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2003 Course Novel Separation Processes (Elective) (II)

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Total No. of Questions : 12] P1372 [Total No. of Pages : 4 [3764]-396 B.E. (Petrochemical) NOVEL SEPARATION PROCESSES (Elective) (2003 Course) Time : 3 Hours] [Max. Marks : 100 Instructions to the candidate: 1) Answer any three questions from each section. 2) Answers to the two sections should be written in separate books. 3) Neat diagrams must be drawn wherever necessary. 4) Figures to the right indicate full marks. 5) Use of logarithmic tables, slide rule, Mollier charts, electronic pocket calculator and steam tables is allowed. 6) Assume suitable data, if necessary. SECTION - I Q1) Attempt the following: a) Classify membrane separation processes by giving examples. b) [18] Discuss in brief on: adsorptive bubble separation techniques. c) Explain in brief the selection criteria for chemical engineering separation processes. OR Q2) Classify the models for gas separation by membranes. Develop cross flow model for membrane separation processes. State the assumption made. Discuss the solution strategy for different cases. [18] Q3) a) A 9-micron tubular membrane is used to recover salt A from a dilute solution. The solutions to either side are at 0.028 and 0.004 kmol/m3, with mass transfer coefficients of 3.5 10 5 and 2.25 10 5 m/s respectively. The distribution coefficient is 0.85 and the diffusivity of A in the membrane is 275 10 11 m2/s. i) Calculate the percentage of total resistance to mass transfer contributed by the membrane. ii) Calculate the membrane area needed to allow recovery at 0.015 kmol/hr. Flow inside the tube is turbulent and mass transfer follows the Gilliland. Sherwood and Linton correlation. If the velocities of both solutions are doubled. What will the membrane resistance now be? [8] P.T.O. 1 b) Q4) a) b) A liquid containing dilute solute A at a concentration 3 10 2 kgmol/m3 is flowing rapidly by a membrane of thickness. 3 10 5m. The solute diffuses through the membrane and its concentration on the other side is 0.55 10 2 kgmol/m3. The mass transfer coefficient kc1 is large and can be considered as infinite and kc2 = 2.22 10 5m/s. Data: Distribution coefficient = K = 1.55 and Diffusivity. DAB = 8 10 11m2/sec in the membrane. i) Derive the equation to calculate the steady state flux. NA and make a sketch. ii) Calculate the flux and concentration at the membrane interfaces.[8] OR A membrane is to be used to separate a gaseous mixture of A and B in one of the chemical complex near Mumbai. The following information is known: Feed flow rate = 3 105 cm3 (STP)/s Feed composition of A = 0.55 mole fraction Desired composition of reject = 0.25 mole fraction Thickness of membrane = 2.55 10 3 cm Pressure on feed side = 100 cm Hg Pressure on permeate Side = 25 cm Hg Permeability of A.PA = 20 10 10cm3(STP).cm/(s.cm2.cm.Hg) Permeability of B, PB = 10 10 10 cm3(STP).cm/(s.cm2.cm.Hg) Assuming complete mixing model, calculate the following i) the permeate composition ii) the fraction permeated iii) membrane area [9] Reverse osmosis of salt solution at 25oC is tested with a 5 10 3m2 cellulose acetate membrane. On one side of the membrane is 1 mol NaCl/kg H2O solution at 60 atmospheres (abs.) pressure, on the other is 0.01 mol NaCl/kg H2O at atmospheric pressure. The permeation rate is 96.12 ml/hour. Find the solvent permeability and the rejection rate. [7] Q5) Write short notes on: [16] a) Energy requirement for separation processes. b) Diffusion type model for Reverse osmosis. c) PSA and TSA - Principles and applications. [3764]-396 2 -2- Q6) a) b) OR A heart-lung machine uses a 0.175 mm silicone rubber membrane with a permeability of 6.40 10 7 cm3O2(STP)mm/s.cm2cmHg. The machine is to supply 35 cm3/min of oxygen to a patient, where the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood is the equivalent of 30 mmHg. The machine is supplied with pure oxygen at 700 mmHg. so gas film resistance can be neglected. If the resistance on the blood side were neglected also, how large would the membrane need to be? [7] Explain in brief the basic process principles involved in Reverse Osmosis. State the industrial applications. [9] SECTION - II Q7) Answer the following: [18] a) Differentiate physical and chemical adsorption. b) Give classification of Chromatographic separations. c) Discuss the concept of retention and equilibrium for chromatography. d) Define Capacity factor and selection factor. OR Q8) Activated carbon is used to adsorb ethanol vapor from an airstreams. Activated carbon is used to adsorb ethanol vapour from an airstreams. The lab. experiment to investigate this has a bed 5 cm in diameter and 15 cm high. Exit data for an input of 0.75 liter/second are as follows: Data: Time 0 3 (hours) C/C 0 a) b) c) Q9) a) b) 4 4.5 5 5.5 6.0 6.2 6.5 6.8 0 0 0.002 0.030 0.155 0.396 0.658 0.903 0.946 0.978 0.993 Determine breakthrough time if break point is at C/C0 = 0.05. Calculate the height of a new column of the same diameter that has breakthrough at 8 hours. Calculate the diameter of this new column if it is to process 5 liter/min. [18] Discuss in brief the process principles involved in Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) and Temperature Swing Adsorption (TSA) with industrial applications. [8] Discuss the process principles involved in elution chromatography and derive the retention equation. [8] OR [3764]-396 3 3.5 -3- Q10)a) b) Two solutes have a relative retention of = 1.08 and capacity factor, k1 = 5 and k2 = 5.5. The number of theoretical plates is nearly the same for both the compounds. How many plates are required to give a resolution of 1.5? and of 3? If the plate height is 0.2 mm, how long must the column be for a resolution of 1.5? [8] The retention ratio in chromatography is defined as: R = tM/tR Show that R is related to the capacity factor, given by equation. R = l/k+1 [8] Q11)a) Define the following terms in connection with chromatographic separations and give appropriate equations: [8] i) Retention Ratio (R) ii) Capacity factor (k) iii) Separation factor ( ) iv) Resolution (Rs). b) Two amino acids, glycine and alanine, were separated by liquid chromatography with the following results: TR, (minutes) W (minutes) Glycine 4.3 0.5 Alanine 5.0 0.6 Amino Acid i) Calculate the resolution of amino acids. ii) Calculate the plate number for alanine. iii) What is the minimum plate numbers needed to provide a resolution of 1.5 ? iv) How do you get this high plate number? [8] OR Q12)Write short notes on: [16] a) b) c) d) Reactive Separations. Parametric Pumping. Bioseparation. Isoelectric Focusing. [3764]-396 4 -4-

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