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UGC NET JUN 2007 : PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PAPER II

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Signature and Name of Invigilator Answer Sheet No. : ................................................ (To be filled by the Candidate) 1. (Signature) Roll No. (Name) (In figures as per admission card) Roll No. 2. (Signature) (In words) (Name) Test Booklet No. J 1 4 0 7 PAPER II PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Time : 1 hours] Number of Pages in this Booklet : 24 [Maximum Marks : 100 Number of Questions in this Booklet : 50 U Instructions for the Candidates 1. Write your roll number in the space provided on the top of this page. 1. U DU U S U U U U 2. This paper consists of fifty multiple-choice type of questions. 3. U U U, - S U U U 3. At the commencement of examination, the question booklet will be given to you. In the first 5 minutes, you are requested to open the booklet and compulsorily examine it as below : (i) 2. - - S U (i) - S U U U U S U U- U S S U U (ii) To have access to the Question Booklet, tear off the paper seal on the edge of this cover page. Do not accept a booklet without sticker-seal and do not accept an open booklet. U DU U U U - S DU U U U U U U S DU / U U U U U S S U U U U U S U U - S U U - S U UQ (ii) (iii) 4. Tally the number of pages and number of questions in the booklet with the information printed on the cover page. Faulty booklets due to pages/questions missing or duplicate or not in serial order or any other discrepancy should be got replaced immediately by a correct booklet from the invigilator within the period of 5 minutes. Afterwards, neither the question booklet will be replaced nor any extra time will be given. After this verification is over, the Serial No. of the booklet should be entered in the Answer-sheets and the Serial No. of Answer Sheet should be entered on this Booklet. (iii) - S R U- U Each item has four alternative responses marked (A), (B), (C) and (D). You have to darken the oval as indicated below on the correct response against each item. 4. U U (A), (B), (C) (D) Example : A B C U U U U- R - S U U U U U U U D where (C) is the correct response. 5. Read instructions given inside carefully. 7. Rough Work is to be done in the end of this booklet. 8. If you write your name or put any mark on any part of the test booklet, except for the space allotted for the relevant entries, which may disclose your identity, you will render yourself liable to disqualification. 9. C D U U U S U U U , U 6. U U 7. (Rough Work) S DU U U 8. U- S U , U U U U 9. U # U U- S U U U U U # U U U You have to return the test question booklet to the invigilators at the end of the examination compulsorily and must not carry it with you outside the Examination Hall. / U Z U S U U ( U U) U U 12. U U 10. 10. Use only Blue/Black Ball point pen. 11. 11. Use of any calculator or log table etc., is prohibited. 12. There is NO negative marking. J 1407 B 5. U U I U U- U Your responses to the items are to be indicated in the Answer Sheet given inside the Paper I booklet only. If you mark at any place other than in the ovals in the Answer Sheet, it will not be evaluated. 6. A ( C) U 1 P.T.O. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PAPER II Note : This paper contains fifty (50) multiple-choice questions, each question carrying two (2) marks. Attempt all of them. 1. Which of the following is incorrect ? (A) Towards a new public administration and Minnowbrook perspective : Frank Marini (B) Public Administration in a time of Turbulence : Dwight Waldo (C) A Study of Public Administration : L. D. White (D) Approaches to Public Administration : Elton Mayo 2. According to Paul Appleby the best quality of a good administrator is: (A) Intelligence (B) Loyalty (C) Integrity (D) Self-Confidence 3. How many channels of control are mentioned by Henry Fayol? (A) Four (B) Two (C) Three 4. Which of the following are British legacies? (1) District Administration (2) (3) Planning commission (4) (A) 1 & 4 (B) 1 & 2 (D) Five Ministerial responsibility Civil service (C) 3 & 4 (D) All of the above 5. Kothari