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1997 Course Fluid Machinery & Fluid Power

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Total No. of Questions : 10] P1306 [Total No. of Pages : 3 [3664]-16 B.E. (Mechanical Sandwich) FLUID MACHINERY & FLUID POWER (1997 Course) (402062) Time : 3 Hours] [Max. Marks : 100 Instructions to the candidates : 1) Answer any three questions from each section. 2) Answer to the two sections should be written in separate books. 3) Neat diagrams must be drawn wherever necessary. 4) Figures to the right indicate full marks. 5) Use of electronic pocket calculator is allowed. 6) Assume suitable data, if necessary. SECTION - I Q1) a) b) Q2) a) b) Q3) a) Show that when a jet of water impinges on a series of curved vanes, maximum efficiency is obtained when the vane is semi-circular in section and the velocity of vane is half that of jet. [8] A 2.5 cm diameter jet of water strikes a symmetrical vane tangentially at one end and leaves at the other end. After impingement, the jet gets deflected through 160 by the vane. Calculate the thrust exerted by jet on the vane if the discharge is 0.00736 m3/s. Presume the vane to be smooth. [8] Explain the characteristic features of the cup of a Pelton wheel. What are the limitations in keeping the deflection angle of the cup as 180 ?[6] A Pelton wheel works at the foot of a dam because of which the head available at the nozzle is 220 m. The nozzle diameter is 20 cm and the coefficient of velocity is 0.98. The wheel operates at 250 rev / min and develops 3.75 MW of power. Assuming that the blade outlet angle is 16 and the wheel of jet speed ratio is 0.46, make calculations for the wheel diameter at the pitch circle of the blades, the hydraulic efficiency and the turbine efficiency. [10] Discuss in general the main & operating characteristics of a hydraulic turbine. [6] P.T.O. b) For a Kaplan turbine with runner diameter 4m, the discharge is 60 m3/s and the hydraulic and mechanical efficiencies are stated to be 90% and 94% respectively. The diameter of boss is 0.3 times the runner diameter and the speed ratio is 2. Assuming that discharge is free and there is no swirl at outlet, calculate net available head on the turbine, the power developed and specific speed. [10] Q4) a) Draw a neat sketch of centrifugal pump and explain how it operates.[6] b) The impeller of a centrifugal pump has diameter of 16 cm, width 1.6 cm and vanes bent at 60 to the tangent at outlet. The flow velocity is constant and the pressure increase through the impeller is 70% of the total head generated by the pump. If the pump has to deliver water against a total head of 25 m with manometric efficiency 80%, determine the operating speed in rev / min and the discharge in liters / min. Neglect losses in the impeller and assume radial entry at inlet. [10] Q5) Write short note on the following: [18] a) Centrifugal pumps versus reciprocating pumps. b) Cavitations in hydraulics machines. c) Variable speed characteristics of centrifugal pumps. SECTION - II Q6) a) List and explain in short eight applications of fluid power in the automotive industry. [8] b) What is the difference between static and dynamic seal? [4] c) Name and explain four types of materials used for seals. [4] Q7) a) b) Q8) a) b) [3664] - 16 Explain in detail ways in which directional control valves may be actuated. [8] How can displacement be varied in an axial piston pump? [8] Draw and explain circuit for shaper machine. [8] Why is pneumatic control system termed as low cost automation? [8] 2 Q9) a) b) A pneumatic cylinder is needed to press fit a pin to a hole. Design a circuit diagram with a precondition that while actuating, both the hands of the operator should be engaged. [8] Draw symbols of the following fluid power components: i) Gas charged accumulator. ii) Flow meter. iii) Cylinder with cushion. iv) Pressure reducing valve. v) Pressure relief valve. vi) Pilot operated check valve. vii) Quick exhaust valve. viii) Shuttle valve. [8] Q10)Write short note on the following : [18] a) Unloading valve. b) Sequence valve. c) Pressure Reducing valve. Y [3664] - 16 3

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