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ICSE Class X Question Bank 2025 :

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PART I : MAP WORK CHAPTER-1 INTERPRETATION OF TOPOGRAPHICAL MAPS Revision Notes The term Topography is derived from two Greek words topos meaning a place and grapho meaning to draw . Topographical map is also known as Ordinance Survey Sheet. They are also called as the topo sheets or the topo maps. The Topographical sheets in India are prepared by the government department called the Survey of India. A Topographic map is a detailed and accurate graphic representation of cultural and natural features that appear on the earth s surface. Topographic maps have multiple uses in the present day like in geographical planning or large-scale architecture, earth sciences and many other geographical disciplines, used by professionals like soldiers and scientists, etc. Topographical maps are usually drawn on large-scale showing details of natural and man-made features, such as mountains, hills, rivers, villages, roads, bridges, etc. Grid lines are imaginary network of equidistant lines used on a Topographical map. They are drawn and shown in red colour. A Grid Reference helps in finding the exact location of a place in a map through a set of lines called the Easting and the Northing. Lines extending from north to south on a map are called Eastings. Easting that lies to the left of the object is to be read. Eastings increase numerically eastward. Lines extending from east to west on a map are called Northings. Northing that lies below the object is to be read. Northings increase numerically Northward. These lines have been named as the Eastings and the Northings because they indicate distances Eastward and Northward respectively from the point of origin. These lines are numbered. The Easting numbers are to be quoted first and then the Northing numbers. The points at which the vertical and the horizontal lines of grid cross are called Coordinates. The squares enclosed by the network of grid lines are called as Grid Squares. There are two types of grid references- Four-figure grid reference and Six-figure grid reference. The four-figure grid references are applied to locate large areas like lakes, relief features, etc. while the six-figure grid references are applied to locate the exact position of a particular place or feature like police station, spot heights, wells, causeways, temples, etc. Steps to find Grid References: When giving a grid reference, give the Eastings number first and the Northings number second, similar to the giving reading of a graph, where the x axis coordinates are given first followed by the y . Four-figure grid reference: Example: Find four-figure grid reference of the shaded square box in the given grid square. (i) In the given grid square, first locate the easting number of the shaded box, which is 57.

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