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2003 Course Fiber Optic Instrumentation

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Total No. of Questions : 12] P1009 [Total No. of Pages : 3 [3664]-255 B.E. (Instrumentation) 406264(3) : FIBER OPTIC INSTRUMENTATION (2003 Course) Time : 3 Hours] [Max. Marks : 100 Instructions to the candidates: 1) Answer 3 questions from Section-I and 3 questions from Section-II. 2) Answers to the two sections should be written in separate books. 3) Figures to the right indicate full marks. 4) Use of logarithmic tables, slide rule, Mollier charts, electronic pocket calculator and steam tables is allowed. 5) Assume suitable data, if necessary. SECTION - I Q1) a) Explain what is meant by a graded index optical fiber, giving an expression for the possible refractive index profile? Using simple ray theory concepts, discuss the transmission of light through the fiber. Indicate the major advantage of this type of fiber with regard to multimode propagation. [10] b) Briefly indicate with the aid of suitable diagrams the difference between meridional and skew ray paths in step index fibers. [6] OR Q2) a) An optical fiber has a numerical aperture of 0.20 and a cladding refractive index of 1.59. Determine: [8] i) The acceptance angle for the fiber in water which has a refractive index of 1.33; ii) The critical angle at the core-cladding interface. b) Describe with the aid of simple ray diagram: i) Multimode step index fiber ii) Single-mode step index fiber Compare the advantages and disadvantages of these two types of fiber for use as an optical channel. [8] P.T.O. Q3) a) Discuss absorption losses in optical fibers, comparing and contrasting the intrinsic and extrinsic absorption mechanisms. [9] b) Briefly describe linear scattering losses in optical fibers with regard to: [8] i) Rayleigh scattering ii) Mie scattering. OR Q4) a) Compare stimulated Brillouin and stimulated Raman scattering in optical fibers. [8] b) Explain Micro bending and Macro bending in optical fiber. Also explain what the critical bending radius for an optical fiber means. [9] Q5) a) Briefly describe the processes by which light can be emitted from an atom. Discuss the requirements for population inversion in order that stimulated emission may dominate over spontaneous emission. Illustrate your answer with an energy level diagram of a common [9] nonsemiconductor laser. b) Compare P-I-N diode with avalanche photodiode. [8] OR Q6) a) Describe what is meant by the fusion splicing of optical fibers. Discuss the advantages and drawbacks of this jointing technique. [8] b) Discuss the principles of operation of the two major categories of demountable optical fiber connectors. Describe in detail a common technique for achieving a butt jointed fiber connector. [9] SECTION - II Q7) What are the advantages of Intensity Modulated Optical Sensors (IMOS)? Describe following techniques of sensing which is based on intensity modulation. Also enlist different parameters, which can be sensed by using these techniques. [18] a) evanescent field b) coupling c) encoding based position sensors. [3664]-255 -2- OR Q8) a) What do you understand by intrinsic and extrinsic Optical Fiber Sensors? With the aid of suitable diagrams describe one Extrinsic Optical Fiber Sensor. How do you calibrate this sensor? [10] b) What are the advantages and drawbacks of Optical Fiber Sensors? [8] Q9) a) What are the advantages and disadvantages of Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing? Explain role of Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) in Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing. [8] b) How various parameters are sensed by using Fiber Bragg Grating?[8] OR Q10) a) Explain working of Fiber Bragg Grating. Also explain the manufacturing technique of Fiber Bragg Grating. [8] b) Explain working of Distributed Optical Fiber stress-strain sensor. [8] Q11) a) Sketch the major elements of a fiber amplifier and describe the operation of the device. Indicate the benefits of fiber amplifier technology in comparison with that associated with silicon laser [10] amplifiers (SLAs). b) Write a note on Integrated Optics . [6] OR Q12) a) Give major reasons which have led to the development of optical amplifiers, outlining the attributes and application areas for these devices. [8] b) Explain with the aid of suitable diagrams, following integrated optical devices: [8] i) Beam splitter ii) Directional coupler [3664]-255 -3-

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