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2003 Course Novel Separation Processes (Elective I)

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Total No. of Questions : 12] [Total No. of Pages : 7 P950 [3664]-326 B.E. (Petrochemical Engg.) NOVEL SEPARATION PROCESSES (Elective - I) (2003 Course) Time : 3 Hours] [Max. Marks : 100 Instructions to the candidates: 1) Answer any 3 questions from Section - I and 3 questions from Section - II. 2) Answers to the two sections should be written in separate books. 3) Neat diagrams must be drawn wherever necessary. 4) Figures to the right indicate full marks. 5) Use of logarithmic tables, Mollier charts, electronic pocket calculator and steam tables is allowed. 6) Assume suitable data, if necessary. SECTION - I Q1) Attempt Any Four from the following (Any Three) : [18] a) Compare and contrast on Macroemulsions and Microemulsions with suitable examples. b) Classify membrane separation processes by giving examples. c) Discuss in brief on: adsorptive bubble separation techniques. d) Explain the process principles involved in Froth Flotation. Indicate it s Industrial applications. e) Explain in brief the selection criteria for chemical engineering separation processes. OR Q2) Classify the models for gas separation by membranes. Develop complete mixing model for membrane separation processes. State the assumption made. Discuss the solution strategy for different cases. [18] P.T.O. Q3) a) b) A 9-micron tubular membrane is used to recover salt A from a dilute solution. The solutions to either side are at 0.025 and 0.0045 kmol/m3, with mass transfer coefficients of 3.5 10-5 a nd 2.2 10 -5 m /s respectively. The distribution coefficient is 0.79 and the diffusivity of A in the membrane is 2.9 10-11 m2/s. i) Calculate the percentage of total resistance to mass transfer contributed by the membrane. ii) Calculate the membrane area needed to allow recovery at 0.013 kmol/hr. Flow inside the tube is turbulent and mass transfer follows the Gilliland, Sherwood & Linton correlation. If the velocities of both solutions are doubled, what will the membrane resistance now be? [8] -2 A liquid containing dilute solute A at a concentration 3 10 kgmol/m3 is flowing rapidly by a membrane of thickness, 3 10-5 m. The solute diffuses through the membrane and its concentration on the other side is 0.5 10-2 kgmol/m3. The mass transfer coefficient kcl is large and can be considered as infinite and kc2 = 2.02 10-5 m/s. Data: Distribution coefficient = K' = 1.5 and Diffusivity, DAB = 7 10-11 m2/sec in the membrane. i) Derive the equation to calculate the steady state flux, NA and make a sketch. ii) Calculate the flux and concentration at the membrane interfaces.[8] OR Q4) a) A membrane is to be used to separate a gaseous mixture of A and B in one of the chemical complex near Mumbai. The following information [9] is known : Feed flow rate Feed composition of A Desired composition of reject Thickness of membrane Pressure on feed side Pressure on permeate side Permeability of A, PA = = = = = = = Permeability of B, PB = [3664]-326 2 2 105 cm3 (STP)/s 0.5 mole fraction 0.25 mole fraction 2.5 10-3 cm 100 cm Hg 25 cm Hg 20 l0-10 cm3(STP). cm/(s.cm2.cm. Hg) 10 10 10 cm3(STP). cm/(s.cm2.cm. Hg) b) Assuming complete mixing model, calculate the following: i) The permeate composition ii) The fraction permeated iii) Membrane area Reverse osmosis of salt solution at 25 C is tested with a 5.2 10-3 m2 cellulose acetate membrane. On one side of the membrane is 1 mol NaCl/kg H2O solution at 60 atmospheres (abs.) pressure, on the other is 0.01 mol NaCl/kg H2O at atmospheric pressure. The permeation rate is 96.12 ml/hour. Find the solvent permeability and the rejection rate.[7] Q5) Write short notes on (Any Three) : a) Energy requirement for separation processes. b) Different types of membrane modules. c) Ultrafiltration and Nanofiltration-Principles and applications. d) Diffusion type model for Reverse osmosis. e) PSA and TSA- Principles and applications. [16] OR Q6) a) b) A heart-lung machine uses a 0.175 mm silicone rubber membrane with a permeability of 6.40 10-7 cm3 O2 (STP) mm/s.cm2cmHg. The machine is to supply 35 cm3/min of oxygen to a patient, where the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood is the equivalent of 30 mmHg. The machine is supplied with pure oxygen at 700 mmHg, so gas film resistance can be neglected. If the resistance on the blood side were neglected also, how large would the membrane need to be? [7] Explain in brief the basic process principles involved in Reverse Osmosis. State the industrial applications. [9] SECTION - II Q7) Answer Any Three from the following : [18] a) Differentiate physical and chemical adsorption. b) Name five of the most important commercial adsorbents? What is the distinguishing feature of the molecular-sieve zeolites? c) Suggest one or more types of chromatography to separate each of the following mixture: i) and pinenes