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Chapter 3.3 - Compressed Air System

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Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University (JNTUH), Hyderabad

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3. COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEM Syllabus Compressed air system: Types of air compressors, Compressor efficiency, Efficient compressor operation, Compressed air system components, Capacity assessment, Leakage test, Factors affecting the performance and efficiency 3.1 Introduction Air compressors account for significant amount of electricity used in Indian industries. Air compressors are used in a variety of industries to supply process requirements, to operate pneumatic tools and equipment, and to meet instrumentation needs. Only 10-30% of energy reaches the point of end-use, and balance 70-90% of energy of the power of the prime mover being converted to unusable heat energy and to a lesser extent lost in form of friction, misuse and noise. Approximately 10% gets to the point of use!! Figure 3.1 Sankey Diagram for Compressed Air System 3.2 Compressor Types Compressors are broadly classified as: Positive displacement compressor and Dynamic compressor. Positive displacement compressors increase the pressure of the gas by reducing the volume. Positive displacement compressors are further classified as reciprocating and rotary compressors. Dynamic compressors increase the air velocity, which is then converted to increased pressure at the outlet. Dynamic compressors are basically centrifugal compressors and are further classified as radial and axial flow types. Bureau of Energy Efficiency 49

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