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UGC NET DEC 2007 : POLITICAL SCIENCE PAPER II

24 pages, 100 questions, 1 questions with responses, 1 total responses,

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Signature and Name of Invigilator Answer Sheet No. : ...................................................... (To be filled by the Candidate) 1. (Signature) Roll No. (Name) (In figures as per admission card) Roll No. 2. (Signature) (In words) (Name) Test Booklet No. D 0 2 0 7 PAPER II POLITICAL SCIENCE Time : 1 hours] Number of Pages in this Booklet : 24 [Maximum Marks : 100 Number of Questions in this Booklet : 50 U Instructions for the Candidates 1. Write your roll number in the space provided on the top of this page. 1. U DU U S U U U U 2. This paper consists of fifty multiple-choice type of questions. 3. U U U, - S U U U 3. At the commencement of examination, the question booklet will be given to you. In the first 5 minutes, you are requested to open the booklet and compulsorily examine it as below : (i) 2. - - S U (i) - S U U U U S U U- U S S U U (ii) To have access to the Question Booklet, tear off the paper seal on the edge of this cover page. Do not accept a booklet without sticker-seal and do not accept an open booklet. U DU U U U - S DU U U U U U U S DU / U U U U U S S U U U U U S U U - S U U - S U UQ (ii) (iii) 4. Tally the number of pages and number of questions in the booklet with the information printed on the cover page. Faulty booklets due to pages/questions missing or duplicate or not in serial order or any other discrepancy should be got replaced immediately by a correct booklet from the invigilator within the period of 5 minutes. Afterwards, neither the question booklet will be replaced nor any extra time will be given. After this verification is over, the Serial No. of the booklet should be entered in the Answer-sheets and the Serial No. of Answer Sheet should be entered on this Booklet. (iii) - S R U- U Each item has four alternative responses marked (A), (B), (C) and (D). You have to darken the oval as indicated below on the correct response against each item. 4. U U (A), (B), (C) (D) Example : A B C U U U U- R - S U U U U U U U D where (C) is the correct response. 5. Read instructions given inside carefully. 7. Rough Work is to be done in the end of this booklet. 8. If you write your name or put any mark on any part of the test booklet, except for the space allotted for the relevant entries, which may disclose your identity, you will render yourself liable to disqualification. 9. C D U U U S U U U , U 6. U U 7. (Rough Work) S DU U U 8. U- S U , U U U U 9. U # U U- S U U U U U # U U U You have to return the test question booklet to the invigilators at the end of the examination compulsorily and must not carry it with you outside the Examination Hall. / U Z U S U U ( U U) U U 12. U U 10. 10. Use only Blue/Black Ball point pen. 11. 11. Use of any calculator or log table etc., is prohibited. 12. There is NO negative marking. D 0207 B 5. U U I U U- U Your responses to the items are to be indicated in the Answer Sheet given inside the Paper I booklet only. If you mark at any place other than in the ovals in the Answer Sheet, it will not be evaluated. 6. A ( C) U 1 P.T.O. POLITICAL SCIENCE PAPER II Note : 1. This paper contains fifty (50) multiple-choice questions, each question carrying two (2) marks. Attempt all of them. Who, among the following is the author of The Laws ? (A) 2. Plato (C) St. Augustine (D) Dicey Lenin (B) Stalin (C) Gramsci (D) Mao Who, among the following, had introduced Christian Humanitarian Values in an otherwise hedonistic philosophy ? (A) 4. (B) Whose name is associated with the concept Relative Autonomy of State ? (A) 3. Aristotle Bentham (B) James Mill (C) John Stuart Mill (D) Spencer Which one of the following statements is correct ? (A) (B) Comparative Politics was born in the United States because of the emphasis the American scholars had placed on a scientific study of politics in the last century. (C) Comparative Politics was born of Behavioural movement in Political Science. (D) 5. Comparative Politics as a sub-discipline of Political Science had emerged due to some gaps in Comparative Government . Comparative Politics was born in the fifties of the last century. Which one of the following statements is correct ? (A) (B) The West Minister model of government insists on informal status of the cabinet. (C) The British Cabinet as a collective body is responsible for formulating the policy to be placed before the Parliament and is also the supreme controlling and directing body of the entire executive branch. (D) 6. The British Constitutional tradition requires separation of membership between Parliament and Cabinet. The Cabinet Minister in Britain need not be a member of the legislature. Which one of the following statements is correct ? (A) In Political Socialisation there is need to observe degree of political participation (B) Non-Political experiences do not contribute to the Political Socialisation (C) Political Socialisation is the establishment and development of attitudes to and beliefs about the Political System. (D) Political Socialisation ignores the links between authoritarian family structure and values. D 0207 2 - II U (50) S D (2) U 1. $ (The Laws) ? (A) 2. (C) U U U (D) U (B) (C) S U (D) U U ? (A) 4. (B) U S ? (A) 3. U U U (B) (C) S U U (D) S U U ? (A) U U S l U U U U U (B) U U , U m U U U U (C) (D) 5. U U S U U U S , ? (A) U U U , U U - S (B) M U U, U U S U U (C) U U S M , U U M U U - U U U (D) 6. U U S S ? (A) U U U U (B) U U U U U (C) U U , U S (attitude) S (D) U U , U U U ( ) U U D 0207 3 P.T.O. 7. Political parties are registered as per the provision of : (A) Article 324 of the Constitution (B) The Election Commission (C) The Election Commission in consultation with the Government (D) Representation of People s Act 1951 8. Which one of the following is the partner in the UPA Government ? (A) AIADMK (B) Asom Gana Parishad (C) INLD (D) DMK 9. Which one of the following State Assemblies has six years term ? (A) Punjab (B) Jammu and Kashmir (C) Himachal Pradesh (D) Kerala 10. Who called Hierarchy the scalar process ? (A) Mooney and Reiley (B) (C) Henri Fayol (D) Felix A. Nigro L.D. White 11. Which one of the following theories focusses on what is called informal organization ? (A) Systems Theory (B) Bureaucratic Theory (C) Classical Theory (D) Human Relations Theory 12. Who among the following argues that public administration is different from private administration ? (A) Paul H. Appleby (B) Henri Fayol (C) L. Urwick (D) Mary P. Follett 13. Who said the following ? The world must be made safe for democracy. We have no selfish ends to serve ........ we are but one of the champions of the right of mankind . (A) Mahatma Gandhi (B) Henry Kissinger (C) Morgenthau (D) Woodrow Wilson 14. With the end of cold war, and the disintegration of the erstwhile Soviet Union, we are in : (A) Bipolar World (B) Multipolar World Order (C) Unipolar System (D) Anarchy 15. Human nature was at the base of International Relations. And humans were Self-interested and power -seeking .... Who said this ? (A) Woodrow Wilson (B) Evans and Newham (C) Hans J.Morgenthau (D) Kenneth Waltz D 0207 4 7. U ..... U (A) (B) (C) 8. U 324 U U U U (D) 1951 U U U U U ? (A) (B) U (C) 9. . U. . U . . . . . . U . (D) U U ? (A) (B) U U (C) 10. (D) U (scalar process) ? (A) (B) . (C) 11. U U U (D) . U . U h U U (A) (B) U h (C) 12. S U h h (D) h m ? (A) (B) U (C) 13. U (D) U . U U U U M U U S .... (A) (B) U U (C) 14. U (D) U h U U U , (A) (B) U ( ) (C) 15. m U ( ) U ( ) (D) U ( ) U c U U S U S U ? (A) U (B) U (C) . U (D) U$ D 0207 5 P.T.O. Each of