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Power Plant Engineering (October 2010)

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Total No. of Questions : 12] P1039 [Total No. of Pages : 4 [3864]-142 B.E. (Mechanical) POWER PLANT ENGINEERING (2003 Course) Time : 3 Hours] [Max. Marks : 100 Instructions to the candidates: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Answer three questions from section-I and three questions from section-II. Answers to the two sections should be written in separate answer-books. Neat diagrams must be drawn wherever necessary. Figures to the right indicate full marks. Use of logarithmic tables, slide rule, Mollier chart, electronic pocket calculator and steam table is allowed. Assume suitable data if necessary. SECTION - I Unit - I Q1) a) Explain the various factors which are to be considered while selecting [4] site of hydroelectric power plant. b) Explain in brief main components of nuclear power plant. [6] c) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power plant. [6] OR Q2) a) Explain with neat sketch the principle of operation of gas turbine power plant. Also give its applications. [8] b) Write short notes on the following : i) ii) [8] Fast breeder reactors. Fissile and fertile materials. Unit - II Q3) a) Describe in brief the pulverized fuel firing system with a neat sketch. What is the difference between unit system and central system? [8] b) Write short notes on the following : i) ii) [8] Cyclone separator. Coal-Oil mixture fuel. P.T.O. OR Q4) a) Write a short note on ash handling system used in thermal power plant.[8] b) What are the various requirements of steam piping system in power plant? Explain the steps involved in designing the steam piping? [8] Unit - III Q5) a) Write a short note on cogeneration. [6] b) A steam power plant equipped with a regenerative and reheat systems is supplied with steam to HP turbine at 8 MPa and 470oC. The part of the steam is extracted at 700 kPa bar for feed water heating and the remaining is reheated to 350oC. It is then expanded in the LP turbine to 3.5 kPa. Determine the following by neglecting feed pump work. [12] i) ii) iii) Power generated by the plant for a steam flow rate of 50kg/s. Mass of steam bled off per hour for feed heating. Efficiency of the plant. Draw the plant schematically and represent the cycle on h-s diagram. OR Q6) a) Draw neat sketch of Loeffler boiler and explain its working. What are its merits and demerits? [8] b) In a Rankine cycle, steam is supplied to a turbine at 50 bar, 400oC and is expanded to a pressure of 0.1 bar. Find the thermal efficiency of the plant if the reheat pressure is 6 bar and the reheated steam temperature is 400oC. [10] SECTION - II Unit - IV Q7) a) Show by analytical method, that for isentropic flow of steam through a convergent divergent nozzle, the velocity of steam at throat reaches the velocity of sound in steam. [6] b) A convergent-divergent nozzle is required to discharge 2kg of steam per second. The nozzle is supplied with steam at 6.9 bar and 180oC and discharge takes place against a back pressure of 0.98 bar. Expansion up to throat is isentropic and the frictional resistance between the throat and exit is equivalent to 62.76 kJ/kg of steam. Taking approach velocity of 75m/sec and throat pressure of 3.9 bar, determine : [12] i) ii) [3864]-142 Suitable areas for throat and exit. Overall efficiency of the nozzle based on the enthalpy drops between the actual inlet and exit condition. 2 OR Q8) a) Compare Jet condenser and surface condenser. b) What are the effects of air leakage in a condenser? [3] [3] c) A surface condenser deals with 13000kg of steam per hour. The leakage of air in the system amounts to 1kg per 2700kg of steam. The vacuum in the air pump suction is 705mm of mercury (barometer pressure 760mm of Hg) and temperature is 34.6oC. Determine the discharging capacity of the wet air pump, which removes air and condensate in m3/min. Assume volumetric efficiency of the pump as 90%. If the air pump is single acting and runs at 60 rpm and piston stroke is 1.25 times the diameter of the pump, find the dimensions of the air pump. [12] Unit - V Q9) a) Derive expression for maximum diagram efficiency for a two row velocity [6] compounded impulse turbine assuming frictionless flow. b) A steam turbine of the De laval type receives steam at a pressure of 10 bar and exhausts it at 1 bar. There are four nozzles, each of which is inclined at 20o to the plane of the wheel. The average peripheral speed of the blades is 250m/sec. Obtain the best angle for the blades, assuming that inlet and outlet angles are the same. What is the power developed by the turbine if the area at the throat of each nozzle is 0.24cm2? [10] OR Q10) a) What are the different methods of governing of steam turbine? Explain any one with neat sketch. [6] b) The outlet angle of the blade of Parson s turbine is 20o and the axial velocity of flow is 0.5 times the mean blade velocity. Draw the velocity diagram for a stage comprising of one fixed and one moving row of blades, given that the mean diameter is 71cm and speed of rotation is 3000rpm. Also find the inlet angle of the blades if the steam is to enter the blade channel without shock. If the blade height is 6.4cm, mean steam pressure is 5.5 bar, steam dry saturated, find the power developed in the stage. [10] [3864]-142 3 Unit - VI Q11) a) A power plant of 180MW installed capacity has the following particulars : [10] Capital cost = Rs.2160/kW installed Interest and depreciation = 12% Annual load factor = 0.6 Annual capacity factor = 0.5 Annual running charges = Rs.36 106 Energy consumed by power plant auxiliaries = 6% Calculate : i) ii) Reserve capacity. The cost of power generation per kWh. b) Explain how the unit energy cost is determined. [3] c) What is the effect of load factor on cost per kWh? [3] OR Q12) a) The incremental fuel costs for two generating units 1 and 2 of a power plant are given by the following equations. [11] d F1 d P1 = 0.07 P1 + 24 d F2 = 0.075P2 + 22 d P2 where F is the fuel cost in rupees per hr and P is the power output in MW. Determine : i) ii) The economic loading of the two units when the total load supplied by the power plants is 180 MW. The loss in fuel cost per hr if the load is equally shared by both units. b) What is load duration curve? Draw typical load curve for residential and industrial load and construct load duration curves. What is average load? [5] xxxx [3864]-142 4

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