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ICSE Class X Notes 2024 : English Paper 2 (English Literature)

3 pages, 7 questions, 1 questions with responses, 1 total responses,

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| Act II Scene IX | INSTRUCTOR: SANDHYA THAKKAR | +91 9967030165 | sandhya.t257@gmail.com ACT II SCENE IX Extract 1 Portia : To these injunctions everyone doth swear That comes to hazard for my worthless self. 5 6 1 Question 1. What is the meaning of the word injunctions ? Which injunctions are being discussed here? Who else was present at the scene? 0 3 0 Answer : The meaning of the word injunctions is conditions. Here the conditions of the oath are being talked about which all the suitors have to swear before they take the lottery of caskets. Nerissa, the Prince of Arragon and their trains were present at the scene apart from Portia. 7 6 9 9 r a Question 2. State the injunctions in detail. Why did he reject the lead casket? k k a h T Answer : The oath which the Prince of Arragon had undertaken, included the conditions that were common for all the suitors taking up the lottery of caskets. The first condition asked the suitor never to disclose to anyone which casket he had chosen. Apart from that, if he failed to choose the right casket, he should never woo a maid by way of marriage. The last condition was that the suitor who made the wrong choice should leave immediately without a word of dispute or appeal. He called lead a base metal and said that it should have a more attractive appearance for Arragon to choose it. Thus, he rejected lead casket for its pale and dull appearance. a y h d n Sa Question 3. How does Arragon interpret the words many men inscribed on the gold casket? Did he choose the gold casket? Why? Why not? Answer : Arragon interpreted the words many men as the foolish multitudes who make their choice by the outward appearances and cannot see beyond plain eyesight. They do not look into the deeper meaning of things and are influenced by the outward show. He compared them to a house martin that makes its mud nest on the outer walls of a house thus exposing it to extreme weather conditions and other dangers. Similarly, foolish commoners who judge by the outward appearances are prone to commit errors and fall into dangers, No, he did not choose the golden casket because he did not want to jump with the common spirits and rank with the barbarous multitudes. Achievers Academy By Sandhya Thakkar ICSE English | Grade IX & X | Merchant Of Venice Question 3. Which phrase has been used by Arragon for the silver casket? What appealed him the most about the silver casket? Why? Answer : Arragon used the phrase silver treasure house to describe the silver casket. The principle of the inscription, which stated that whoever chooses it would get as much as he deserved, appealed to Arragon the most. He was a firm believer of honour earned on meritorious grounds and on the basis of rightful deserving. According to him, no one should be allowed to cheat fortune and try to attain honour without possessing the merit. He insisted that no one should wear the garb of nobility and dignity unless he fully deserved it. 5 6 1 Question 3. What are estates , degrees and offices ? What does Arragon say about them? 0 3 0 Answer : Estates are the social ranks like lordships and knighthoods. Degrees are the posts of honour in a hierarchy like an Earl being superior to a viscount and a viscount being superior to a baron. Offices refer to appointments or posts of responsibility. Arragon wished that estates, degrees and offices should not be obtained by corrupt and dishonest means. He added that unblemished honour should be obtained only by a deserving man. 7 6 9 9 r a k k Question 4. How does Arragon explain further the importance of deserving before getting an honoured position? a h T Answer : According to Arragon, if degrees, estates and offices were bestowed to the people who deserved them, then many a man who stood with uncovered heads showing respect to their superiors, would actually cover their heads and be respected for their superiority. Similarly, many who were being commanded then, should be the ones who gave the commands. He stated that if honour and distinction were granted on the basis of merit then how many of those who belonged to the lower class would be picked out from the true sons of nobility and how many of those who were outcast and ruined would be restored to their true place of glory and dignity. a y h d n a S Question 5. Which casket did Arragon choose? Why? Answer : Arragon chose the silver casket because he found the inscription on the silver casket the most meaningful and appealing. Apart from this, he thought highly of himself and was sure of his merit and thought he deserved Portia rightfully. EXTRACT 2 Portia : To offend and judge are distinct offices and of opposed natures. Question 1. Who was Portia talking to? Why did she say so? Explain. Answer: Portia was talking to the Prince of Arragon. She told him so because the Prince of Arragon was highly disappointed and offended when he got the portrait of a blinking idiot inside the silver casket. He exclaimed with disbelief if a fool s head was all he deserved and whether he deserving wasn t any better than that. So Portia replied that to commit an offence and to pass a judgment on the offence were two different actions opposed in their nature. Arragon had already done wrong in choosing the wrong casket and then he was unable to judge himself objectively. Question 2. What does Arragon find in the scroll? Answer : The scroll in the silver casket read that the metal silver was refined seven times in fire for its purification. Similarly, a perfect judgment that never made a mistake, is tested seven times for perfection and accuracy. It was written further in the scroll that those who embrace illusions only get an illusory happiness. There were some foolish people whose foolishness was disguised by the silvery hair of old age; so was that casket disguised with a covering of silver. The scroll then straightaway asked the person reading it to go away because his chance was lost and then onwards he would always have a fool s head. 5 6 1 Question 3. How does Arragon leave? What did Portia say after Arragon departs? 0 3 0 Answer : Arragon departed with disappointment and a heavy heart by saying that if he lingered there for a longer time, he would appear to be a bigger fool. He said that he had come with one head but he was leaving with two. Later on he seemed to have accepted his fate and said that he would keep his oath and would patiently bear his misfortune. After Arragon left, Portia remarked that Arragon was like a foolish moth that fluttered around the candle flame and hence got burnt. She then commented on the deliberate fools like Arragon who while making their choice give more importance to their reasoning (wit). But the same reasoning also gave them enough intelligence (wisdom) to make a wrong choice. The fact was, the choice of the right casket wasn t dependent on wit but on instinct or love that was ready to hazard it all. 7 6 9 9 r a a y h k k a h T Question 4. Who entered the scene after Arragon left? What information had he brought? Answer : After Arragon left, a servant entered the scene. He bore the news of the arrival of a young Venetian messenger who had come there to announce the arrival of his master. He had brought substantial greetings and valuable gifts apart from courteous compliments for Portia. The servant said that he had never seen a messenger of love as pleasing as he. Even the most pleasant day in April that heralded the onset of a bright and beautiful summer was not as pleasant as the Venetian messenger. d n a S

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