Committee 1976 has made suggestions for : (A) Educational Reforms (B) Political Reforms (C) Training Reforms (D) Recruitment Reforms 6. Which of the following politicians and civil servants is not correctly related ? (A) T.T. Krishnamachari H.M. Patel (B) Gulzari Lal Nanda L.P. Singh (C) K. Hanumanthaiya B.C. Ganguli (D) Rajiv Gandhi R.S. Talwar 7. The creator of Zero-Based Budgeting is : (A) U.S defence department (B) (C) Peter A. Phyrr (D) 8. Hoover Commission Guy Peters Which state first established the Lok Adalats? (A) Orissa (B) Rajasthan (C) J 1407 2 Gujarat (D) Maharastra II U (50) - (2) U 1. ? (A) S (B) (C) S S . . (D) 2. S S (A) 3. (B) (C) D (D) (D) (D) (D) (A) 4. h (B) (C) 1. 2. 3. 4. (A) 5. (B) 1 2 (C) 3 4 1976 (A) 6. 1 4 (B) (C) M (A) (B) - . . (C) 7. . c - . . - . . (D) - . . (A) (B) (C) 8. . . . (D) S Z (A) J 1407 (B) (C) S 3 (D) C P.T.O. 9. Which one of the following is the most effective means of Executive control of the administration ? (A) Appointment and removal of top officials (B) Subordinate legislation (C) Financial Administration (D) Political Direction 10. Which of the following is incorrect ? (A) Montagu - Chelmsford Reforms (B) Kothari Committee (C) Administrative Reform commission (D) West Bengal Document on CentreState relations - 1939 1976 1966-70 1977 11. Establishment officer of the Government of India reports directly to: (A) Cabinet Secretary (B) Chief Secretary (C) Home Secretary (D) Finance Secretary 12. Who among the following is the head of the Indian Government? (A) The President (B) The Prime Minister (C) Both A & B (D) None 13. Consider the following statement about civil service in a developing society (1) It should act as an agent of change (2) It should have a concern for societal equity (3) It should have a concern for vested interests (4) It should be politically neutral Which of the above are correct? Choose the correct answer from the codes given below: (A) 1 & 2 (B) 1, 2 & 3 (C) 1, 2 & 4 (D) 2, 3 & 4 14. Which one is not the form of organisation of public undertaking in India ? (A) Commission (B) Department (C) Statutory Corporation (D) Holding Company 15. Budget is an instrument of control by: (A) The Judiciary (B) (C) The Government (D) 16. Which one of the following is not a measure of central tendency ? (A) Correlation (B) Mean (C) Mode 17. The Legislature The Executive (D) Which one of the following is not a part of Panchayati Raj? (A) Zilla Parishad (B) Town Area Committee (C) Gram Sabha (D) Panchayat Samiti J 1407 4 Median 9. (A) (B) S (C) (D) 10. Q - c ? (A) (B) - 1976 (C) -1966 - 70 (D) 11. - -1939 - - 1977 S (A) (B) (C) 12. (D) ? (A) 13. C (B) (C) (D) (D) 2, 3 4 (D) (C) (D) (C) 1. M 2. 3. S Z 4. S , (A) 14. 1 2 (B) 1, 2 3 (C) 1, 2 4 R M ? (A) (B) (C) 15. S K (D) ? (A) 16. (B) (C) S (Measure) (A) 17. (B) S (A) J 1407 (B) 5 (D) P.T.O. 18. According to 73rd Amendment, which of the following is the Maximum period for a Panchayati Raj body to remain suspended? (A) 19. (B) One year (C) Three months (D) Two years Who wrote these words: Public Administration is that part of the science of Administration which has to do with the government and thus concerns itself, primarily with the executive branch, where the work of the Government is done : (A) 20. Six months Urwick (B) Luther Gullick (C) Willoughby (D) Nigro The field of administration is a field of business. It is removed from the hurry and strife of politics . This is stated by : (A) Marshall E. Dimmock (B) Woodrow Wilson (C) L.D. White (D) Dwight Waldo Note 21 to 30 : Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). In the context of the two statements write the correct answer from the codes given below : 21. Assertion (A) : Public Administration provides a professional input for the formulation of the public policy. Reason (R) : The administrators exercise much more power in the formulation of public policy than the formal description of their responsibilities suggest. Choose the correct answer from the following answer code : Code: (A) (B) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) (C) (A) is true but (R) is false (D) 22. Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) (A) is false but (R) is true Assertion (A) : The line of communication should not be interrupted during the time when the organization is functioning. Reason (R) : Organizational decisions are best made when the channels of communication are known. Choose the correct answer from the following answer code : Code : (A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) (B) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) (C) (A) is true but (R) is false (D) (A) is false but (R) is true J 1407 6 18. 73 (A) 19. (B) (C) (D) , M (A) 20. (B) (C) (D) - - Q ? (A) . 21 30 (B) (C) (R) . . (A) (D) (A) (R) 21. Q (A) (A) (R) (A) (R) S C (B) (A) (R) (A) (R) S C (C) (A) (R) (D) (A) (R) (A) U R (R) 22. U D (A) (A) (R) (A) (R) S C (B) (A) (R) (A) (R) S C (C) (A) (R) (D) (A) (R) J 1407 7 P.T.O. 23. Assertion (A) : Unity of Command cannot exist without Unity of Direction Reason (R) : If Unity of Command is violated, authority is undermined. Choose the correct answer from the following answer code : Code : (A) (B) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) (C) (A) is true but (R) is false (D) 24. Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) (A) is false but (R) is true Assertion (A) : There is a tendency on the part of the Government to intervene even in the delegations given to the Heads in matters of postings and transfers. Reason (R) : It is observed that the officials themselves approach the political masters in order to secure a better position or a more lucrative job. Choose the correct answer from the following answer code : Code : (A) (B) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) (C) (A) is true but (R) is false (D) 25. Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) (A) is false but (R) is true Assertion (A) : Local government institutions have largely failed to meet the needs of growing urban population Reason (R) : There are no effective and adequate training arrangements for the elected representatives and the administrative personnel. Choose the correct answer from the following answer code : Code : (A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) (B) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) (C) (A) is true but (R) is false (D) (A) is false but (R) is true J 1407 8 (A) (R) 23. (A) (B) (A) (R) (A) (R) S C (C) (A) (R) (D) 24. (A) (R) (A) (R) S C (A) (R) (A) S S S S (R) ( ) S (A) (B) (A) (R) (A) (R) S C (C) (A) (R) (D) 25. (A) (R) (A) (R) S C (A) (R) (A) S S (R) # S (A) (A) (R) (A) (R) S C (B) (A) (R) (A) (R) S C (C) (A) (R) (D) (A) (R) J 1407 9 P.T.O. 26. Assertion (A) : The unionization of the lower level of bureaucracy has destroyed not only the work culture and discipline but also demoralized the higher levels of bureaucracy. Reason (R) : There is a symbiosis between the politicians and the bureaucrats in that both share power in pursuit of their self-interest ends. Choose the correct answer from the following answer code : Codes : (A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) (B) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) (C) (A) is true but (R) is false (D) (A) is false but (R) is true 27. Assertion (A) : Rational policy making is not feasible in the public sector. Reason (R) : Human rationality is limited in terms of the existence of multiple values. Choose the correct answer from the following answer code : Code: (A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) (B) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not correct explanation of (A) (C) (A) is true but (R) is false (D) (A) is false but (R) is true 28. Assertion (A) : The state should abdicate its authority with a view to reducing disparities. Reason (R) : Reducing disparities is the crucial aspect of the political dimension of governance in the state. Choose the correct answer from the following answer code : Code : (A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) (B) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) (C) (A) is true but (R) is false (D) (A) is false but (R) is true 29. Assertion (A) : In Rigg s prismatic society nepotism and favouritism play a dominant role in the making of appointments to various administrative posts. Reason (R) : The behaviour