the following ten items consist of two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). You are to examine these two statements carefully and decide if the Assertion (A) and the Reason (R) are individually true and if so, whether Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A). Select your answers to these items using the codes given below : Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) (A) is true but (R) is false (A) is false but (R) is true Directions : (A) (B) (C) (D) 16. Assertion (A) : For Sri Aurobindo history is spiritually determined. Reason (R) : Culture and Civilization both act and interact in history. 17. Assertion (A) : According to Kautilya four wings of the army - elephants, cavalry, chariots and infantry - should be placed under different officers. Reason (R) : The officers do not fall prey to the enemy s intrigues. 18. Assertion (A) : There is no society today which can claim a single uniform political culture. Reason (R) : Patterns of cultural change differ from country to country. 19. Assertion (A) : States and the State system are basic and permanent features of the modern Political life. Reason (R) : The State system and Modernity are not closely related historically. 20. Assertion (A) : Exaggerated emphasis on bureaucratic and technocratic structures of management has done a great deal of harm to democratic polity in India. Reason (R) : Initiative from below has become the main victim. 21. Assertion (A) : Politicisation of criminals is more dangerous than criminalisation of politics. Reason (R) : Political parties have lost governing capacities. 22. Assertion (A) : Control over public administration is shifting from legislature to executive. Reason (R) : Parliament does not have sufficient time for detailed examination and scrutiny of governmental activities. 23. Assertion (A) : The government imparts various types of training to its employees. Reason (R) : Training enhances the efficiency of the employees by improving their work skills. D 0207 6 (A) U U U (R) U (A) U U (R) U (R), (A) U , , , U U (A) (B) (A) (R) , (R), (A) (C) (A) , U (R) (D) 16. (A) (R) , (R), (A) (A) , U (R) (A) U U U U U (R) 17. (A) S U U U US U U U U U U - U , , U U U (R) 18. (A) U U M U S U U (R) S 19. (A) U U U U U U S U (R) U 20. (A) U U U U M D h U U U U U U S U (R) 21. (A) U S U U U U U U U U U U (R) U 22. (A) , U U U (R) 23. (A) U U S U U U U U (R) D 0207 U h 7 P.T.O. 24. Assertion (A) : The underdeveloped countries suffer from the profound inequalities in contemporary world. Reason (R) : 25. Assertion (A) : The central issue in International Politics is the inability of our present global political system to adequately meet the problems created by globalization. Reason (R) : 26. International system should address issues of security, freedom and progress. Westphalia system has failed to satisfy the long term conditions for sustainability. Identify the correct chronological order in which the following were published : (i) Leviathan (ii) Modern Political Analysis (iii) A Theory of Justice (iv) The calculus of Consent Codes : (A) (B) (i), (ii), (iv), (iii) (C) 27. (i), (iv), (iii), (ii) (i), (iii), (ii), (iv) (D) (i), (iv), (ii), (iii) Identify the correct chronological order in which the following concepts/theories were born : (i) General Will (ii) Authority as Federal (iii) Satyagraha (iv) Gram Swaraj Codes : (A) (B) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) (C) 28. (i), (iii), (iv), (ii) (i), (iv), (ii), (iii) (D) (i), (ii), (iv), (iii) Identify the correct chronological order in which the following approaches emerged : (i) Philosophical Approach (ii) Behavioural Approach (iii) Marxist Approach (iv) Systems Approach Codes : (A) (iii), (ii), (iv), (i) (B) (iv), (i), (iii), (ii) (C) (ii), (i), (iv), (iii) (D) (i), (iii), (ii), (iv) D 0207 8 24. (A) U S U (R) U C