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2003 Course Fiber Optic Instrumentation

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Total No. of Questions : 12] P1519 [Total No. of Pages : 3 [3764] - 294 B.E. (Instru.) FIBER OPTIC INSTRUMENTATION (2003 Course) Time : 3 Hours] [Max. Marks : 100 Instructions to the candidates: 1) Answer three questions from Section -I and three questions from Section -II. 2) Answers to the two sections should be written in separate books. 3) 4) Neat diagrams must be drawn wherever necessary. Assume suitable data, if necessary. SECTION - I 1) a) b) 2 ) a) b) With the aid of simple ray diagram, describe: i) Multimode step index fiber. ii) Single-mode step index fiber. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of these. [8] A silica optical fiber with a core diameter enough to be considered by ray theory analysis has a core refractive index of 1.49 and a cladding refractive index 1.40. Determine the critical angle at the core-cladding interface, numerical aperture for the fiber and the acceptance angle in air for the fiber. [9] OR Describe the mechanism for the transmission of light within the optical fiber using simple ray theory. Briefly discuss with the aid of a suitable diagram what is meant by the acceptance angle for an optical fiber. Show how this is related to the fiber numerical aperture and the refractive indices for the fiber core and cladding. [9] Describe with the aid of suitable diagrams, the following concepts in optical fiber transmission: (any two) [8] i) Evanescent field. ii) Goos-Haenchen shift. iii) Mode coupling. P.T.O. 3 ) a) b) 4 ) a) b) 5) a ) b) 6 ) a) b) 7 ) a) b) 8) ) b) 9) ) b) [3764] - Explain Microbending and Macrobending in optical fiber. Also explain what is meant by the critical bending radius for an optical fiber. [9] Describe various attenuation mechanisms in optical fiber transmission in detail. [8] OR What are the reasons for pulse broadening in optical fiber. [8] Write a note on Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR). Also describe the role of OTDR in distributed optical fiber sensing. [9] Describe three types of fiber misalignments, which may contribute to insertion loss at an optical fiber joint. [8] With the aid of suitable diagrams, discuss the principles of operation of the injection laser [8] OR Explain detection process in p-n photodiode. Compare this device with the p-i-n photodiode. [8] Describe with the aid of suitable diagrams the mechanism giving the emission of light from the LED. What are the advantages and drawbacks of the LED in comparison with the injection laser for use as a source in optical fiber sensing? [8] Write short note on Encoding-based Position Sensors . [8] Enlist the characteristics of the light, which may be monitored in sensing applications. What are the advantages and drawbacks of Optical Fiber Sensors. [8] OR What are the advantages of Intensity Modulated Optical Sensors? Describe one technique of sensing which is based on intensity modulation. Also enlist various parameters, which can be sensed by using this technique. [8] What do you understand by intrinsic and extrinsic Optical Fiber Sensors? With the aid of suitable diagrams describe one intrinsic Optical Fiber Sensor. How do you calibrate this sensor? [8] Write a note on Fiber Grating Manufacturing . [9] Explain working of Fiber Bragg Grating. Also explain one optical fiber sensor in which Fiber Bragg Grating is used. [9] OR 294 -2- 1 0) ) b) 11) ) b) 12) ) b) What are the advantages of Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing? Explain Distributed Optical Fiber temperature Sensing. What are limitations of this type of sensing? [10] Explain different performance parameters, which characterize any Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing. [8] Give major reasons which have led to the development of optical amplifiers, outlining the attributes and application areas for these devices. [8] Explain with the aid of suitable diagrams, following integrated optical devices: i) Beam splitter. ii) Directional coupler. [8] OR Sketch the major elements of a fiber amplifier and describe the operation of the device. Indicate the benefits of fiber amplifier technology in comparison with that associated with silicon laser amplifiers (SLAs). [10] [6] Write a note on Integrated Optics . ***** [3764] - 294 -3-

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