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UGC NET JUN 2007 : POLITICAL SCIENCE PAPER II

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Signature and Name of Invigilator Answer Sheet No. : ...................................................... (To be filled by the Candidate) 1. (Signature) Roll No. (Name) (In figures as per admission card) Roll No. 2. (Signature) (In words) (Name) Test Booklet No. J 0 2 0 7 PAPER II POLITICAL SCIENCE Time : 1 hours] Number of Pages in this Booklet : 24 [Maximum Marks : 100 Number of Questions in this Booklet : 50 U Instructions for the Candidates 1. Write your roll number in the space provided on the top of this page. 1. U DU U S U U U U 2. This paper consists of fifty multiple-choice type of questions. 3. U U U, - S U U U 3. At the commencement of examination, the question booklet will be given to you. In the first 5 minutes, you are requested to open the booklet and compulsorily examine it as below : (i) 2. - - S U (i) - S U U U U S U U- U S S U U (ii) To have access to the Question Booklet, tear off the paper seal on the edge of this cover page. Do not accept a booklet without sticker-seal and do not accept an open booklet. U DU U U U - S DU U U U U U U S DU / U U U U U S S U U U U U S U U - S U U - S U UQ (ii) (iii) 4. Tally the number of pages and number of questions in the booklet with the information printed on the cover page. Faulty booklets due to pages/questions missing or duplicate or not in serial order or any other discrepancy should be got replaced immediately by a correct booklet from the invigilator within the period of 5 minutes. Afterwards, neither the question booklet will be replaced nor any extra time will be given. After this verification is over, the Serial No. of the booklet should be entered in the Answer-sheets and the Serial No. of Answer Sheet should be entered on this Booklet. (iii) - S R U- U Each item has four alternative responses marked (A), (B), (C) and (D). You have to darken the oval as indicated below on the correct response against each item. 4. U U (A), (B), (C) (D) Example : A B C U U U U- R - S U U U U U U U D where (C) is the correct response. 5. Read instructions given inside carefully. 7. Rough Work is to be done in the end of this booklet. 8. If you write your name or put any mark on any part of the test booklet, except for the space allotted for the relevant entries, which may disclose your identity, you will render yourself liable to disqualification. 9. C D U U U S U U U , U 6. U U 7. (Rough Work) S DU U U 8. U- S U , U U U U 9. U # U U- S U U U U U # U U U You have to return the test question booklet to the invigilators at the end of the examination compulsorily and must not carry it with you outside the Examination Hall. / U Z U S U U ( U U) U U 12. U U 10. 10. Use only Blue/Black Ball point pen. 11. 11. Use of any calculator or log table etc., is prohibited. 12. There is NO negative marking. J 0207 B 5. U U I U U- U Your responses to the items are to be indicated in the Answer Sheet given inside the Paper I booklet only. If you mark at any place other than in the ovals in the Answer Sheet, it will not be evaluated. 6. A ( C) U 1 P.T.O. POLITICAL SCIENCE PAPER II Note : 1. This paper contains fifty (50) multiple-choice questions, each question carrying two (2) marks. Attempt all of them. Who among the following first separated ethics from politics ? (A) 2. Aristotle (B) Machiavelli (C) Hobbes (D) Which one of the following concepts had been criticised as Paradox of Freedom ? (A) Platonic Justice (B) Locke s (C) 3. Governmental Contract Rousseau s General Will (D) Rawl s Distributive Justice Politics is the process by which community of human beings deal with their problems - Whose words are these ? (A) Aristotle (B) Gettel (C) 4. Harold Lasswell (D) Herbert J. Spiro Who, among the following, had contributed to the growth of Comparative Politics as a sub-discipline of Political Science ? (A) Arthur Bentley (B) Graham Wallas (C) 5. Harold Laski (D) R.T. Mckenzie Which of the following countries has a federal form of government with dual citizenship ? (A) 6. Locke India (B) U.S.A (C) U.K. (D) Switzerland According to Lucian Pye, which of the following are crisis of political development ? (1.) Crisis of identity (2.) Crisis of legitimacy (3.) Crisis of distribution (4.) Crisis of corrupt political processes Select the correct answer from the codes given below : (A) (B) (1.), (2.) and (3.) (C) 7. (1.), (2.) and (4.) (2.), (3.) and (4.) (D) (1.), (2.), (3.) and (4.) International peace and security is referred to in the Indian Constitution in : (A) The Preamble (B) Fundamental Rights (C) Directive Principles of State Policy (D) Emergency provisions J 0207 2 - II U (50) S D (2) U 1. ? (A) 2. (B) S (C) (D) S M ? (A) S (B) (C) 3. M (D) S S m S R ? (A) 4. S (B) (C) (D) . S M ? (A) 5. (B) (C) S (D) . . M ? (A) 6. (B) . . . (C) . . (D) S U ? (1.) S (2.) (3.) (4.) C R (A) (B) (1.), (2.) U (3.) (C) 7. (1.), (2.) U (4.) (2.), (3.) U (4.) (D) (1.), (2.), (3.) U (4.) C (A) (B) (C) h (D) J 0207 3 P.T.O. 8. Which Amendment of the Indian Constitution dealt with the reduction of number of Ministers in the Government ? (A) (B) 42nd Amendment (C) 9. 85th Amendment 91st Amendment (D) 52nd Amendment Who among the following is the father of Doctrine of Passive Resistance ? (A) (B) Aurobindo Ghosh (C) 10. Mahatma Gandhi Jawaharlal Nehru (D) Rabindranath Tagore Who defines Public Administration as consisting of all those operations having for their purpose the fulfilment or enforcement of public policy ? (A) (B) L.D. White (C) 11. D. Waldo L. Urwick (D) W.F. Willoughby Who among the following called the classical principles of organisation proverbs ? (A) (B) L.D. White (C) 12. Henri Fayol Herbert Simon (D) D. Waldo Who defines civil service as professional body of officials, permanent, paid and skilled : (A) (B) Felix Nigro (C) 13. Herman Finer Max Weber (D) O. Glenn Stahl Survival of SAARC mainly depends on : (A) (B) Peace and Co-operation (C) 14. Interest of weaker States Unanimity of decisions (D) Issues of Bilateral Relations The Uniting For Peace resolution was adopted by : (A) (B) NATO (C) 15. NAM UN (D) Commonwealth of Nations UNCTAD basically promoted : (A) Peaceful settlement of disputes (B) International Trade (C) Prevention of war (D) N.P.T. J 0207 4 8. ? (A) (B) 42 (C) 9. 85 91 (D) 52 h ? (A) (B) (C) 10. L (D) R ( ) , g - ? (A) (B) . . u (C) 11. . . (D) . . (Willoughby) h ? (A) (B) . . u (C) 12. (D) . S M S ? (A) (B) (C) 13. (D) . S ( ) S (A) (B) (C) 14. (D) m g S ? (A) (B) (NATO) (C) 15. (NAM) . . (UN) (D) UNCTAD / ? (A) (B) C (C) h (D) . . . J 0207 5 P.T.O. Directions (16-25) : The following ten questions consist of two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). You are to examine these two statements carefully and decide if the Assertion (A) and the Reason (R) are individually true and if so, whether the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion. Select your answers to these questions using the codes given below : (A) (B) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) (C) (A) is true but (R) is false (D) 16. Both (A) and (R) are true and R is the correct explanation of A (A) is false but (R) is true Assertion (A) : Scientific socialism explains history in terms of class struggle Reason (R) : 17. Assertion (A) : The idea of community is a major concern for the Western scholars in the late twentieth century Reason (R) : 18. One party dominant system has failed Assertion (A) : Since 1970s in India, elites of every type have