U , U g U 25. (A) U C U g U S U S U U (R) S U 26. S U (susceptibility) C U S (i) (Leviathan) (ii) U U (Modern Political Analysis) (iii) U S U (A Theory of Justice) (iv) U (The Calculus of Consent) U (A) (iv), (iii), (ii) (B) (i), (ii), (C) 27. (i), (i), (iii), (ii), (D) (i), (iv), (ii), (iv) (iv), (iii) (iii) h (i) U (General Will) (ii) U U $ U U (Authority as Federal) (iii) (Satyagrah) (iv) S U U (Gram Swaraj) U (A) (iii), (iv), (ii) (B) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) (C) 28. (i), (i), (iv), (ii), (D) (i), (ii), (iv), (iii) (iii), (ii) (iii) (i) (ii) U (iii) (iv) S U (A) (iii), (ii), (iv), (i) (B) (iv), (i), (C) (ii), (iv), (iii) (D) (i), D 0207 (i), 9 (iii), (ii), (iv) P.T.O. 29. Identify the correct chronological order in which the following books were published : (i) Political Man (ii) The Power Elite (iii) Theory and Practice of Modern Governments (iv) Comparative Politics : A Developmental Approach Codes : (A) (B) (iv), (i), (iii), (ii) (C) 30. (i), (iv), (ii), (iii) (iii), (ii), (i), (iv) (D) (ii), (iv), (i), (iii) Identify the correct chronological order in which the following events occurred : (i) Unseating of Indira Gandhi according to Allahabad High Court verdict (ii) First split in the Congress after Independence. (iii) Garibi Hatao slogan used by congress in Parliamentary Elections. (iv) First Non-Congress Government at the centre Codes : (A) (B) (iv), (ii), (iii), (i) (C) 31. (iii), (iv), (ii), (i) (ii), (iii), (i), (iv) (D) (ii), (iv), (i), (iii) Identify the correct chronological order of the following landmark judgements by the Supreme Court : (i) Minerva Mills Case (ii) Golak Nath Case (iii) A.K. Gopalan Case (iv) Ninth Schedule of the Constitution Case Codes : (A) (B) (iii), (iv), (i), (ii) (C) 32. (iv), (ii), (iii), (i) (iii), (i), (ii), (iv) (D) (iii), (ii), (i), (iv) Consider the following landmarks in the emergence and growth of New Public Administration : (i) Honey Report (ii) Philadelphia Conference (iii) Publication of Towards a New Public Administration (iv) Minnowbrook Conference What is the correct sequence of the above ? Select the correct answer from the codes given below : Codes : (A) (ii), (i) (iv) and (iii) (B) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) (C) (ii), (iv), (iii) and (i) (D) (ii), (i) (iii) and (iv) D 0207 10 29. S (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Political Man The Power Elite Theory and Practice of Modern Governments Comparative Politics : A Developmental Approach U (A) (C) 30. (i), (iv), (ii), (iii), (ii), (i), (iii) (B) (iv), (i), (iv) (D) (ii), (iii), (ii) (iv), (i), (iii) U (i) U U U U (ii) (iii) U U U (iv) U- U U U (A) (i) (B) (iv), (ii), (C) 31. (iii), (iv), (ii), (ii), (iv) (D) (ii), (iii), (i), (iii), (i) (iv), (i), (iii) U U (i) (ii) (iii) . . (iv) U (A) (iii), (i) (B) (iii), (iv), (i), (ii) (C) 32. (iv), (ii), (iii), (i), (ii), (D) (iii), (ii), (iv) (iv) (i), U h D U U (i) Honey Report (ii) Philadelphia Conference (iii) Publication of Towards a New Public Administration (iv) Minnowbrook Conference ? U U U (A) (ii), (i), (iv) (iii) (B) (i), (ii), (iii) (iv) (C) (ii), (iv), (iii) (i) (D) (ii), (i), (iii) (iv) D 0207 11 P.T.O. 33. What is the correct sequence in which the following theories/approaches appeared ? (i) Human Relations Theory (ii) Max Weber s Bureaucratic Theory (iii) New Public Management (iv) Decision-making Theory Select the correct answer from the codes given below : Codes : (A) (ii), (i) (iv) and (iii) (B) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) (C) (ii), (iii), (iv) and (i) (D) (i), (iii) (ii) and (iv) 34. Identify the correct chronological sequence of the following : (i) Dismemberment of Soviet Union (ii) NAM (iii) NATO (iv) Indian Ocean Rim Codes : (A) (ii), (iv), (i), (iii) (B) (iv), (iii), (i), (ii) (C) (i), (iv), (iii), (ii) (D) (iii), (ii), (i), (iv) 