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Chapter 4.3 - Cogeneration, Turbines (Gas, Steam)

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3. ENERGY PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF COGENERATION SYSTEMS WITH STEAM AND GAS TURBINES 3.1 Introduction Cogeneration systems can be broadly classified as those using steam turbines, Gas turbines and DG sets. Steam turbine cogeneration systems involve different types of configurations with respect to mode of power generation such as extraction, back pressure or a combination of backpressure, extraction and condensing. Gas turbines with heat recovery steam generators is another mode of cogeneration. Depending on power and steam load variations in the plant the entire system is dynamic. A performance assessment would yield valuable insights into cogeneration system performance and need for further optimization. 3.2 Purpose of the Performance Test The purpose of the cogeneration plant performance test is to determine the power output and plant heat rate. In certain cases, the efficiency of individual components like steam turbine is addressed specifically where performance deterioration is suspected. In general, the plant performance will be compared with the base line values arrived at for the plant operating condition rather than the design values. The other purpose of the performance test is to show the maintenance accomplishment after a major overhaul. In some cases the purpose of evaluation could even be for a total plant revamp. 3.3 Performance Terms and Definitions Overall Plant Performance 1. Overall plant heat rate, kCal/kWh = Mass flow rate of steam x ( Enthalpy of steam, kCal / kg Enthalpy of feed water , kCal / kg ) Power output , kW 2. Overall plant fuel rate kg/kWh = Fuel consumption* in kg/hr Power output,kW *Total fuel consumption for turbine and steam Bureau of Energy Efficiency 46

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Chapter 4.3 - Cogeneration, Turbines (Gas, Steam)
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