and performance of the sala officer are influenced by rational thinking and existing laws. Choose the correct answer from the following answer code : Code : (A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) (B) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) (C) (A) is true but (R) is false (D) (A) is false but (R) is true J 1407 10 26. (A) S S C S (R) S Q (A) (B) (A) (R) (A) (R) S C (C) (A) (R) (D) 27. (A) (R) (A) (R) S C (A) (R) (A) (R) (A) (B) (A) (R) (A) (R) S C (C) (A) (R) (D) 28. (A) (R) (A) (R) S C (A) (R) (A) (R) (A) (B) (A) (R) (A) (R) S C (C) (A) (R) (D) 29. (A) (R) (A) (R) S C (A) (R) (A) (R) - c m (A) (A) (R) (A) (R) S C (B) (A) (R) (A) (R) S C (C) (A) (R) (D) (A) (R) J 1407 11 P.T.O. 30. Assertion (A) : Adequate scrutiny by Parliament of the rules and regulations makes delegated legislation grow into despotism. Reason (R): In a democratic country like India, it is expedient to delegate law making authority to the ministries for making rules and regulations. Choose the correct answer from the following answer code : Code : (A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) (B) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) (C) (A) is true but (R) is false (D) (A) is false but (R) is true 31. Arrange the following in order of their precedence. 1. R.A. Gopalaswamy : Report on the Machinery of Government. 2. V.T. Krsihnamchari : Report on Indian and State Administrative Services. 3. Satish Chandra : Report on the Recruitment of Civil Services. 4. D.S. Kothari : Report on Recruitment Policy and Selection Methods. 5. A.D. Gorwala : Report on Public Administration. Code : (A) 1 2 3 4 5 (B) 5 1 2 4 3 (C) 5 1 3 2 4 (D) 1 5 2 3 4 32. Arrange following in the order of precedence: 1. Minnowbrook Conference 2. Hawthorne Experiment 3. Setting up of Comparative Administrative Group (CAG) 4. 73rd Amendment 5. Right to Information Code : (A) 1 2 3 4 5 (B) 2 3 1 4 (C) 4 5 1 2 3 (D) 1 2 4 5 33. 5 3 Arrange these approaches to the study of Public Administration in the order of their precedence : 1. Structural Approach 2. Scientific Management Approach 3. Behavioural Approach 4. System Approach Code : (A) 1 2 3 4 (B) 1 2 4 3 (C) 4 3 1 2 (D) 1 4 2 3 J 1407 12 30. (A) m # S / U (R) (A) (B) (A) (R) (A) (R) S C (C) (A) (R) (D) 31. (A) (R) (A) (R) S C (A) (R) R S 1. S : 2. . c : S S U 3. : R 4. . . : R 5. . . : S U 1 5 4 2 5 4 (A) (C) 32. 2 1 3 3 (B) (D) 5 1 2 2 4 3 3 4 3 2 1 4 4 5 5 3 R S 1. 2. 3. S U ( . . .) 4. 73 5. (A) (C) 33. 1 5 1 4 2 5 3 1 4 2 5 3 (B) (D) 2 1 R S 1. 2. 3. 4. (A) (C) J 1407 1 4 2 3 3 1 4 2 (B) (D) 13 1 1 2 4 4 2 3 3 P.T.O. 34. Arrange the following committee/commissions in order of their submission of reports by writing first the committee which submitted its report first : 1. Haldane Committee 2. Masterman Committee 3. Fulton Committee 4. Northcote-Trevelyan Committee 5. Aitchison Commission Code: (A) 5 1 2 3 (B) 5 4 1 3 2 (C) 35. 4 4 5 2 3 1 (D) 4 5 2 1 3 Arrange the following needs in accordance with Maslow s theory : 1. Need for food 2. Need to belong to a social group 3. Need to be free from danger 4. Need to prove his worth 5. Need to get appreciation Code: (A) 2 3 4 5 (B) 5 4 3 2 1 (C) 36. 1 1 3 2 5 4 (D) 1 2 3 5 4 Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the codes given below: List-I List-II (a) F.W. Taylor (i) Ballot-Box Democracy (b) Henri Fayol (ii) Legal-relation authority (c) M.P. Follett (iii) Gangplank (d) Max Weber (iv) Functional foremanship Code: a b c d (A) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i) (B) (iv) (iii) (i) (ii) (C) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii) (D) (iv) (i) (iii) (ii) J 1407 14 34. / m S 1. 2. S 3. 4. 5. (A) 5 1 2 3 (B) 5 4 1 3 2 (C) 35. 4 4 5 2 3 1 (D) 4 5 2 1 3 S h S 1. 2. 3. - Q 4. 5. (A) 2 3 4 5 (B) 5 4 3 2 1 (C) 36. 1 1 3 2 5 4 (D) 1 2 3 5 4 I II - I - II (a) . . (i) (b) (ii) (c) . . (iii) (d) (iv) a b c d (A) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i) (B) (iv) (iii) (i) (ii) (C) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii) (D) (iv) (i) (iii) (ii) J 1407 15 P.T.O. 37. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the codes given below: List-I List-II (a) Herbert Simon (i) The Administrative State (b) Chester Barnard (ii) Models of Man (c) Dwight Waldo (iii) The Functions of the Executive (d) Chris Argyris (iv) Personality and Organization Code : a b c d (A) (ii) (iv) (iii) (i) (B) (i) (iii) (ii) (iv) (C) (ii) (iii) (i) (iv) (D) (iii) (ii) (iv) (i) 38. Match List-I and List-II and select answer from the code given below: List-I List-II (a) Additional Secretary (i) Division (b) Assistant (ii) Department (c) Director (iii) Branch (d) Under Secretary (iv) Section (v) Wing Code: a b c d (A) (ii) (i) (iii) (iv) (B) (i) (ii) (iv) (iii) (C) (ii) (iv) (i) (iii) (D) (i) (iii) (iv) (ii) 39. Match List-I and List-II and select answer from the code given below: List-I List-II (a) Paul Appleby (i) The Bureaucratic Phenomenon (b) Woodrow Wilson (ii) The study of administration (c) M. Crozier (iii) New Public Administration (iv) Policy and Administration (d) H.G. Frederickson Code : a b c d (A) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii) (B) (iv) (ii) (i) (iii) (C) (ii) (iv) (iii) (i) (D) (iv) (iii) (i) (ii) J 1407 16 37. I II I - II (a) (i) S S (b) S (ii) (c) (iii) (d) R (iv) a (ii) (i) (ii) (iii) d (i) (iv) (iv) (i) (A) (B) (C) (D) 38. b (iv) (iii) (iii) (ii) c (iii) (ii) (i) (iv) I II -I - II (a) Q (i) (b) (ii) (c) (iii) (d) (iv) (v) (A) (B) (C) (D) 39. a (ii) (i) (ii) (i) b (i) (ii) (iv) (iii) c (iii) (iv) (i) (iv) d (iv) (iii) (iii) (ii) I II - - I II (a) (i) R (b) (ii) S S (c) . U (iii) S (d) . . (iv) S U a (iv) (iv) (ii) (iv) d (iii) (iii) (i) (ii) (A) (B) (C) (D) J 1407 b (i) (ii) (iv) (iii) c (ii) (i) (iii) (i) 17 P.T.O. 40. Match List-I and List-II and select answer from code given below. List-I List-II (a) Due process of law (i) India (b) Two sets of courts (ii) United Kingdom (c) Judicial review (iii) France (d) Rule of Law (iv) United States Code: a b c d (A) (iii) (i) (ii) (iv) (B) (i) (iii) (ii) (iv) (C) (i) (iii) (iv) (ii) (D) (iv) (iii) (i) (ii) 41. Match List-I and List-II and List-I (a) Herbert Simon (b) Charles Lindblow (c) A. Etzioni (d) David Easton Code: a b c d (A) (iv) (iii) (i) (ii) (B) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii) (C) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i) (D) (iii) (ii) (i) (iv) 42. Match List -I and List -II and select correct answer from code given below: List-I List-II (a) Union Cabinet secretariat (i) Assessing the material capital and human resources of the country (b) National Human Rights Commission (ii) Governing grants-in-aid principles (c) National Planning Commission (iii) Ensuring inter-ministerial coordination (d) National Finance Commission (iv) Inquiring into violation of human rights Code: a b c d (A) (iii) (iv) (ii) (i) (B) (iii) (i) (ii) (iv) (C) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii) (D) (iv) (iii) (i) (ii) J 1407 select the correct answer from code given below: List-II (i) Mixed-Scanning (ii) Systems approach (iii) Disjointed incrementalism (iv) Programmed and non-programmed decision 18 40. I II I - II (a) K (i) (b) (ii) (c) U (iii) (d) (iv) (A) (B) (C) (D) 41. a (iii) (i) (i) (iv) b (i) (iii) (iii) (iii) c (ii) (ii) (iv) (i) d (iv) (iv) (ii) (ii) I II I - II (a) (i) S S (b) (ii) S (c) (iii) S R (d) S (iv) - (A) (B) (C) (D) 42. a (iv) (iii) (iv) (iii) b (iii) (iv) (iii) (ii) c (i) (i) (ii) (i) d (ii) (ii) (i) (iv) I II I - - II (a) (i) (b) C (ii) h (c) C (iii) - (d) C (iv) (A) (B) (C) (D) J 1407 a (iii) (iii) (iii) (iv) b (iv) (i) (iv) (iii) c (ii) (ii) (i) (i) d (i) (iv) (ii) (ii) 19 P.T.O. 43. Match List-I and List-II and select correct answer from code, given below: List-I List-II (a) Mary Follett (i) Interaction-influence system (b) F.Taylor (ii) Law of the situation (c) Rensis Likert (iii) Wage - incentive system (d) Henri Fayol (iv) Scalar Chain and gang plank Code : a c d (A) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii) (B) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i) (C) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii) (D) 44. b (ii) (iii) (i) (iv) Match List-I and List-II and select correct answer from codes given below: List-I List-II (a) Contingency theory (i) Environmental factors (b) Group theory (ii) Exchange process