35. Identify the correct chronological order of the following events : (i) Camp David (ii) My-lai Massacre (iii) Iraq s invasion of Kuwait (iv) G-8 summit in St. Petersburg Codes : (A) (iii), (iv), (ii), (i) (B) (ii), (iii), (iv), (i) (C) (ii), (i), (iii), (iv) (D) (i), (iii), (iv), (ii) 36. Match List - I with List - II and select the correct answer from the codes given below : List - I List - II (a) Plato (i) Private and Public Morality (b) Machiavelli (ii) Savitri (c) Hegel (iii) Time-Spirit (d) Aurobindo (iv) Philosopher King Codes : (a) (b) (c) (d) (A) (iv) (i) (iii) (ii) (B) (i) (ii) (iv) (iii) (C) (ii) (i) (iii) (iv) (D) (iii) (ii) (i) (iv) D 0207 12 33. h / ? (i) U $ h (ii) U U h (iii) U (iv) U h U U U (A) (i), (iv) (iii) (B) (i), (ii), (C) 34. (ii), (ii), (iii), (iv) (i) (D) (i), (B) (D) (iii) (iv) (iii), (ii) (iv) (iv), (iii), (i), (iii), (ii), (i), (ii) (iv) (i) U U (ii) (iii) U (iv) U U U (A) (C) 35. (ii), (i), (iv), (i), (iii) (iv), (iii), (ii) U (i) U U (ii) - U (iii) U m U U (iv) U U U$ G-8 U U (A) (C) 36. (iii), (iv), (ii), (ii), (i), (i) (B) U U -I (iii), (iv), (i) (D) (iii), (iv) (ii), (i), (iii), (iv), (ii) -I -II -II (a) U (i) U U U U (b) (ii) (c) (iii) U - S U U (d) U (iv) U U (A) (B) (C) (D) D 0207 (a) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii) (b) (i) (ii) (i) (ii) (c) (iii) (iv) (iii) (i) (d) (ii) (iii) (iv) (iv) 13 P.T.O. 37. Match List - I with List - II and select the correct answer from the codes given below : List - I List - II (a) The gate-keepers (i) Deutsch (b) Better to be a Socrates dissatisfied than a pig satisfied (ii) Jaya Prakash Narayan (c) Total revolution (iii) David Easton (d) Encoding and decoding (iv) J.S. Mill Codes : (a) (c) (d) (A) (i) (iii) (iv) (ii) (B) (iii) (iv) (ii) (i) (C) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i) (D) 38. (b) (i) (ii) (iv) (iii) Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched ? (A) (B) Political Socialisation : Process of induction into the political culture (C) Lucian Pye : Structural differentiation (D) 39. Pareto : Organski : Political decay Circulation of elites Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched ? (A) : Iron Law of Oligarchy (B) Huntington : Modernisation- a multifaceted process (C) Karl Deutsch : Receptors (D) 40. Robert Michels Almond : Elitist theory of democracy Match List - I with List - II and select the correct answer from the codes given below : List - I List - II (a) Communal Award (i) 1996 (b) J P s Bihar Movement (ii) 1982 (c) Giani Zail Singh s accession to Presidency (iii) 1932 (d) Vajpayee s first Prime Ministership (iv) 1974 Codes : (a) (b) (c) (d) (A) (i) (ii) (iv) (iii) (B) (iii) (ii) (iv) (i) (C) (iii) (iv) (ii) (i) (D) (iv) (ii) (iii) (i) D 0207 14 37. U U -I -II -II -I (a) U- (i) U (b) C U C U U (ii) U (c) (iii) U U U (d) U U U U (iv) . . U (A) (B) (C) (b) (iii) (iv) (iii) (c) (iv) (ii) (iv) (d) (ii) (i) (i) (D) 38. (a) (i) (iii) (ii) (i) (ii) (iv) (iii) U ? (A) (B) U U U S (C) U U (D) 39. U U U S U ? (A) S (B) U U U - (C) U Receptors (D) 40. U U U h U U U -I -II -II -I (a) U (i) 1996 (b) . . U (ii) 1982 (c) U C (iii) 1932 (d) U (iv) 1974 U (A) (B) (C) (a) (i) (iii) (iii) (b) (ii) (ii) (iv) (c) (iv) (iv) (ii) (d) (iii) (i) (i) (D) (iv) (ii) (iii) (i) D 0207 15 P.T.O. 41. Match List - I with List - II and select the correct answer from the codes given below : List - I List - II (a) Rajni Kothari (i) In pursuit of Lakshmi : The political economy of the Indian State (b) Lloyd and Susanne Rudolph (ii) Discovery of India (c) Jawahar Lal Nehru (iii) An Autobiography : The story of My Experiment with Truth (d) Mahatma Gandhi (iv) State against democracy : In search of Humane Governance Codes : (a) (c) (d) (A) (ii) (i) (iii) (iv) (B) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii) (C) (iii) (iv) (ii) (i) (D) 42. (b) (i) (iii) (iv) (ii) Match