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2003 Course Laser Applications In Instrumentation (Elective I)

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Total No. of Questions : 12] P1081 [Total No. of Pages : 3 [3864] - 286 B.E. (Instrumentation & Control) LASER APPLICATIONS IN INSTRUMENTATION (2003 Course) (Elective - I) Time : 3 Hours] [Max. Marks : 100 Instructions to the candidates: 1) Answer three questions from section I and section II. 2) Answers to the two sections should be written in separate books. 3) Neat diagrams must be drawn wherever necessary. 4) Use of electronic pocket calculator is allowed. 5) Assume suitable data, if necessary. SECTION - I Q1) a) Explain in detail the process of absorption, spontaneous and stimulated emissions of radiation with the help of energy level diagram. [8] b) Explain the importance of Einstein relations in emissions of radiation.[8] OR Q2) a) Calculate the ratio of rates of spontaneous and stimulated emissions for a tungsten filament lamp operating at temperature of 2000K with average frequency to be 5 1014 Hz. [5] b) Estimate the relative populations of two energy levels such that a transition from the higher to the lower will give visible radiations of 550 nm at room temperature (T = 300K). [5] c) What are the properties of Laser? [6] Q3) a) What is different laser system features which are applicable to most commercial and industrial lasers? Explain each in short. [12] b) Estimate the efficiency of a GaAs laser operating well above threshold. The refractive index of material is 3.6 and laser cavity length is 0.2 mm. The loss coefficient is 800 per meter length and the internal quantum efficiency is 0.8. [6] P.T.O. OR Q4) a) Explain the construction and working of He-Ne laser. [8] b) How the laser products are classified for safety standards? [4] c) Calculate the threshold pumping power of a Nd: Glass laser for critical population inversion of 9 1021 /m3 and spontaneous life time of 300 s. The upper level is at energy of 1.4eV. [6] Q5) a) b) Q6) a) b) What are the various basic optical interferometers? [8] What is Speckle Pattern? Describe subjective and objective speckles.[8] OR Describe the electronic speckle pattern interferometer (ESPI) for displacement measurement. [8] Describe the properties of speckle pattern in short. [8] SECTION - II Q7) a) b) Q8) a) b) Q9) a) b) Q10)a) b) Q11)a) b) Explain the principle of operation of Laser Velocimeter. [8] Compare the two options for the electronic processing of the Doppler signal? [8] OR Explain the frequency domain processing of Doppler signal in detail.[8] Discuss the performance parameters of operation of laser velocimeter. [8] What is the Sagnac effect? Show that the phase shift is proportional to the angular velocity. [8] Explain the components required for all fiber FOG configuration. [8] OR Show that the frequency of the sagnac signal in RLG is proportional to the angular velocity of rotation. [8] Explain in detail the Fiber Optic Gyroscope. [8] Write a short note on Holographic Interferometer. [9] What are different emulsions used to record the holograms? Mention the characteristics of it. [9] [3864]-286 2 Q12)a) b) OR A thin strip of the hologram undergoing stress parallel to the x-axis is illuminated by a He-Ne laser. The fringes are localized in a plane having slope of 1.5 per unit length in x-direction and the fringe spacing is found to be 1 mm. Hence find the strain. [8] Explain the any one applications of holographic interferometer that you know. [10] jjj [3864]-286 3

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