ii) Blood serum proteins iii) Hexane Isomers iv) Purification of Cefonicid-a synthetic antibiotic. [3664]-326 3 d) e) Copper ions are removed from aqueous solution by an ion exchange resin. Pilot-scale tests where 94.6 ml/min of solution was passed through a cylindrical bed of resin 0.0254 m in diameter and 0.365 m high gave a breakthrough time of 7.0 minutes, by which time 60% of the bed height had been fully spent. The plant-scale tower is to be 0.91 meters high, with a flow rate of 283.90 ml/min. Find i) New breakthrough time; ii) Diameter required; Assume that zone of resin in transition is to be the same in both towers. A wastewater solution having a volume of 2.5 m3 contains 0.25 kg phenol/m3 of solution. This solution is mixed thoroughly in a batch process with 3 kg of granular activated carbon until equilibrium is reached. Calculate the final equilibrium values and the percent phenol extracted. Equilibrium data: c, kg phenol 0.322 0.117 0.039 0.0061 0.0011 0.009 0.005 m3 solution q, kg phenol 0.150 0.122 0.094 0.059 0.045 0.036 0.030 kg carbon OR Q8) Activated carbon is used to adsorb ethanol vapor from an airstreams. The laboratory experiment to investigate this has a bed 4 cm in diameter and 14 cm high. Exit data for an input of 0.754 liter/second are as follows: [18] Time (hours) 0 3 C/C0 0 0 3.5 4 4.5 0.002 0.030 0.155 5 5.5 6.0 6.2 6.5 6.8 0.396 0.658 0.903 0.946 0.978 0.993 Do as follows: a) Determine breakthrough time if break point is C/C0 = 0.05 b) Calculate the height of a new column of the same diameter that has breakthrough at 8.5 hours. c) Calculate the diameter of this new column if it is to process 3 liter/min. [3664]-326 4 Q9) a) From Darcy s Law, the velocity through a packed bed for a given pressure drop (P) is given by : Pd 2 p u= 1 Where, = Darcy s constant P = Pressure drop dp = Particle diameter l = Length of column = Viscosity of the mobile phase Also, from the analysis of the Van Deemter equation, for a well packed column and for a highly retained solute, it is found that : Hmin = 2.48dp and the velocity at Hmin is equal to 1.62Dm d p Where Dm is the diffusivity of the solute in the mobile phase. From the above information, derive an analytical expression for the maximum efficiency obtainable for a column in terms of these parameters, if the maximum allowable pressure drop is P. [8] b) In gas chromatography, a plot of HETP as a function of the mobile phase velocity is described by the Van Deemter equation: [8] HETP = A + B/u + Cu Physically, what do the terms A, Band C represent? Calculate the optimum value of the mobile phase velocity and the plate height in terms of these parameters. OR Q10)a) Two solutes have a relative retention of = 1.08 and capacity factor, k = 5 and k2 = 5.5. The number of theoretical plates is nearly the same 1 for both the compounds. How many plates are required to give a resolution of 1.5? and of 3? If the plate height is 0.2 mm, how long must the column be for a resolution of 1.5? [6] [3664]-326 5 b) The retention ratio in chromatography is defined as: R = tM/tR = [4] time for solvent to pass through the column time for solvent to pass through the column Show that R is related to the capacity factor, given by equation : R= l/k + 1. c) Define the following terms in connection with chromatographic separations and give appropriate equations: [6] i) Partition coefficient (K) ii) Retention Volume (VR) iii) Retention Ratio (R) iv) Capacity factor (k ) v) Separation factor ( ) vi) Resolution (Rs) Q11)a) You are working as Separation technologist in one of the chemical complex near Mumbai. Your company has been contracted to purify a new peptide mixture, which has been produced by PQR Company. Your research department has optimized the separation on two exiting columns and the production department needs to know which column can operate at the higher volumetric flow rates. Since the stationary phase chemistries are slightly different, each column is operated at different mobile phase mixture so you will need to take this consideration for your calculations [8] Data : Column - I Column - II Mobile Phase 50/50 MeOH/H2O Mobile Phase 70/30 MeOH/H2O by weight by weight dcol = 0.55 cm dcol = 1 cm Lcol = 25 cm Lcol = 50 cm c = 0.4888 c = 0.5330 dp = 10 m dp = 10 m [3664]-326 6 b) Two amino acids, glycine and alanine, were separated by liquid chromatography with the following results : Amino Acid TR, (minutes) W (minutes) Glycine 4.35 0.52 Alanine 5.10 0.64 i) Calculate the resolution of amino acids ii) Calculate the plate number for alanine. iii) What is the minimum plate numbers needed to provide a resolution of 1.5? iv) How do you get this high plate number? [8] OR Q12)Write Short notes on (Any Three) : a) Reactive Separations. b) Ion Exchange Separations. c) Bioseparation. d) Classification of Chromatographic separations. e) Biofiltration-Principles and applications. vvvv [3664]-326 7 [16]

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