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2003 Course Novel Separation Processes (Elective I)

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Total No. of Questions : 12] P1096 [Total No. of Pages :5 [3864] - 366 B.E. (Petrochemical) NOVEL SEPARATION PROCESSES (2003 Course) (Elective - I) Time : 3 Hours] [Max. Marks : 100 Instructions to the candidates: 1) Answer any 3 questions from each section. 2) Answers to the two sections should be written in separate books. 3) Neat diagrams must be drawn wherever necessary. 4) Figures to the right indicate full marks. 5) Your answers will be valued as a whole. 6) Use of logarithmic tables, slide rule, Mollier charts, electronic pocket calculator and steam tables is allowed. 7) Assume suitable data, if necessary. SECTION - I Q1) Write short notes on (Any Three) : a) Selection of separation processes. b) Micro emulsions and Macro emulsions. c) Adsorptive Bubble Separation Techniques. d) Froth Flotation : Principles and Industrial applications. [18] OR Q2) Attempt from the following (Any Two) : [18] a) Classify the membrane separation processes with suitable examples. b) Explain in brief the basic process principles involved in Reverse Osmosis. State the industrial applications. c) Discuss the process principles involved in Ultrafiltration and Nanofiltration. Q3) Classify models for membrane separation processes. Derive the model equation for complete mixing model for gas separation by membranes. Discuss the solution strategy for the model equations. [16] OR Q4) a) Discuss in brief different types of membrane modules with neat sketches by giving industrial applications. [10] P.T.O. b) Reverse osmosis of salt solution at 25 C is tested with a 5 10-3 m2 cellulose acetate membrane. On one side of the membrane is 1 mol NaCl/ kg H2O solution at 60 atmospheres (abs.) pressure, on the other is 0.01 mol NaCl/kg H2O at atmospheric pressure. The permeation rate is 96.12 ml/hour. Find the solvent permeability and the rejection rate. [6] Q5) a) A liquid containing dilute solute A at a concentration 3 10-2 kgmol/m3 is flowing rapidly by a membrane of thickness, 3 10-5 m. The solute diffuses through the membrane and its concentration on the other side is 0.55 10-2 kgmol/m3. The mass transfer coefficient kc1 is large and can be considered as infinite and kc2 = 2.22 10-5 m/s. Data: Distribution coefficient = K' = 1.55 and Diffusivity, DAB = 8 10-11 m2/sec in the membrane. i) Derive the equation to calculate the steady state flux, NA and make a sketch. ii) Calculate the flux and concentration at the membrane interfaces.[8] b) An 8.95-micron tubular membrane is used to recover salt A from a dilute solution. The solutions to either side are at 0.025 and 0.004 kmol/m3, with mass transfer coefficients of 4.35 10-5 and 2.25 10-5 m/s respectively. The distribution coefficient is 0.79 and the diffusivity of A in the membrane is 3.05 10-11 m2/s. i) Calculate the percentage of total resistance to mass transfer contributed by the membrane. ii) Calculate the membrane area needed to allow recovery at 0.011 kmol/hr. [8] OR Q6) A membrane is to be used to separate a gaseous mixture of A and B in one of the Petrochemical complex near Mumbai. The following information is available: Feed flow rate = 3 105 cm3 (STP)/s Feed composition of A = 0.55 mole fraction Desired composition of reject = 0.25 mole fraction Thickness of membrane = 2.55 10-3 cm Pressure on feed side = 100 cm Hg Pressure on permeate Side = 25 cm Hg = 20 10-10 cm3(STP). cm/(s.cm2.cm. Hg) Permeability of A, PA = 10 10-10 cm3(STP). cm/(s.cm2.cm. Hg) Permeability of B, PB [3864]-366 -2- Assuming complete mixing model, calculate the following: a) the permeate composition b) the fraction permeated c) membrane area [16] SECTION - II Q7) a) b) Discuss in brief the process principles involved in Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) and Temperature Swing Adsorption (TSA) with industrial applications. [10] Discuss in brief the adsorption isotherm models with equations. [8] OR Q8) a) Batch tests were performed in the laboratory using solutions of phenol in water and particles of granular activated carbon. The equilibrium data at room temperature are shown in table below. Determine whether the Freundlich isotherm fits the data and find the constants. [10] Equilibrium data: kg phenol c, 3 m solution 0.322 0.117 0.039 0.0061 0.0011 b) kg phenol q, kg carbon 0.150 0.122 0.094 0.059 0.045 Copper ions are removed from aqueous solution by an ion exchange resin. Pilot-scale tests where 94.635 ml/min of solution was passed through a cylindrical bed of resin 0.0254 m in diameter and 0.36576 m high gave a breakthrough time of 7.0 minutes, by which time 60% of the bed height had been fully spent. The plant-scale tower is to be 0.9144 meters high, with a flow rate of 283.905 ml/min. Find i) New breakthrough time; ii) Diameter required; Assume that zone of resin in transition is to be the same in both towers. [8] [3864]-366 -3- Q9) The adsorption of ethane as Linde molecular sieve 5A , was studied by Glessner and Myers (1969) at 35 C. P, [mm Hg) U take, V [cm3 (STP/gm] 0.17 0.059 0.95 0.318 5.57 1.638 12.09 3.613 111.32 24.236 220.87 34.278 300.05 38.340 401.25 41. 779 44.037 500.18 602.74 45.693 a) b) Using the data given above determine if the Langmuir equation can be used to model the data. [16] Calculate the total surface solid, if Ethane = 0.3549 gm/cc. OR Q10)a) From Darcy s Law, the velocity through a packed bed for a given pressure drop (P) is given by : u= 3G 2 p 1 Where, = Darcy's constant P = Pressure drop dp = Particle diameter 1 = Length of column = Viscosity of the mobile phase Also, from the analysis of the Van Deemter equation, for a well packed column and for a highly retained solute, it is found that : Hmin = 2.48dp and the velocity at Hmin is equal to 1.62Dm dp Where Dm is the diffusivity of the solute in the mobile phase. From the above information s, derive an analytical expression for the maximum efficiency obtainable for a column in terms of these parameters, if the maximum allowable pressure drop is P. [8] [3864]-366 -4- b) In gas chromatography, a plot of HETP as a function of the mobile phase velocity is described by the Van Deemter equation : HETP = A +B/u +Cu Physically, what do the terms A, B and C represent? Derive an expression for optimum value of the mobile phase velocity and the plate height in terms of these parameters. [8] Q11)a) Define the following terms in connection with chromatographic separations and give appropriate equations (Any Four) [8] i) Partition coefficient (K) ii) Retention Volume (VR) iii) Retention Ratio (R) iv) Capacity factor (k ) v) HETP vi) Resolution (Rs) b) Two amino acids, glycine and alanine, were separated by liquid chromatography with the following results : Amino Acid TR, (minutes) W (minutes) Glycine 4.35 0.52 Alanine 5.10 0.64 i) Calculate the resolution of amino acids. ii) Calculate the plate number for alanine. iii) What is the minimum plate numbers needed to provide a resolution of 1.5? iv) How do you get this high plate number? [8] OR Q12)Write short notes on (Any Three) : a) Bioseparation. b) Super Critical Fluid Extraction. c) Reactive Separations. d) Ion Exchange Operations. e) Classification of Chromatographic separations. kbkb [3864]-366 -5- [16]

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