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Chapter 3.4 - HVAC and Refrigeration System

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Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University (JNTUH), Hyderabad

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4. HVAC and Refrigeration System 4. HVAC AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEM Syllabus HVAC and Refrigeration System: Vapor compression refrigeration cycle, Refrigerants, Coefficient of performance, Capacity, Factors affecting Refrigeration and Air conditioning system performance and savings opportunities. Vapor absorption refrigeration system: Working principle, Types and comparison with vapor compression system, Saving potential 4.1 Introduction The Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) and refrigeration system transfers the heat energy from or to the products, or building environment. Energy in form of electricity or heat is used to power mechanical equipment designed to transfer heat from a colder, low-energy level to a warmer, high-energy level. Refrigeration deals with the transfer of heat from a low temperature level at the heat source to a high temperature level at the heat sink by using a low boiling refrigerant. There are several heat transfer loops in refrigeration system as described below: Figure 4.1 Heat Transfer Loops In Refrigeration System In the Figure 4.1, thermal energy moves from left to right as it is extracted from the space and expelled into the outdoors through five loops of heat transfer: Indoor air loop. In the leftmost loop, indoor air is driven by the supply air fan through a cooling coil, where it transfers its heat to chilled water. The cool air then cools the building space. Chilled water loop. Driven by the chilled water pump, water returns from the cooling coil to the chiller s evaporator to be re-cooled. Refrigerant loop. Using a phase-change refrigerant, the chiller s compressor pumps heat from the chilled water to the condenser water. Condenser water loop. Water absorbs heat from the chiller s condenser, and the condenser water pump sends it to the cooling tower. Cooling tower loop. The cooling tower s fan drives air across an open flow of the hot condenser water, transferring the heat to the outdoors. Bureau of Energy Efficiency 71

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