 17. Difference in national resources National resources are unevenly distributed because of differences in geology, relief, soil and climate Geology determines the mineral resource base and topographical differences diversity of crops and animals raised Climate influences the type of flora and fauna in a given region Population factors Distinctive forms of art and craft develop in certain cultures which are valued world over, Ex. porcelains from china, carpets of Iran Densely populated countries have large volume of internal trade but little external trade Standard of living of the population determines the demand for better quality imported products Stage of economic development Stage of economic development influence the nature of items traded In agriculturally important countries agro products are exchanged for manufactured goods Industrialized nations export machinery and finished products and import food grains and other raw materials Extent of foreign investment It boost trade in developing countries which lack in capital They develop capital intensive industries like mining, oil drilling, plantation agriculture etc. The industrial nations ensure import of food stuffs and minerals and create markets for their finished products Transport Expansion of rail, ocean and air transport, better means of refrigerationand preservation trade has experienced spatial expansion 18. Petroleum is referred to as liquid gold because of its scarcity and diversified uses. It is an essential source of energy for all internal combustion engines in automobiles railways and aircraft. Its numerous by-products are processed in petrochemical industries such as fertilizer, synthetic rubber, synthetic fibre, medicines, Vaseline, lubricants, wax, soap and cosmetics. In Assam, Digboi,Naharkatiya and Moran are important oil producing areas. The major oil fields of Gujarat are Ankaleshwar, Kalol, Mehsana, Nawagam, Kosamba 19. Since there is a reduction in availability of fresh water and rising demand, the need has arisen to conserve and efficiently manage this precious life giving resource for sustainable development. Given that water availability from sea/ocean, due to high cost of desalinization, is considered inconsiderable, India has to take quick steps and make effective policies and laws, and adopt effective measures for its conservation. Besides developing water saving technologies and methods, efforts are also made to prevent the pollution. There is a need to encourage watershed development, rainwater harvesting, water recycling and reuse, and conjunctive use of water for sustaining water supply in long run. 20. The main challenges of Indian Agriculture are as follows: a. Dependence on erratic Monsoon: Irrigation covers only 33 % of the cultivated areas of India. Crop production in rest of the country depends on rainfall. Poor performance of South west Monsoon adversely affects the supply of water for irrigation. On the other hand drought prone areas are meagre and highly unreliable. When some parts of India there is more rain and cause floods in other parts of the country there is drought. b. Low productivity: Another major problem of Indian agriculture is low productivity. Because of high pressure on land the productivity from land is very low. the vast rain fed areas, and the dry land which mainly grow coarse grain , pulses and oilseeds have very low yield. Though high yielding variety seeds have been introduced but only 16% of the area is covered under this. c. Constrain of financial support and indebtedness: The inputs of modern agriculture are very expensive. It has become unmanageable for the small and marginal labourer to arrange the finance and so they avail credit from various institutions and money lenders and fall in the trap of indebtedness. d. Lack of Land reforms another major problem of Indian agriculture was lack of implementation of land reforms and so continuation of iniquitous distribution of cultivable land was detrimental to agricultural development. e. Small farm size: There is large number of marginal and small farmers in the country. More than 60 % of the land holdings are small in size. 21. Transportation of cargo and passengers through rivers, canals, lakes and coastal areas on a boat or a streamer is done via a inland seaport. Very heavy cargo like coal, cement, timber and metallic ores can be transported through inland waterways. 22. The role of climate and terrain largely determines the pattern of the population distribution in India. We observe that the North Indian Plains, deltas and Coastal Plains have higher proportion of population than the interior districts of southern and central Indian States, Himalayas, some of the north eastern and the western states. However, development of irrigation in Rajasthan, availability of mineral and energy resources in Jharkhand and development of transport network in Peninsular States have resulted in moderate to high proportion of population in areas which were previously very thinly populated. 23. On the outline political map of India provided to you, locate and label the following with appropriate symbols: (i) A dam in Uttarakhand- Tehri dam (ii) A state with lowest sex ratioHaryana (iii) A state with highest road density- Kerela (iv) A land locked port in eastern coast of India- Vishakhapattnam (v) The oldest copper mine of India- Khetri ************************************************************************

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