List - I with List - II and select the correct answer from the codes given below : List - I List - II (a) Span of control (i) J.D. Mooney (b) Scalar Process (ii) V.A. Graicunas (c) Hereditary authority (iii) Henri Fayol (d) Fourteen principles of organisation (iv) Max Weber Codes : (a) (b) (c) (d) (A) (i) (ii) (iv) (iii) (B) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii) (C) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i) (D) (i) (iii) (ii) (iv) D 0207 16 41. U U -I -II -I -II (a) U U U (i) In pursuit of Lakshmi : The political economy of the Indian State (b) U U $ L U (ii) Discovery of India (c) U M (iii) An Autobiography : The story of My Experiment with Truth (d) (iv) State against democracy : In search of Human Governance U (a) (c) (d) (A) (ii) (i) (iii) (iv) (B) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii) (C) (iii) (iv) (ii) (i) (D) 42. (b) (i) (iii) (iv) (ii) U U -I -II -II -I (a) S (Span of control) (i) . U . (b) (Scalar Process) (ii) . . (c) (Hereditary authority) (iii) U (d) U h (Fourteen principles (iv) U of organisation) U (a) (b) (c) (d) (A) (i) (ii) (iv) (iii) (B) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii) (C) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i) (D) (i) (iii) (ii) (iv) D 0207 17 P.T.O. 43. Match List - I with List - II and select the correct answer from the codes given below : List - I List - II (a) Bureaucratic (i) Administrative system as a sub system of social system (b) Behavioural (ii) Agraria-industria (c) General system (iii) Legal rational authority (d) Ecological (iv) Analysis of human behaviour Codes : (a) (b) (c) (d) (A) (iii) (iv) (ii) (i) (B) (iv) (iii) (i) (ii) (C) (D) 44. (iv) (i) (i) (iv) (ii) (iii) Match List - I with List - II and select the correct answer from the codes given below : List - I List - II (a) Architect of India s Foreign Policy (i) S.C. Bose (b) Russia (ii) China (c) Panchsheel (iii) Putin (d) I N A (iv) Jawahar Lal Nehru Codes : (a) (b) (c) (d) (A) (iv) (iii) (i) (ii) (B) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii) (C) (D) 45. (iii) (ii) (iv) (iii) (iii) (ii) (ii) (iv) (i) (i) Match List - I with List - II and select the correct answer from the codes given below : List - I List - II (a) Bull, H. (i) Revolutionary System (b) Kaplan, M. (ii) The End of History (c) Fukuyam, F. (iii) Systems Theory (d) Karl Marx (iv) Evolutionary System Codes : (a) (b) (c) (d) (A) (ii) (iv) (i) (ii) (B) (C) (D) D 0207 (i) (iii) (iv) (iv) (ii) (iii) (ii) (iv) (ii) (iii) (i) (i) 18 43. U U -I -I (a) U / U -II -II (i) S S S (b) U (ii) l U (c) S (iii) U (d) U (iv) S U (A) (B) (C) (D) 44. (a) (iii) (iv) (iii) (ii) (b) (iv) (iii) (iv) (i) (c) (ii) (i) (i) (iv) (d) (i) (ii) (ii) (iii) -I U U U -II -II -I (a) U (i) (b) M (ii) (c) (iii) (d) $ (iv) U L U (A) (B) (C) (D) 45. (a) (iv) (ii) (iv) (iii) (b) (iii) (i) (iii) (ii) (c) (i) (iv) (ii) (iv) (d) (ii) (iii) (i) (i) U U -I -II -I -II (a) , (i) U (b) , (ii) (c) , (iii) h (d) (iv) U (A) (B) (C) (D) D 0207 (a) (ii) (i) (iii) (iv) (b) (iv) (iv) (ii) (iii) (c) (i) (ii) (iv) (ii) (d) (ii) (iii) (i) (i) 19 P.T.O. Read the passage below, and answer the questions on the basis of your understanding of the passage : It is this impatience with the inability of the critical theorists to provide an alternative model of society, as distinct from suggesting an alternative method of analysis of the present one, which is in part at the root of the criticisms which have been levelled against the critical philosophers and political theorists in the course of the second half of the 1970 s, but another reason for this (often strident) criticisms is the increasing feeling of inauthenticity - or hypocrisy - which seems to surround the critical approach. For instance, Rousseau felt disgusted by Voltaire s double standard, which led Voltaire to become the protege of the King of