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Chapter 2.2 - Boilers

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Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University (JNTUH), Hyderabad

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2. Boilers 2. BOILERS Syllabus Boilers: Types, Combustion in boilers, Performances evaluation, Analysis of losses, Feed water treatment, Blow down, Energy conservation opportunities. 2.1 Introduction A boiler is an enclosed vessel that provides a means for combustion heat to be transferred into water until it becomes heated water or steam. The hot water or steam under pressure is then usable for transferring the heat to a process. Water is a useful and cheap medium for transferring heat to a process. When water is boiled into steam its volume increases about 1,600 times, producing a force that is almost as explosive as gunpowder. This causes the boiler to be extremely dangerous equipment that must be treated with utmost care. The process of heating a liquid until it reaches its gaseous state is called evaporation. Heat is transferred from one body to another by means of (1) radiation, which is the transfer of heat from a hot body to a cold body without a conveying medium, (2) convection, the transfer of heat by a conveying medium, such as air or water and (3) conduction, transfer of heat by actual physical contact, molecule to molecule. Boiler Specification The heating surface is any part of the boiler metal Typical Boiler Specification that has hot gases of :XYZ & 2003 combustion on one side Boiler Make & Year o and water on the MCR(Maximum Continuous Rating) :10TPH (F & A 100 C) 2 other. Any part of the Rated Working Pressure :10.54 kg/cm (g) : 3 Pass Fire tube boiler metal that actually Type of Boiler : Fuel Oil contributes to making Fuel Fired steam is heating surface. The amount of heating surface of a boiler is expressed in square meters. The larger the heating surface a boiler has, the more efficient it becomes. The quantity of the steam produced is indicated in tons of water evaporated to steam per hour. Maximum continuous rating is the hourly evaporation that can be maintained for 24 hours. F & A means the amount of steam generated from water at 100oC to saturated steam at 100 oC Indian Boiler Regulation The Indian Boilers Act was enacted to consolidate and amend the law relating to steam boilers. Indian Boilers Regulation (IBR) was created in exercise of the powers conferred by section 28 & 29 of the Indian Boilers Act. IBR Steam Boilers means any closed vessel exceeding 22.75 liters in capacity and which is used expressively for generating steam under pressure and includes any mounting or other Bureau of Energy Efficiency 27

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