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Class 10 CBSE 10th Board 2017 : French

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CBSE Sample Paper-01 (solved) SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT II SCIENCE (Theory) Class X (Solutions) SECTION-A 1. 2. Carbon dioxide 3. 4. Grass Rabbit Snake Hawk f = +3 m, u = 5 m 5. 6. 7. 8. 1 1 1 = + f v u 1 1 1 1 1 8 = = + = v 3 ( 5) 3 5 15 1 1 1 = v f u v= 15 = 1.875 m = 1.9 m 8 v is positive. Image is therefore virtual. Light should move from denser to rarer medium and the incident angle should be more than critical angle. Examples: (a) Fibre optic communication, (b) Totally reflecting prism It is due to increase in number of protons and electrons successively in the same shell due to which force of attraction between valence electrons and nucleus increases, therefore atomic size decreases. Near point of hypermetropic person is 75 cm. So focusing for objects closer than 75 cm is not possible. The person is far-sighted and so can be corrected by convex lens of proper focal length. u = 25 cm, v = 75 cm 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 + 3 2 Using = , we get = + = = f v u f 75 25 75 75 75 =37.5 cm f = 2 200 Power of lens = P = = 2.67 D 75 (a) With age, the power of accommodation of our eye decreases. Generally the near point moves away. This makes the person not to read clearly, the nearby objects. This defect is called Presbyopia. Material downloaded from http://myCBSEguide.com and http://onlineteachers.co.in Portal for CBSE Notes, Test Papers, Sample Papers, Tips and Tricks 9. (b) Inability of the eye is focusing the horizontal and vertical lines at the same time is called Astigmatism. There is distortion or blurred image formation of any one line. Astigmatism is caused due to different curvature of eye lens in two perpendicular lines. It can be corrected by using cylindrical lens. (a) Here, the rays coming from the sum are coming parallel to the principal axis of the concave mirror, so it will focus the image on its principal focus. Hence the separation between the concave mirror and the paper sheet will be equal to the focal length of the concave mirror. (b) Values shown by Anil are: (i) Togetherness, (ii) Friendship, (iii) Positive attitude (c) Necessary ray diagram: 10. Consider a convex mirror XPY. From OAP and PIB, we get, From MBF and BIF, we get, From eq. (i) and (ii), we get, Dividing by uvf , we get, MP f = IB f v u f = v f v 1 1 1 = v f u Applying sign convention, 1 1 1 = f v ( u ) OA u = IB v ..(i) ..(ii) uf uv = vf 1 1 1 = f v u 1 1 1 = + f v u 11. Ionization energy is the energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an isolated gaseous atom. A will be above B in a group because ionization energy decreases down a group. A will on the right side of B because ionization energy increases along a period from left to right. 12. He left some gaps for the discovery of undiscovered elements. He could predict the properties of undiscovered elements i.e. properties of element Eka-aluminium predicted were similar to the new element Gallium . Material downloaded from http://myCBSEguide.com and http://onlineteachers.co.in Portal for CBSE Notes, Test Papers, Sample Papers, Tips and Tricks Property 13. 14. 15. 16. Eka-aluminium Gallium (Predicted) (Actual) Atomic mass 68 69.7 Formula of oxide E2O3 Ga2O3 Formula of chloride ECl3 GaCl3 (a) Fertilization is defined as the fusion of a male gamete (sperm) with a female gamete (an ovum or egg) to form a zygote during sexual reproduction. Difference between External fertilization and Internal fertilization External Fertilization Internal Fertilization (i) The fusion of male gamete (sperm) and (i) The fusion of gametes occurs inside female gamete (ovum) occurs outside the body. the body. (ii) Both individuals discharge their (ii) Only the male discharges sperms into gamete outside the body. female genital tract. (iii) Development occurs outside the body. (iii) Development occurs inside the body. (iv) Example : Frog (iv) Examples : Humans, Birds, Cattle etc. (b) The site of fertilization in human beings is in the fallopian tube of female reproductive system. Unisexual is the plant whose flowers contain either stamens or carpels but not both. Example: Papaya, Water melon Bisexual is the plant whose flowers contain both stamens and carpels. Examples: Hibiscus, Mustard Evolution is the sequence of gradual changes which take place in the primitive organisms over millions of years and new species are produced. Since the evolution is of the living organisms, so it is called Organic Evolution . Darwin s theory of evolution: Charles Robert Darwin gave the theory of evolution in his famous book The Origin of Species . The theory of evolution proposed by Darwin is known as The Theory of Natural Selection . It is also called Darwinitism . According to Darwin s theory of evolution, (i) There is natural variation within any population and some