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ICSE Class X Notes 2025 : Geography (TE HYDERABAD PUBLIC SCHOOL

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THE HYDERABAD PUBLIC SCHOOL, BEGUMPET GEOGRAPHY WORKSHEET CLASS 10 Agro based Industries Q1. What is an agro- based industry? State 2 major agro-based industries in India. An agro-based industry is an industry which gets its raw material from agriculture Sugar, textile, jute, tea, and edible oil industries. Q2. Mention two ways in which the agro-based industries have affected the economy of India Employs many people. Helps in income generation. Brings in foreign exchange Q3. Give reasons to explain why there is a need for rapid industrialization in India. To provide employment. For balance of trade To raise national & per capita income. To reduce over dependence on agriculture. Q2. Name two by-products of sugarcane and their industrial use: Molasses- used in manufacture of rum, fertilizers, chemicals, and cattle feed. Bagasse- used for making paper and cardboard. Press mud- used for making wax, shoe polish and carbon paper. Q3. Which agro-based industry tends to migrate towards the south in India? Give reasons. Sugar industry. Because of frost free climate ideal climatic conditions- marine climate, sugar mills are located close to the growing areas, crushing season is longer and new machinery ensures more yield. Q4. Why is it necessary to crush sugarcane within 24 hrs. of harvesting? Because the sucrose content decreases if it is not crushed within 24 hrs. Q5. Give 3 important reasons which have made Maharashtra the leading producer of sugar in India? Marine climate, higher sucrose content, longer crushing season, and the black fertile soil. Q6. State the problems faced by the sugar industry? Sugarcane fields are far from the sugar industry. Sugarcanes crushing season is short. Old and obsolete machinery. Q7. India produces very little cane sugar though it is the one of the largest producers of sugarcane in the world. Give a reason? Because the demand for gur and khandsari is more in the rural areas, Poor quality cane giving low yield per hectare and low sucrose content. Q8. How does the cotton textile industry contribute to the Indian economy? Provides employment to 2 crores of people directly or indirectly. Earns a large foreign exchange. Cotton textiles is the largest organized industry in India. Q9. What factors have favored the localization cotton textile industry in Mumbai/Ahmedabad? Proximity to the raw material: from the cotton producing areas of Deccan plateau Climatic condition: humid coastal climate favors textile without breaking the thread. Transport facilities: Mumbai and Ahmedabad are well connected with rail and road network Port facilities: Mumbai is leading port with import and export facilities whereas Ahmedabad utilizes Kandla port. Financial Capital: Both Mumbai and Ahmedabad are financial and commercial centers of the country so they have easy access to capital and financial resources. Power supply: Mumbai from Tata hydroelectric system Ahmedabad from Ukai and Kakrapara hydroelectric project Q10. Mention 3 problems faced by the cotton textile industry? Inadequate supply of raw material due to crop failure. Shortage of power, frequent power cuts and load shedding effects the industry leads to loss of man hours. Obsolete machinery results in low output poor quality of goods due to which Indian textiles are unable to compete with the international market. Q11. Mention major problems of small-scale industry. Use of outdated machinery & difficulty in getting raw material. Lack of finances / poverty. Competition from large scale industry. Q12. Kolkata is an important cotton manufacturing center even though West Bengal is not a leading producer of cotton. Humid climate facilitates weaving without breaking thread. Excellent means of transport Cheap labour & Kolkata port facilities. 13. Give reasons: India produces very little cane sugar though it is the largest producer of sugar in the world. Because a large amount of sugarcane is used to make gur & khandsari. Sugarcane must be crushed soon after harvesting/ sugar mills are located very close to sugarcane growing areas/ sugarcane is a weight losing commodity. Because sucrose content starts decreasing with time. Mumbai is known as Cottonopolis of India Mumbai is the most important center of cotton textile in the country as raw material is supplied from Deccan Plateau close to mills, favorable humid climate, Mumbai port facilities for export & import etc. Ahmedabad is known as Manchester of India . Because supply of raw material from Deccan Plateau, well connected through rail & road with cotton growing areas, port facilities of Kandla, financial & commercial center, power from Ukai & Kakrapara hydroelectric project. Uttar Pradesh has been relegated to second place in terms of sugarcane production. Because of old mills, management problems & a short crushing period. Higher output of sugar in south India. Favorable maritime climate free from summer loo & winter frost. Black fertile soil. High yielding superior variety of cane Sugar factories are located near the fields 14. State the factors affecting the location of industries. Availability of raw materials Power supply. Availability of skilled & unskilled labour. 15. Differentiate between the following1. Micro enterprise Investment in plant or machinery doesn t exceed 1 crore & annual turnover doesn t exceed 5 crore rupees. Medium enterprise Investment doesn t exceed 50 crore rupees & turnover doesn t exceed 250 crore rupees 2. Heavy Industry Needs more capital skilled & unskilled labour & large quantities of raw materials. Finished products are heavy Eg Iron & steel industries & automobiles Light industry Needs less capital Less number of workers Products are light- Eg-Electronic goods, TV sets etc. 3. Basic Industry It is the core industry on which other industries depend for their manufacturing.-Eg- Iron & steel , Petroleum industry. Secondary Industry Process the basic raw materials into primary products for direct use by consumers. Eg- Textiles, sugar etc. 4. Agro-based industry Depends on agricultural raw material These are consumer goods Eg- textile, jute, sugar, tea & coffee industries. Mineral based industry Use minerals- metallic & non -metallic as raw materials Eg- Iron & steel industry, cement, fertilizers, heavy engineering etc. 5. Public sector Industries owned & managed by central or state governments. Railways, post & telegraph, oil refineries, defence establishments, BHEL, GAIL, SAIL, IOC etc. Private sector Industries owned & managed by an individual or group of individuals. Reliance India limited, Infosys, Wipro etc. 6. Macro - Tertiary

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