between leader and followers (c) Trait theory (iii) Goals and structure of organization (d) Socioeconomic theory (iv) Personality attributes of a leader Code: a c d (A) (i) (iv) (ii) (iii) (B) (iv) (iii) (i) (ii) (C) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii) (D) 45. b (i) (ii) (iv) (iii) Match List-I and List-II and select correct answer form codes given below: List-I List-II (a) Head of the State Secretariat Administration (i) Chief Minister (b) Head of the Revenue Administration (ii) Governor (c) Nominal Head of the State (iii) Collector (d) Real Head of the State Administration (iv) Chief Secretary Code: a b c d (A) (iv) (iii) (i) (ii) (B) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii) (C) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i) (D) (iii) (iv) (ii) (i) J 1407 20 43. I II I - II (a) (i) S (b) (ii) (c) (iii) S (d) (iv) S (A) (B) (C) (D) 44. a (ii) (ii) (iii) (ii) b (i) (iii) (iv) (iii) c (iv) (iv) (i) (i) d (iii) (i) (ii) (iv) I II I - II (a) (i) (b) (ii) S - R (c) (iii) (d) (iv) (A) (B) (C) (D) 45. a (i) (iv) (iv) (i) b (iv) (iii) (i) (ii) c (ii) (i) (ii) (iv) d (iii) (ii) (iii) (iii) I II I - - (a) (i) (b) S (ii) (c) (iii) (d) S (iv) II (A) (B) (C) (D) J 1407 a (iv) (iv) (iv) (iii) b (iii) (i) (iii) (iv) c (i) (ii) (ii) (ii) d (ii) (iii) (i) (i) 21 P.T.O. Read the passage below, and answer the questions that follow based on your understanding of the passage. The ARC recommended that the departments and ministries dealing with scientific and technical policies should appoint specialists on policy positions. On the levels of decision-making in a ministry or department, the ARC recommended that, as a rule, there should be only two levels of considerations and decision below the minister. At the lower-middle level, a case may be considered by an under secretary or a deputy secretary and, at the higher level, by the Joint or additional secretary or the secretary. Beside, the commission argued for the adoption of the deskofficer system. Though the Government of India has generally welcomed proposals for levelJumping and the desk-officer system in the decisional process, in practice, however, the conventional system of cases being handled at almost all levels seems to have taken deep roots. The need is to excercise greater rigour in applying the norms of efficiency in official systems. This would certainly require a commitment to the virtues of decentralization and delegation and reducing the intensity of centralizing behaviour of senior officials. Regarding the desk-officer system, it may he noted that invincibility of, Babu bureaucracy has not been questioned in any emphatic manner so far. The babus continue to initiate noting on files. They, in fact, have the advantage of official memory that is a requisite of decision-making. Though the role of the babu should not, and in fact, cannot, be eliminated in the decisional process, there remains, undoubtedly, a constant need for more intensive analysis and examination of issues at the higher echelons of administration. 46. The number of levels recommended by ARC for consideration under the Ministers were: (A) Three (B) Two (C) One (D) Four 47. Which of the following officials does not belong to the higher level? (A) Deputy Secretary (B) Joint Secretary (D) Secretary (C) Additional Secretary 48. Which of the following has not been recommended by the ARC ? (A) Appointment of specialists on policy positions (B) Level Jumping (C) Desk-Officer System (D) Appointment of generalists on policy positions 49. Which of the following has become the most compelling feature of the administrative system? (A) Desk-Officer System (B) Babu Bureaucracy (C) Decision-Making (D) None of the above. 50. State the advantage of babus in administration : (A) Decentralisation (B) Delegation (C) Official Memory (D) Intensive Analysis -oOo- J 1407 22 Q , S S S m S Q Q m Q S l S - (level-Jumping) S S , S S S h S S S Q l R S # , , M R 46. S S (A) 47. (B) (C) (D) Q (D) S (A) 48. (B) (C) Q (A) (B) S - (C) 49. Q S (D) Q S (A) (B) (C) 50. S - (D) (A) (B) (C) S (D) -oOoJ 1407 23 P.T.O. Space For Rough Work J 1407 24

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