the same social character Reason (R) : 22. In every democratic society it is minority that rules Assertion (A) : Since 1977 in India experimentation in consociational politics has survived. Reason (R) : 21. A function is generally defined as the objective consequence of a pattern of action for the system Assertion (A) : Elite Theory was first used in Central and Western European countries as a critique of democracy Reason (R) : 20. The local was lost and weakened. Assertion (A) : The structural - functional analysis revolves around the concepts of functions and structures Reason (R) : 19. Class struggle takes place in the Superstructure first. Language, Religion and caste are being used for electoral purposes Assertion (A) : Hierarchy leads to rigidity and affects human relationships in administration Reason (R) : J 0207 Hierarchy is a means to achieve coherence in the administrative organisation 6 (16 - 25) ; (A) (Assertion) (Reason), (R) (statements) (A) (R) (R) (A) ? (A) (A) (R) (R), (A) (B) (A) (R) (R), (A) (C) (A) (R) (D) (A) (R) S (A) : h - m S ( ) S (A) : - - (R) : 18. (R) : 17. (A) : (R) : 16. (system) Z (pattern) S D 19. (A) : h (critique) (R) : 20. (A) : 1977 (R) : 21. (A) : 1970 (R) : 22. , (A) : (Hierarchy), (rigidity) (R) : J 0207 R Q (coherence) 7 P.T.O. 23. Assertion (A) : Public Administration is not entirely devoid of profit motive Reason (R) : 24. Assertion (A) : NAM is still relevant in the post-cold war period Reason (R) : 25. Some of the developing countries will be in dominant position in the near future Assertion (A) : Both China and India have paved the way for the establishment of a constructive and co-operative relationships for the 21st century Reason (R) : 26. The main aim of governmental activities is to promote societal welfare China has opposed Pakistan s nuclear policy Identify the correct chronological order using the code given below in which the following concepts/theories appeared : (i) (ii) Theory of Protection (iii) Passive Resistance (iv) Satyagraha (A) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (B) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i) (C) 27. Saptanga (ii) (i) (iv) (iii) (D) (iii) (ii) (iv) (i) Identify the correct chronological order in which the following books were published : (i) A Grammar of Politics (ii) Ideal of Human Unity (iii) Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights (iv) Neo-Humanism Codes : (A) (B) (i) (iv) (ii) (iii) (C) 28. (ii) (i) (iii) (iv) (ii) (iii) (i) (iv) (D) (i) (ii) (iv) (iii) What is the correct sequence of the following four quantitative factors in Karl Deutsch s Communications Theory ? (i) Lag (ii) Load (iii) Lead Select the correct answer from the codes given below : Codes : (A) (C) J 0207 (ii) (i) (iv) and (iii) (iii) (ii) (i) and (iv) (B) (D) 8 (i) (ii) (iii) and (iv) (iv) (i) (ii) and (iii) (iv) Gain 26. g / (A) : h C (NAM) c C S (A) : 21 (R) : 25. g Q (R) : 24. (A) : (R) : 23. S / h S R (i) # (Saptanga) (ii) h (Theory of Protection) (iii) (Passive Resistance) (iv) (Satyagraha) : (A) (B) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i) (C) 27. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii) (D) (iii) (ii) (iv) (i) S R (i) A Grammar of Politics (ii) Ideal of Human Unity (iii) Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal theory of Minority Rights (iv) Neo-Humanism : (A) (B) (i) (iv) (ii) (iii) (C) 28. (ii) (i) (iii) (iv) (ii) (iii) (i) (iv) (D) (i) (ii) (iv) (iii) h (communications theory) (quantita- tive) (factor) R (i) Lag (ii) Load (iii) Lead (iv) Gain (A) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii) (B) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (C) (iii) (ii) (i) (iv) (D) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii) J 0207 9 P.T.O. 29. According to