individuals have more favourable variations than others. (ii) Population remains fairly constant even though all species produce a large number of offsprings. (iii) This is due ot competition or struggle for existence between same and different species. (iv) The struggle for survival within population eliminates the unfit individuals and those with favourable variations survive and pass on these variations to their progeny to continue. This is called natural selection. (v) The favourable variations are accumulated over a long time period leading to the origin of a new species. Fossils are all the preserved traces or remains of living organisms of geological past. When organisms die, their dead bodies decompose and get lost. But some part of the body may be in the environment that does not let it decompose. Material downloaded from http://myCBSEguide.com and http://onlineteachers.co.in Portal for CBSE Notes, Test Papers, Sample Papers, Tips and Tricks Example, a dead insect will not decompose in hot mud. It will harden and retain the impression of the insect body parts and thus preserved as fossils. Evolution can be worked out by the study of not only living species but also fossils. 17. The three ways to maintain a balance between environment and development to survive are as follows: (i) Forest resources should be used in an environmentally and developmentally sound manner. (ii) The benefits of controlled exploitation of resources go to the people and the environment is also preserved. (iii) If the exploitation is too high, economic and social development will be faster but the environment will further deteriorate. We should use natural resources cautiously so that economic growth and ecological conservation go hand in hand. 18. (a) Environment pollution is an undesirable change in the physical, chemical or biological characteristics of the natural environment brought about by man s activities. This pollution may affect the soil, rivers, seas or the atmosphere. (b) Differences: Biodegradable Pollutants Non-biodegradable Pollutants (i) These pollutants can be broken down (i) These pollutants cannot be broken into non-poisonous substance in nature down into non-poisonous substance in by the action of micro-organisms. nature by the action of microorganisms. (ii) They get recycled thus do not need any (ii) They cannot be recycled thus require dumping sites. any dumping sites. (iii) These are obtained from living things. (iii) These are obtained from non-living things. (iv) They cause minimum environmental (iv) They cause environmental pollution. pollution. (a) Biodegradable pollutants are sewage and agricultural waste. 19. (a) It is process in which organic substance is oxidized slowly in absence of air and in presence of enzymes. Invertase C12 H 22 O11 + H 2O C6 H12O6 + C6 H12O6 Sucrose (b) Yeast contains enzymes, invertase and zymase. 2C2 H5ONa + H 2 (c) (i) 2C2 H5OH + 2Na Conc. H 2SO4 CH3COOC2 H5 + H 2O (ii) CH3COOH + C2 H5OH CrO 3 (iii) CH 3CH 2 OH CH 3CHO + H 2 O CH 3COOH Or CH 2 = CH 2 + H 2 O CH3CH 2OH H3PO4 B A burns with blue flame. A Material downloaded from http://myCBSEguide.com and http://onlineteachers.co.in Portal for CBSE Notes, Test Papers, Sample Papers, Tips and Tricks C2 H5OH + 3O2 2CO2 + 3H 2O K 2 Cr2 O 7 CH 3CH 2 OH CH 3COOH H SO 2 4 C C turns blue litmus red because it is acid. 20. (a) The process is called fermentation. The smell is of ethanol. (b) Distillation. (c) It is used in cough syrups and tonics. Or A is methanol ( CH3OH ) as it obtained from wood-tar distillation. It burns with blue flame. 2CH3OH ( l ) + 3O2 ( g ) 2CO2 ( g ) + 4H 2 O ( l ) It is soluble in water. It is used as fuel and solvent. 2CH3OH + 2Na 2CH3ONa + H 2 ( g ) Conc. H 2SO4 CH3COOH + CH3OH H 2O + CH3COOCH3 B B is methyl ethanoate. 21. The fusion of one male gamete with egg to form embryo and other male gamete with two polar nuclei to form endosperm is called double fertilization. After fertilization (i) ovary develops into the fruit and (ii) ovules develop into the seeds. Fertilization in flowering plant Or The events that would take place in a flower from the time the pollen grains of the same species fall on the stigma up to the completion of fertilization are as follows: (i) The pollen grains deposited on the stigma are held by the sticky secretion of stigma and start their germination. (ii) A short cytoplasmic outgrowth called germ tube emerges through a germ pore and continues to grow as a pollen tube. (iii) The vegetative nucleus first move to the tip of the tube followed by the generative nucleus. (iv) The pollen tube secretes enzymes that hydrolyse the reserved food materials in the tissues of stgma and style and utilize them. Material downloaded from http://myCBSEguide.com and http://onlineteachers.co.in Portal for CBSE Notes, Test Papers, Sample Papers, Tips and Tricks (v) The generative nucleus divides mitotically into two male nuclei. (vi) The pollen tube enters the ovule through the micropyle and discharges the two male gametes into the embryo sac. (vii) One of the male gametes fuses with the egg nucleus to form a zygote and the other fuses with the secondary nucleus (triple fusion) primary endosperm nucleus; the two fusions are termed as double fertilization. 