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Chapter 1.9 - Global Environmental Concerns

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Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University (JNTUH), Hyderabad

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9. GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS Syllabus Global Environmental Concerns: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC), Kyoto Protocol, Conference of Parties (COP), Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), Prototype Carbon Fund (PCF), Sustainable Development, 9.1 Global Environmental Issues As early as 1896, the Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius had predicted that human activities would interfere with the way the sun interacts with the earth, resulting in global warming and climate change. His prediction has become true and climate change is now disrupting global environmental stability. The last few decades have seen many treaties, conventions, and protocols for the cause of global environmental protection. Few examples of environmental issues of global significance are: Ozone layer depletion Global warming Loss of biodiversity One of the most important characteristics of this environmental degradation is that it affects all mankind on a global scale without regard to any particular country, region, or race. The whole world is a stakeholder and this raises issues on who should do what to combat environmental degradation. 9.2 Ozone Layer Depletion Earth s atmosphere is divided into three regions, namely troposphere, stratosphere and mesosphere (see Figure 9.1). The stratosphere extends from 10 to 50 kms from the Earth s surface. This region is concentrated with slightly pungent smelling, light bluish ozone gas. The ozone gas is made up of molecules each containing three atoms of oxygen; its chemical formula is O3. The ozone layer, in the stratosphere acts as an efficient filter for harmful solar Ultraviolet B (UV-B) rays Figure 9.1 Ozone Layer Bureau of Energy Efficiency 184

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