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ICSE Board Exam 2017 : Commercial Applications

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Raja Ram Mohan Roy (22 May 1772 27 September 1833) was involved with the Brahmo Samaj, an influential socio-religious reform movement. His influence was apparent in the fields of politics, public administration and education as well as religion. He was known for his efforts to establish the abolishment of the practice of sati, the Hindu funeral practice in which the widow was compelled to sacrifice herself in her husband s funeral pyre in some parts of Bengal. It was he who first introduced the word "Hinduism" into the English language in 1816. For his diverse activities and contributions to society, Raja Ram Mohan Roy is regarded as one of the most important and contentious figures in the Bengali renaissance. His efforts to protect Hinduism and Indian rights and his closeness with the British government earned him the title "The Father of the Indian Renaissance". Crusaded against social evils like sati, polygamy and child marriage. Demanded property inheritance rights for women. In 1828, he set up the Brahmo Sabha a movement of reformist Bengali Brahmins to fight against social evils. Roy s political background fit influenced his social and religious to reforms of Hinduism. He writes, "The present system of Hindus is not well calculated to promote their political interests . It is necessary that some change should take place in their religion, at least for the sake of their political advantage and social comfort."[20] Ram Mohan Roy s experience working with the British government taught him that Hindu traditions were often not credible or respected by western standards and this no doubt affected his religious reforms. He wanted to legitimize Hindu traditions to his European acquaintances by proving that "superstitious practices which deform the Hindu religion have nothing to do with the pure spirit of its dictates!"[21] The "superstitious practices", to which Ram Mohan Roy objected, included sati, caste rigidity, polygamy and child marriages.[22] These practices were often the reasons British officials claimed moral superiority over the Indian nation. Ram Mohan Roy s ideas of religion actively sought to create a fair and just society by implementing humanitarian practices similar to Christian ideals and thus legitimize Hinduism in the modern world. Kisan Baburao "Anna" Hazare born 15 June 1937) is an Indian social activist who led movements to promote rural development, increase government transparency, and investigate and punish corruption in public life. In addition to organising and encouraging grassroots movements, Hazare frequently conducted hunger strikes to further his causes a tactic reminiscent, to many, of the work of Mohandas K. Gandhi.[1][2] Hazare also contributed to the development and structuring of Ralegan Siddhi, a village in Parner taluka of Ahmednagar district, Maharashtra, India. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan the third-highest civilian award by the Government of India in 1992 for his efforts in establishing this village as a model for others.[3]

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