Prussia and yet to continue to be engaged in virulent attacks on absolutist regimes. The so-called new philosophers who emerged in the 1970 s in France in particular, have increasingly felt that the rarefied, hypersophisticated and complex critiques of Western Capitalist society under the banner of neo-Marxism acted as a huge smokescreen to cover-up the even more unacceptable modes of behaviour of Eastern totalitarian communist governments, the aim of the new philosophers is to unmask , once more, but in the name of commonsense, because, to borrow the title of one of the works written in this vein, Barbary has now a human face . (B.H. Levy, 1977) Much of the critique of the critics has an emotional base, but much of the critical analysis itself - and that of Marx to begin with - had or has an emotional base - namely that capitalism was unacceptable because of the sufferings it was imposing on human beings and that it is still imposing, in the eyes of the neo-Marxists, on the human race. The anti-Marxist critics also start from the emotional stand point that, under the cover of Marxism, a totalitarian lead casket is imposed already on part of mankind and is gradually being imposed on an increasingly larger part. Thus the new critics of Marxism write in the same vein as and emulate some of the older political theorists. The contemporary world is in many ways as Hobbesian as the state of nature described by the seventeenth century English writer; the excesses of dictatorship have to be stigmatized and alternatives have to be elaborated and presented to mankind as, otherwise the dominance of the ruthless will be assured. Political theory started from a disgust with the state of things as they were as well as out of a desire to understand what was going on. Blueprints presented by Plato, Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau were means of getting out of the human predicament; political theory must continue to fulfil this function because if it does not, mankind will once more, fall into a barbaric state. D 0207 20 U U U U U (critical) h U ( M ) S U U M ( U ) , M (critical) 1970 U h U h U L h U U U U U U U (critical approach) U M U U U U M U U U U U U U 1970 U M , U U U U h U Uc U U U S U U U S U U U (smokescreen) U U U U U s U U U U , U , L U U U S U U U C U U U C U U U U U U U U U U U h U U U Z U , U U ( ) U h U S U U U , U U M U U , , U L U h U U U U c U U S D 0207 21 P.T.O. 46. The author is primarily concerned with the criticism of : (A) (B) Traditional Theorists (C) 47. Critical Theorists Western Philosophers (D) Gaps in a few Political Theories The author finds fault with Voltaire because of : (A) (B) his criticism of Prussian regime (C) his criticism of absolutism and support to absolutist Prussian state system (D) 48. his attacks on democracy his ideas on human freedom The new philosophers use the expression smokescreen for : (A) (B) Exposing the dictatorial regimes (C) Supporting the western capitalist society (D) 49. Analysing the views of the socialists Camouflaging the unacceptable behaviour of Eastern totalitarian regimes The contemporary world, according to the author, is : (A) (B) full of sufferings of the people (C) largely totalitarian (D) 50. basically democratic full of human rights violations The basic objective of political theory, according to the author is : (A) to steer clear of all the cover-ups (B) to criticize capitalist society (C) to expose totalitarian regimes (D) to help human beings in their predicament -oOoD 0207 22 46. __________ (A) (B) U U h (C) 47. h (D) U h U U U (A) (B) U U (C) U U S (D) 48. U U S U - S S ( U) __________ (A) (B) (C) S (D) 49. U U U U U __________ (A) (B) (C) U (totaliterian) (D) 50. U U h g (A) U U (B) U (C) U U (D) c U U S U -oOoD 0207 23 P.T.O. Space For Rough Work D 0207 24

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