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Chapter 3.10 - Energy Efficient Technologies in Electrical Systems

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10. ENERGY EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES IN ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS Syllabus Energy Efficient Technologies in Electrical Systems: Maximum demand controllers, Automatic power factor controllers, Energy efficient motors, Soft starters with energy saver, Variable speed drives, Energy efficient transformers, Electronic ballast, Occupancy sensors, Energy efficient lighting controls, Energy saving potential of each technology. 10.1. Maximum Demand Controllers High-tension (HT) consumers have to pay a maximum demand charge in addition to the usual charge for the number of units consumed. This charge is usually based on the highest amount of power used during some period (say 30 minutes) during the metering month. The maximum demand charge often represents a large proportion of the total bill and may be based on only one isolated 30 minute episode of high power use. Considerable savings can be realised by monitoring power use and turning off or reducing non-essential loads during such periods of high power use. Maximum Demand Controller (See Figure10.1) is a device designed to meet the need of industries conscious of the value of load management. Alarm is sounded when demand approaches a preset value. If corrective action is not taken, the controller switches off non-essential loads in a logical sequence. This sequence is predetermined by the user and is programmed jointly by the user and the supplier of the device. The plant equipments selected for the Figure 10.1 Maximum Demand Controller load management are stopped and restarted as per the desired load profile. Demand control scheme is implemented by using suitable control contactors. Audio and visual annunciations could also be used. Bureau of Energy Efficiency 177

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