Kenneth Organski a developing society has to pass through the following four stages of political development : (i) Political Unification (ii) National Welfare (iii) Industrialization (iv) Abundance What is the sequence in which they have been listed by Organski. Select the correct answer from the codes given below : (A) (B) (i) (iii) (ii) and (iv) (C) 30. (i) (ii) (iii) and (iv) (i) (iii) (iv) and (ii) (D) (i) (ii) (iv) and (iii) Identify the correct chronological order in which the following served the Lok Sabha as Speakers : (i) (ii) Hukam Singh (iii) Som Nath Chatterjee (iv) P.A. Sangma (A) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii) (B) (iii) (iv) (ii) (i) (C) 31. Sanjeeva Reddy (ii) (i) (iv) (iii) (D) (i) (iii) (iv) (ii) Identify the correct chronological order in which the following are placed in Indian Constitution : (i) (ii) Changing the name of a State (iii) Imposition of President s rule in a State (iv) Reference of IAS and IPS (A) (iv) (ii) (iii) (i) (B) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii) (C) 32. Right to freedom of religion (iii) (iv) (ii) (i) (D) (i) (iii) (iv) (ii) Consider the following steps in decision making : (i) Acquiring background information about the problem. (ii) Determining the problem. (iii) Evaluating the alternatives. (iv) Identifying the alternatives. What is the correct sequence of the above steps. Select the correct answer from codes given below : Codes : (A) (i) (ii) (iv) and (iii) (B) (ii) (i) (iv) and (iii) (C) (ii) (iii) (i) and (iv) (D) (i) (iii) (iv) and (ii) J 0207 10 29. S (i) (ii) C (iii) l (iv) (Abundance) S R ? (A) (B) (i) (iii) (ii) (iv) (C) 30. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i) (iii) (iv) (ii) (D) (i) (ii) (iv) (iii) Q S M R (i) a (ii) (iii) (iv) . . (A) (C) 31. (iv) (i) (ii) (iii) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii) (B) (D) R ? (i) S (ii) (iii) C (iv) . . . . . . (A) (C) 32. (iii) (iv) (ii) (i) (i) (iii) (iv) (ii) (iv) (ii) (iii) (i) (iii) (iv) (ii) (i) (B) (D) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii) (i) (iii) (iv) (ii) R ? (i) S D (ii) S (iii) (iv) ? (A) (i) (ii) (iv) (iii) (B) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii) (C) (ii) (iii) (i) (iv) (D) (i) (iii) (iv) (ii) J 0207 11 P.T.O. 33. Which one of the following is the correct sequence in which the following approaches to the study of Public Administration have evolved ? (i) Classical Approach (ii) Behavioural Approach (iii) Human Relations Approach (iv) Policy Approach Select the correct answer from the codes given below : Codes : (A) (i) (iii) (ii) and (iv) (B) (i) (ii) (iii) and (iv) (C) (ii) (i) (iii) and (iv) (D) (i) (iii) (iv) and (ii) 34. Identify the correct chronological order of the following events in India - China Relations : (i) Dalai Lama s entry into India (ii) India Recognising PRC (iii) Panchsheel Agreement (iv) Sino-India 50th Anniversary of Diplomatic Relations Select the correct answer from codes given below : (A) (iv) (i) (iii) and (ii) (B) (ii) (iii) (i) and (iv) (C) (i) (iv) (ii) and (iii) (D) (iii) (i) (iv) and (ii) 35. Identify the correct chronological order of the following : (i) Maastricht (ii) N.P.T. (iii) Belgrade Conference (iv) SALT Select the correct answer from codes given below : (A) (iv) (i) (iii) (ii) (B) (iii) (ii) (iv) (i) (C) (iii) (ii) (i) (iv) (D) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii) 36. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer from the codes given below : List - I List - II (a) Power (i) Green (b) Eternal Consciousness (ii) Easton (c) Authoritative allocation of values (iii) Machiavelli (d) Prison Diary (iv) Gramsci Codes : (a) (b) (c) (d) (A) (iii) (i) (ii) (iv) (B) (i) (iii) (ii) (iv) (C) (iv) (iii) (i) (ii) (D) (ii) (iv) (iii) (i) J 0207 12 33. R ? (i) (ii) (Behavioural) (iii) (Human Relations) (iv) (Policy Approach) (A) (B) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (C) 34. (i) (iii) (ii) (iv) (ii) (i) (iii) (iv) (D) (i) (iii) (iv) (ii) R (i) (ii) m (iii) (iv) - 50 U (A) (B) (ii) (iii) (i) (iv) (C) 35. (iv) (i) (iii) (ii) (i) (iv) (ii) (iii) (D) (iii) (i) (iv) (ii) R (i) (ii) S (iii) (iv) U U (Belgrade Conference) NPT SALT (A) (C) 36. (iv) (i) (iii) (ii) (iii) (ii) (i) (iv) (B) (D) (iii) (ii) (iv) (i) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii) I II - II - I (a) (b) Power Enternal Consciousness (i) (ii) Green Easton (c) (d) (iii) (iv) Machiavelli Gramsci Prison Diary (A) (B) (C) (D) J 0207 (a) (iii) (i) (iv) (ii) (b) (i) (iii) (iii) (iv) (c) (ii) (ii) (i) (iii) (d) (iv) (iv) (ii) (i) 13 P.T.O. 37. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer from the codes given below : List - I List - II (a) St. Augustine (i) Let hundred flowers bloom (b) Mao (ii) Colonial thesis (c) M. N. Roy (iii) Involution (d) Aurobindo (iv) Two swords Codes : (a) (c) (d) (A) (i) (ii) (iv) (iii) (B) (ii) (iii) (i) (iv) (C) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii) (D) 38. (b) (iii) (ii) (i) (iv) Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched ? (A) (B) T. B. Bottomore : Elites and Society (C) David Easton : The Political System (D) 39. Robert Dahl : Who Governs Lucian Pye : The Stages of Political Development Match List I with List II and select the correct answer from the codes given below : List - I List - II (a) Political Communication (i) A. G. Frank (b) Dependency (ii) Lucian Pye (c) Mass mind (iii) Roberto Michels (d) Signs of political development at three different levels (iv) Karl Deutsch Select the correct answer from Codes given below : Codes : (a) (b) (c) (d) (A) (iv) (i) (iii) (ii) (B) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (C) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii) (D) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i) J 0207 14 37. - I - II - I - II (a) St. Augustine (i) Let hundred flowers bloom (b) Mao (ii) Colonial thesis (c) M. N. Roy (iii) Involution (d) Aurobindo (iv) Two swords (a) (c) (d) (A) (i) (ii) (iv) (iii) (B) (ii) (iii) (i) (iv) (C) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii) (D) 38. (b) (iii) (ii) (i) (iv) ? (A) (Robert Dahl) : Who Governs (B) T. B. Bottomore : Elites and Society (C) David Easton : The Political System (D) Lucian Pye : S (The Stages of Political Development) 39. - I - II - I - II (a) (i) A. G. Frank (b) (Dependency) (ii) Lucian Pye (c) S c (Mass mind) (iii) Roberto Michels (d) S (iv) Karl Deutsch : (a) (b) (c) (d) (A) (iv) (i) (iii) (ii) (B) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (C) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii) (D) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i) J 0207 15 P.T.O. 40. Match List I with List List - I (a) Indian National (b) TMC (c) JD (U) (d) TRS Code : (a) (b) (c) (A) (i) (iii) (iv) (B) (ii) (iii) (i) (C) (iv) (i) (ii) (D) (iv) (ii) (iii) II and select the correct answer from the code given below : List - II Lok Dal (i) West Bengal (ii) Bihar (iii) Andhra Pradesh (iv) Haryana (d) (ii) (iv) (iii) (i) 41. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer from the code given below : List - I List - II (a) P.V. Narsimha Rao became the (i) 1992 Prime Minister (b) Babri Masjid was demolished (ii) 1996 (c) Deve Gowda became the Prime (iii) 1954 Minister (d) Nehru signed the Panchsheel with (iv) 1991 China Code : (a) (b) (c) (d) (A) (iii) (iv) (ii) (i) (B) (i) (iv) (iii) (ii) (C) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii) (D) (iii) (i) (ii) (iv) 42. