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COMMERCIAL STUDIES (63) Aims: 1. To enable students to develop a perceptive, sensitive and critical response to the role of business in a global, national and local context. 4. To help develop a co-operative attitude through study of the organisation and participation associated with commerce and industry. 2. To allow students to balance the demands of social parameters with individual aspirations. 5. 3. To develop in students an appreciation for the roles of the entrepreneur and the professional manager. To provide an appropriate body of knowledge and understanding, and to develop appropriate skills as a basis for further study or work or both. CLASS IX There will be one written paper of two hours duration carrying 80 marks and Internal Assessment of 20 marks. (d) Ownership structures organization of commercial Sole proprietorship, partnership, Hindu undivided family business, joint stock company, co-operative society, public sector enterprise. (Brief introduction to each ownership structure and its features only. Types, comparison between different ownership structures and their merits and demerits need not be covered). The paper will be divided into two sections A and B. Section A (Compulsory) will consist of questions requiring short answers and will cover the entire syllabus. Section B will consist of questions, which will require detailed answers. There will be a choice and candidates will be required to answer four questions from this section. 2. Understanding the functions of a commercial organization. 1. Introduction to commercial organization. The following topics should be studied as departments in a typical firm only: (a) Human activities Meaning and types Economic and noneconomic activities classification of economic activities business, profession and employment. Comparison between economic and non-economic activities. (a) Marketing and Sales. (b) Finance and Accounting. (c) Human Resources (personnel, training). (d) Production. (b) Business activities Meaning and characteristics. Types of business activities industry classification of industries on the basis of products. Commerce types of commerce trade and aids to trade. Brief description on various types of trade and aids to trade. Inter relationship between industry, commerce and trade needs to be covered. (e) Purchasing and Stores. (f) General Administration and Legal. Students should be explained the concepts and functioning of - Purchasing and Stores, Production, Marketing and Sales, Finance (manual and computerized accounting system in business organizations). Human Resources (personnel, training), & General Administration and Legal departments, affecting the organisation all through. All the six terms need to be clearly defined and their specific features explained (c) Non-profit seeking organizations Meaning and types, comparison between profit seeking and non-profit seeking organisations. 123
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