22. Two reasons for avoiding frequent pregnancies by women are: (i) It adversely affects the health of a woman. (ii) It also adds to the exploding population. Method of Contraception: (i) Barrier methods: In this method, physical devices such as condoms, diaphragms and cervical caps are used. These devices prevent the entry of sperm in the female genital tract during copulation, thus acting as a barrier between them. (ii) Chemical method: In this method, specific drugs are used by females which are of two types oral pills and vaginal pills. Oral pills contain hormones which stop the ovaries from releasing ovum into the fallopian tube. These pills are also called oral contraceptives (OCs). The use of Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices (IUCDs) prevents implantation in the uterus. This device is a copper-Y, placed safely inside the uterus by a doctor or nurse. (iii) Surgical method: In this method, a small portion of vas deferens in male and the fallopian tube in female is surgically removed or tied. It is called vasectomy in males and tubectomy in females. Or Types of Reproduction: There are two main methods in which organisms give rise to new individuals: (i) Asexual Reproduction: It is the process of producing new organism from a single parent without the involvement of sex cells or gametes. Examples: Binary fission in Amoeba. Budding in Hydra. Spore formation in Rhizopus fungus. Regeneration in Planaria.. (ii) Sexual Reproduction: It is the process of producing new organism from two parents by making use of their sex cells or gametes. Examples: Humans, fish, frogs, cats, dogs and most flowering plants. Material downloaded from http://myCBSEguide.com and http://onlineteachers.co.in Portal for CBSE Notes, Test Papers, Sample Papers, Tips and Tricks 23. (a) 1 1 1 = + f v u where f = focal length of spherical mirror, v = image distance and u = object distance This relation is called mirror equation. (b) For a concave mirror, f = 15 cm, u = 10 cm, v =? From mirror equation, 1 1 1 = + f v u 1 1 1 = v f u 1 1 1 1 1 10 + 15 1 v = +30 cm = = + = =+ v 15 10 15 10 150 30 v +30 Also, Magnification ( m ) = =3 = u 10 Hence the image is formed at a distance of 30 cm behind the mirror. Nature of image : Virtual, erect Size of image : Magnified i.e. thrice the size of object. (c) Position of object: Between the pole and focus. Mirror : Concave Position of image : Behind the mirror Nature of image: Virtual, enlarged and erect. Or Material downloaded from http://myCBSEguide.com and http://onlineteachers.co.in Portal for CBSE Notes, Test Papers, Sample Papers, Tips and Tricks (a) (i) Myopia: Short-sightedness is caused due to excessive curvature in cornea or elongation of eye ball. Image falls short of the retina. (ii) Astigmation: The inability to focus the light in both vertical and horizontal lines is called astigmatism. It is caused due to varying curvature in lens horizontally and vertically. It is corrected using cylindrical lens. (iii) Bi-focal lenses: Used to correct presbyopic eye. It contains a lens with upper concave and lower convex lens. This problem appears with age. (iv) Far-sightedness: Caused due to greater focal length and/or eye-ball becoming smaller. Image falls beyond the retina and can be corrected by using a convex lens. (b) 24. (a) Short sightedness (myopia) (d) (e) Concave lens Or Myopia or Short sightedness: Inability of the eye in viewing long distance objects. The image in this case falls before the retina. For every myopic eye, there exists a far point beyond which clear image cannot be seen. Short sightedness is caused due to: (i) Excessive curvature in cornea (or) (ii) Elongation of eye-ball The short sightedness is corrected by using a concave lens which diverges and shifts the image to the retina. Section B 25. (a) H2, CO2, CO2 Material downloaded from http://myCBSEguide.com and http://onlineteachers.co.in Portal for CBSE Notes, Test Papers, Sample Papers, Tips and Tricks 2CH3COONa + H 2O + H 2 ( g ) (b) 2CH3COOH + 2Na 2CH 3COOH + Na 2 CO 2 2CH 3COONa + H 2 O + CO 2 CH 3COOH + NaHCO 2 CH 3COONa + H 2 O + CO 2 26. (a) III (b) Because yeast cells are usually oval or spherical in shape. 27. (a) He will have to shift the mirror either towards or away from the screen depending upon the position of the object. (b) Because concave mirror forms image based on the position of the object. 28. (b) 29. (a) 30. (c) 31. (b) 32. (d) 33. (c) 34. (c) 35. (a) 36. (a) Material downloaded from http://myCBSEguide.com and http://onlineteachers.co.in Portal for CBSE Notes, Test Papers, Sample Papers, Tips and Tricks

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