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer from the codes given below : List - I List - II (a) An employee should receive (i) Span of Control orders from one superior only (b) How many subordinates can an (ii) Unity of command. administrator direct personally ? (c) The superior-subordinate (iii) Hierarchy relationship through a number of levels of responsibility (d) The orderly arrangement of group (iv) Co-ordination effort to provide unity of action in the pursuit of a common purpose Codes : (a) (b) (c) (d) (A) (i) (ii) (iv) (iii) (B) (ii) (iii) (i) (iv) (C) (iii) (iv) (ii) (i) (D) (ii) (i) (iii) (iv) J 0207 16 40. - I - II - I - II (a) C (i) (b) . . . (ii) (c) . ( .) (iii) (d) . . . (iv) : (a) (i) (ii) (iv) (iv) (A) (B) (C) (D) 41. (b) (iii) (iii) (i) (ii) (c) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii) (d) (ii) (iv) (iii) (i) - I - II - I - II (a) . . (i) 1992 (b) S (ii) 1996 (c) (iii) 1954 (d) M S (iv) 1991 : (A) (B) (C) (D) 42. (a) (iii) (i) (iv) (iii) (b) (iv) (iv) (i) (i) (c) (ii) (iii) (ii) (ii) (d) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) - I - II - I - II (a) (i) (span) (b) S ? (ii) (c) S S (iii) R (Hierarchy) S (d) g # (iv) S R (A) (B) (C) (D) J 0207 (a) (i) (ii) (iii) (ii) (b) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i) (c) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii) (d) (iii) (iv) (i) (iv) 17 P.T.O. 43. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched ? (A) : Structure (B) Human Relations : Informal Organisation (C) Systems : Environment (D) 44. Classical Scientific Management : Fourteen principles of organisation Match List I with List II and select the correct answer from the codes given below : List - I List - II (a) Morgenthau (i) The Strategy of Conflict (b) E. H. Carr (ii) Theory of International Politics (c) Kenneth Waltz (iii) Politics among Nations (d) Schelling T. (iv) The Twenty Years Crisis Code : (a) (c) (d) (A) (ii) (iv) (iii) (i) (B) (iii) (i) (ii) (iv) (C) (iii) (iv) (ii) (i) (D) 45. (b) (iv) (i) (iii) (ii) Match List I with List II and select the correct match by using the codes given below : List - I List - II (a) GATT (i) South Asian Nations (b) SAARC (ii) Intellectual Property Rights (c) NAFTA (iii) North American States (d) TRIPS (iv) Agreement on Tariff and Trade Codes : (a) (b) (c) (d) (A) (iii) (ii) (iv) (i) (B) (ii) (iv) (iii) (i) (C) (i) (iii) (iv) (ii) (D) (iv) (i) (iii) (ii) J 0207 18 43. ? (A) : (Structure) (B) : (C) S (Systems) : (D) 44. : 14 h - I - II - I - II (a) Morgentrau (i) Q (The strategy of conflict) (b) E. H. Carr (ii) C h (Theory of International Politics) (c) Kenneth Waltz (iii) C (Politics among Nations) (d) Schelling T. (iv) Z (The Twenty years crisis) : (a) (c) (d) (A) (ii) (iv) (iii) (i) (B) (iii) (i) (ii) (iv) (C) (iii) (iv) (ii) (i) (D) 45. (b) (iv) (i) (iii) (ii) - I - II - I - II (a) GATT (i) South Asian Nations (b) SAARC (ii) Intellectual Property Rights (c) NAFTA (iii) North American States (d) TRIPS (iv) Agreement on Tariff and Trade : (a) (b) (c) (d) (A) (iii) (ii) (iv) (i) (B) (ii) (iv) (iii) (i) (C) (i) (iii) (iv) (ii) (D) (iv) (i) (iii) (ii) J 0207 19 P.T.O. Directions (46-50) : Read the following passage and select the correct answers from the questions given below, on the basis of your understanding of the passage : Individuals have a wide, indeed, potentially infinite range of interests; these are ranked in the most complicated manner - indeed, the ranking is so complicated that individuals themselves do not perceive what it is. Our interest in art, in food, in travel, in various social matters belongs to different areas which we are rarely called to compare or contrast. Yet, if one wants to assess the power of an individual over another, one may have to take all these aspects into consideration. The comprehensive analysis of power thus makes us enter farther and farther fields. But in voting situations or in