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2003 Course Process Equipment Design - II

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Total No. of Questions : 12] [Total No. of Pages : 4 [3664] - 275 P 1374 B.E. (Chemical) PROCESS EQUIPMENT DESIGN - II (Revised 2003 Course) Time : 3 Hours] [Max. Marks : 100 Instructions to the candidates: 1) Answer 3 questions from Section I and 03 questions from Section II. 2) Answers to the two sections should be written in separate books. 3) Neat diagrams must be drawn wherever necessary. 4) Figures to the right indicate full marks. 5) Use of logarithmic tables, slide rule, Mollier charts, electronic pocket calculator and steam tables is allowed. 6) Assume suitable data, if necessary. Q1) a) b) SECTION - I Toluene is continuously nitrated to mononitrotoluene in a cast iron vessel, 1 m diameter, fitted with propeller agitator 0.3 m diameter rotating at 2.5 Hz. The temp. is maintained at 310 K by circulating 0.5 kg/s cooling water through a stainless steel coil 25 mm O.D. and 22 mm I.D. wound in the form of helix, 0.8 m in diameter. The conditions are such that the reacting material may be considered to have same physical properties as 75% H2SO4. If mean water temperature is 290 K, what is the overall heat transfer coefficient for the desired heat transfer? Data : properties : Thermal conductivity = 0.59 W/mK, Cp = 4180 J/kg K Viscosity = 1.08 mN.s/m2, density = 998 kg/m3. Properties at 75% H 2SO 4 : T hermal conductivity = 0.4 W/mK. Cp = 1.88 x 103 J/kgK, viscosity = 6.5 mN.s/m2, Density = 1666 kg/m3, viscosity at the surface = 8.6 x 10-3 at 300 K, Thermal conductivity of stainless steel is 15.9 W/mK Dirt resistance at inside and outside surfaces are 0.0002 and 0.0004 m2K/W respectively. [12] Give classification and selection criteria of agitators. [6] OR Q2) a) b) Explain jackets and coils for reaction vessels in detail with neat sketches.[8] Calculate the diameter of shaft for the agitator system. The power required for agitation is 3 hP and speed of rotation is 56 rpm. Impeller diameter is 65 cm. Maximum torque is 18900 kg.m. While bending moment is 27700 kg.m. Permissible shear stress = 400 kg/cm2. Permissible tensile stress = 600 kg/cm2. [10] P.T.O. Q3) a) b) Explain the design consideration of fluidized bed dryer. Write a note on classification and selection of dryers. [10] [6] OR Q4) a) b) Q5) a) b) Strips of material 10 mm thick are dried under constant drying conditions from 28 to 13% moisture in 25 KS (7 Hrs). If the equilibrium moisture content is 7%, what is the time taken to dry 60 mm planks from 22 to 10 percent moisture under the same conditions assuming no loss from the edges? All moistures are given on wet basis. The relation between E, the ratio of the average free moisture content at time t to initial free moisture content and the parameter J is given by E1 0.64 0.49 0.38 0.295 0.22 0.14 J0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 and J = kt/l2 where K is the constant, t is time in KS and 2l the thickness of the sheet material in mm. [10] Write short note on various types of atomizers used in the spray dryers. [6] Explain the following methods of calculating plate and column efficiencies in detail. i) O connell s correlation. ii) Van Winkle s correlation. [12] Write short note on the smoker equations. [4] OR Q6) a) Acetone is to be recovered from aqueous waste stream by continuous distillation in a sieve plate distillation column. Find the diameter of the column for the following conditions. Take the minimum feed rate of 70 percent of maximum feed of 13000 kg/hr. Molar feed rate = 672.9 kmol/hr, No. of ideal stages = 16. Slope of bottom operating line = 5.0, slope of top operating line = 0.57. Top composition 94% mol. 98% W/W. Bottom composition - essentially water, Reflux ratio = 1.35, vapor rate at top = 55.5 kmol/hr, vapor rate at bottom = 162.3 kmol/hr. At Bottom, v = 0.72 kg/m3, L = 954 kg/m3, Bottom pressure = 1.26 Bar liquid surface tension = 57 x 10-3 N/m. [3664] - 275 -2- b) At Top, v = 2.05 kg/m3, L = 753 kg/m3, Top pressure = 1 atm, surface tension = 23 x 10-3 N/m. Take tray spacing as 0.5 m. At bottom k1 = 7.5 x 10-2 & at top k1 = 9.0 x 10-2. [12] Explain the typical performance diagram for a sieve plate. [4] SECTION - II Q7) a) b) Explain Onda s method for the prediction of height of transfer unit. [8] Using Onda s method, find HOG for packed bed absorption column, with the help of following data Temperature of operation = 20oC, R = 0.08314 bar m3/kmol. K, Pressure = 1.0132 bar, Total concentration = CT = 55.6 kmol/m3. Molar gas flow rate per unit c/s area = 0.027 kmol/s.m2. bar Molar liquid flow rate per unit c/s area = 0.93 kmol/s.m2. bar Packings : 38 mm intalox saddle, a = 194 m2/m3. Surface tension C = 61 x 10-3 N/m. for packing Surface tension of liq. L = 70 x 10-3 N/m, viscosity L = 1 x 10-3 N.s/m2. v = 0.018 x 10-3 N.s/m2, Density L = 1000 kg/m3, v = 1.21 kg/m3 Diffusivity DL = 1.7 x 10-9 m2/s, Dv = 1.45 x 10-9 m2/s L*w = 17.6 kg/m2.s V* = 0.79 kg/m2.s [10] w OR Q8) a) b) Q9) a) A feed containing 45% mol volatile component enter apacked bed. The distillate from the packed bed contains 95% more volatile component and bottom product contains 10% m.v.c. Relative volatility of the mixture is 3.0. A total condensor is used and the tower is operated with reflux ratio of 1.25 times the minimum reflux ratio. The HTU for the rectifying section are Hy = 0.5 and Hx = 1.0. Mass transfer coefficient is constant across the column. Determine the flowrates, steam consumption and packing height required to achieve the separation. [12] Write a note on the following : [6] i) Liquid distributor. ii) Packing support used in packed bed column. Write a note on reflux drum with a neat sketch. [3664] - 275 -3- [6] b) Design a decantor to separate a light oil from water. The oil is dispersed phase. Oil - flowrate = 1000 kg/hr, density = 900 kg/m3, viscosity = 3 mNs/m2 Water - flowrate = 5000 kg/hr, density = 1000 kg/m3, viscosity = 1 mNs/m2 Droplet diameter = 150 m. [10] OR Q10)a) b) Q11)a) b) A liquid - liquid gravity separator is to be designed to handle two phase liquid stream of 0.4 m3/min. The feed contains 40% by volume of light phase and 60% by volume of heavy phase. Density of light phase = 900 kg/m3. Density of heavy phase = 1100 kg/m3. required setting time for light phase is 5 minutes while the setting time for heavy phase is 4 minutes. [10] Write short note on [6] i) Gravity separator. ii) Oil-water separator. Explain the pipeline design for transportation of crude oil [10] Water is to flow through a pipeline at a rate of 1 kg/sec to a distance of 1.5 km. The impressed head of water is 9.8 m. Density of water = 1000 kg/m3. Viscosity = 1 mNs/m2. [6] OR Q12)a) b) Explain various types of piping supports used for pipelines. [8] Discuss various factors considered for design of pipeline for natural gas. [8] [3664] - 275 -4-

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