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ICSE Notes 2016 : Merchant Of Venice Mythological References

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Darshan Deshpande
Hiranandani Foundation School (HFS), Powai, Mumbai

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MERCHANT OF VENICE REFERENCES Janus A Roman two faced god of doors. One of his face was a smiling one while the other was a frowning one. One of his head was looking outwards while the other was looking inwards. Nestor An old and wise Greek general. He was a serious personality and if he laughed at any joke, it would be an extremely funny one. Oracle The Oracle is said to be the voice of Gods uttered by priests. Jason Jason was a Greek hero. He along with his companions (Argonauts) voyaged to Colchos in search for the golden fleece which had been tied to a tree by a local ruler and was guarded by a dragon. Jason managed to defeat the dragon and win the fleece. Sibylla She was a prophetess in Roman mythology. She was granted as many years of life as the number of sand grains she held in her hand. Diana Goddess of virginity, hunting and the moon. She fell in love with the beautiful Endymion and came down from heaven every night to live with him. Jacob and uncle Leban s sheep Jacob was third in the line heirs to family estate. Jacob s mother played a trick to make Jacob, Issac s(2nd in the line of heirs) heir. An agreement was made between Jacob and his uncle that he would receive all the spotted and striped sheep for his services. Jacob placed wooden rods in such a position that their shadows would fall on the sheep. This is how he influenced the sheep and all sheep were born striped or spotted. Phobeus Classical God of the sun. Hercules/Aclides Hercules was a demigod who had super strength. Hercules rescued Hesione, unmarried daughter of the Trojan King from being sacrificed to a sea monster. He did this not out of love but out of desire for the reward horses. Fate sisters The fate sisters could see the fate or destiny of a man. Black Monday Monday following Easter. On this day, Edward (III) s army was caught in the black fog and cold outside Paris. Many soldiers froze to death on this day. Ash Wednesday The first day of lent. On this day, people put ashes on their forehead to remind that they come from the dust and will return to the dust. Hagar The despised Jews were supposed to have been descendant from Hagar, the slave woman, maid to Abraham s wife, Sarah. Shylock refers to Launcelot as a descendant of Hagar. Venus Venus is the classical goddess of love. It is said that, Doves of Venus quickly seal love promises made by new lovers. Cupid Cupid is the God of Love. Mars Mars is the god of war. Dardanian wives Trojan women (descendants of Dardanus, who founded Troy). It is said that the Dardanian wives had tear stained faces during the sacrifice of Hesione to the sea monster. Midas A wealthy king in Greek mythology who desired that all things that he touched should turn to gold. Due to this even his food and daughter turned to gold. He asked Dionysus to take the curse back and he did. Pythagoras A Greek philosopher who believed that the souls of men and animals appeared several times on Earth, assuming sometimes higher and sometimes lower form of life. Daniel A great Jewish character in the Bible who was known for his wisdom and judgment. During a skillful cross examination, he demonstrated that Susana who had been falsely accused by the two Elders was innocent. Barrabas A notorious criminal. Pilate, the king of the Jews asked the mob whom he should set free. The mob said that Barrabas should be set free and Jesus Christ should be crucified. Troilus and Cressida Troilus was the son of the king of Troy. Troilus and Cressida were lovers and had exchanged vows for eternal fidelity. However, due to siege of Troy, Cressida was handed over to the Greeks in exchange of prisoners. Cressida vowed to remain constant but soon fell in love with Diomed. This is how Cressida became a symbol of unfaithful lovers. Thisbe and Pyramus Thisbe was a Babylonian maid. She and her lover Pyramus were forbidden to meet by their parents. One day they arranged to meet in the forest. Thisbe saw a lion and fled, leaving her cloak behind. Pyramus saw the cloak and thought that Thisbe was dead and so he killed himself. Thisbe returned after sometime only to see her lover dead and so she too killed herself. This is how they became a symbol for faithful lovers. Dido and Aeneas Aeneas was a Trojan warrior who founded the city of Rome. During his voyages he reached Carthage where he loved Queen Dido. After a long time, Aeneas left Carthage, leaving Cressida heartbroken. She killed herself out of grief. Medea and old Aeson Medea, Jason s wife helped Jason to win the golden fleece. Besides she gathered herbs of magical properties by night and administered them to her aged father-in-law Aeson to restore his youth. Elizabethans believed that some herbs had magical properties if collected at night. Ovid and Orpheus Ovid was a Roman poet who narrated how Orpheus, a Greek musician made trees, stones, streams move from place to place by the power of his music. Erebus In classic mythology, the home of the dead, area of darkness near hell. ----------------------------------------------------xxx------------------------------------------------------------

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