committee decisions, on the contrary, problems are narrowed down, because a decision has to be made between two or a small number of issues or candidates. The general preference process is, so to speak, operationalized into a choice mechanism which, however difficult it may be in many circumstances, is nonetheless markedly simplified by comparison with the theoretical choices which might be made. The proof of this drastic reduction of the ends is indeed given by the fact that many feel that voting decisions do not leave electors with a real choice, that candidates or parties are too similar to each other, for instance, or that the issues are not-clear-cut enough. Be this as it may, that fact is that effective choice is constrained by the process of decision itself. There is also simplification at the level of the means because of a number of rules which the democratic system of voting and of committee decision-making imposes. The reason why it is not very interesting to assess committee decision in this way if, for instance, someone like Stalin dominates a committee is because Stalin would simply set aside the rules and threaten committee members if these were not to support his views. But a regular democratic committee is one where a number of rules are scrupulously observed and where, in particular, great store is placed on rules relating to the ways in which issues are placed on the agenda, debated and voted on. The voting rules (majority voting, for instance) are of course those which are most conspicuous in restricting the freedom of members to act in an in egalitarian manner, but the whole of the procedure also contributes in equalizing the general framework. It becomes therefore both interesting and possible to analyse the effect of these rules on the decision-making process and specifically to examine the paradoxes inherent in such a system as well as the ways in which one or more of the members can maximize their own interests in the context of the system. 46. The individual seems to be unaware of his interests because : (A) of their wide range (B) of difficult choices (C) of illiteracy (D) of dictatorial regimes J 0207 20 (46 - 50) l Q L , L , R , Q , , , Q Q Q Q S S S , g R , S , M , h M S , g R S S S Q S ( ), S , , S S S R M l S S Z 46. Q , (A) (B) (C) (D) J 0207 21 P.T.O. 47. In voting behaviour problems have become simple because : (A) (B) The theoretical issues are very limited (C) Voting has become mechanical (D) 48. of the very process of decision-making the voter is required to follow. ends are not important Why is Stalin referred to ? (A) (B) Ignoring rules and threatening opponents (C) Issues are limited (D) 49. Voting procedure is undemocratic Candidates are few Why are the voting rules undemocratic ? (A) (B) Because the choices of the voters are not restricted (C) Because these limit the freedom of the voters to take part in decision-making (D) 50. Because these give a lot of freedom to the voters Because they fail to promote the interests of the decision-makers Which, among the following is important for assessing the power of an individual over another ? (A) All interests of the individual and some other fields or areas (B) The individual s cousciousness about the ranking of interests (C) The individual is constrained by the choice mechanism (D) Voting situations and committee decisions have been totally changed. -oOo- J 0207 22 47. S , (A) (B) h g (C) (D) 48. m R S ? (A) (B) (C) g (D) 49. R ? (A) (B) (C) (D) 50. Q Q Q ? (A) Q S (B) Q S (Ranking) (C) Q S ( ) (D) S -oOo- J 0207 23 P.T.O. Space For Rough Work J 0207 24

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Additional Info : Ugc Net June 2007 Question Paper - Political Science Paper II
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