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AGRICULTURE - II CROP Rice (Kharif) TEMP About 16 C 20 C during early period 18 C 32 C during the ripening stage RAINFALL/ SOIL 150cm to 300cm Alluvial soil with clayey sub-soil CULTIVATION METHOD Sowing: 1. Broadcasting scattering of seeds by hand MISC INFO Most important food crop in India 2. Dibbling: dropping of seeds at regular intervals in ploughed furrows Reasons for low yield 1. Unreliable rain 2. Improper irrigation 3. Infertile soil 4. Inadequate use of chemicals 5. Poor quality seeds 6. Inefficient methods of cultivation 7. Pests 3. Drilling: dropping seeds through shafts of bamboo attached to a plough Transplantation: 1. Seeds are first sown in nurseries 2. After 5 to 6 weeks, plants are uprooted by hand and transplanted into flooded fields (Increases yield) 3. Harvesting is done by hand using scythes. 4.Threshing is done by beating paddy heads against a hard rock or making bullocks trample the paddy AREA OF PROD West Bengal, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu 1 CROP Wheat (Rabi) TEMP 10 C -20 C early period of growth 26 C 28 C during ripening period RAINFALL/ SOIL 50cm to 100cm Clayey or any soils (Black or alluvial Soils) CULTIVATION METHOD Seeds sown in moist soil after rains Seeds sown in ploughed fields by broadcasting dibbling & drilling Harvesting done before the heat sets in Sickles are used for harvesting in most places Mechanised harvesting in Punjab and Uttar Pradesh MISC INFO India is the 4th largest producer in the world. AREA OF PROD Punjab, Harayana, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh 2 CROP Millets (Jowar, bajra & ragi) TEMP - RAINFALL/ SOIL - CULTIVATION METHOD Maturing of grains is from 3 to 4 months MISC INFO Referred to as inferior grains . Grains are used as food for humans Leaves & stalks as used as fodder for livestock AREA OF PROD - CROP TEMP 18 C 32 C. Can survive high temperatures RAINFALL/ SOIL 50cm to 100cm mainly in winter Can survive drought conditions CULTIVATION METHOD Sown by broadcasting methods MISC INFO Staple food of a large population in Peninsular Plateau AREA OF PROD Maharashtra Madhya Pradesh Rajasthan Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh Gujarat Jowar Black cotton clayey soil but can grow in red, alluvial and yellow loamy soils 3 CROP TEMP RAINFALL/ SOIL Bajra (Kharif) 25C 30 C 50cm to 100cm CULTIVATION METHOD Red soil, sandy loams and black soil CROP Ragi TEMP 20 C 30 C. Can survive high temperatures RAINFALL/ SOIL 50cm to 100cm Can withstand sever drought and low rainfall CULTIVATION METHOD MISC INFO AREA OF PROD Grown as a mixed crop with cotton, jowar or ragi Rajasthan, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana MISC INFO Grown in the dry parts of S India & some parts of N India AREA OF PROD Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh Red black or drained alluvial soil 4 CROP Pulses TEMP 20 C -30 C RAINFALL/ SOIL 50cm 75cm Can grow on all types of soil but light dry soil is best CULTIVATION METHOD MISC INFO 1.Important part of vegetarian diet; source of protien I2.ncludes crops like a variety of dhals (channa, tur, masoor urad moong) & peas 3.Pulses restor fertility by fixing nitrogen in the soil 4.Some grams are used as fodder AREA OF PROD Punjab Harayana, Uttar Pradesh Madhya Pradesh & Rajasthan 5
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