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UGC NET DEC 2009 : ANTHROPOLOGY PAPER III

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Signature and Name of Invigilator Roll No. 1. (Signature) __________________________ (Name) ____________________________ 2. (Signature) __________________________ (Name) ____________________________ (In figures as per admission card) Roll N o.____________________________ (In words) Test Booklet No. D-0709 Time : 2 1/2 hours] PAPER-III ANTHROPOLOGY Number of Pages in this Booklet : 40 Instructions for the Candidates 1. Write your roll number in the space provided on the top of this page. 2. Answer to short answer/essay type questions are to be given in the space provided below each question or after the questions in the Test Booklet itself. No Additional Sheets are to be used. 3. At the commencement of examination, the question booklet will be given to you. In the first 5 minutes, you are requested to open the booklet and compulsorily examine it as below : (i) To have access to the Question Booklet, tear off the paper seal on the edge of this cover page. Do not accept a booklet without sticker-seal and do not accept an open booklet. (ii) Tally the number of pages and number of questions in the booklet with the information printed on the cover page. Faulty booklets due to pages/questions missing or duplicate or not in serial order or any other discrepancy should be got replaced immediately by a correct booklet from the invigilator within the period of 5 minutes. Afterwards, neither the Question Booklet will be replaced nor any extra time will be given. 4. Read instructions given inside carefully. 5. One page is attached for Rough Work at the end of the booklet before the Evaluation Sheet. 6. If you write your name or put any mark on any part of the Answer Sheet, except for the space allotted for the relevant entries, which may disclose your identity, you will render yourself liable to disqualification. 7. You have to return the test booklet to the invigilators at the end of the examination compulsorily and must not carry it with you outside the Examination Hall. 8. Use only Blue/Black Ball point pen. 9. Use of any calculator or log table etc., is prohibited. D-0709 [Maximum Marks : 200 Number of Questions in this Booklet : 26 1. 2. , 3. , - - : (i) - - (ii) - / - - 4. 5. - (Rough Work) 6. - , 7. - 8. / 9. ( ) P.T.O. ANTHROPOLOGY PAPER-III -III Note : This paper is of two hundred (200) marks containing four (4) sections. Candidates are required to attempt the questions contained in these sections according to the detailed instructions given therein. : (200) (4) D-0709 2 SECTION I I This section contains five (5) questions based on the following paragraph. Each question should be answered in about thirty (30) words and carries five (5) marks. (5 5 = 25 Marks) (5) (30) (5) (5 5 = 25 ) Read the following paragraph carefully and answer all the questions below. Answer should not exceed 30 words. The interrelations between the biological and the cultural components of human evolution may be brought out perhaps most clearly if we consider that they serve the same basic function adaptation to and control of man s environments. Most contemporary evolutionists are of the opinion that adaptation of a living species to its environment is the chief agency impelling and directing biological evolution. As stated above, the adaptation takes place through natural selection, which promotes the survival and reproduction of the carriers of some genetic endowments and inhibits others. The construction of man s body and the conformation of his intellect developed as they did because they made our species biologically highly successful (which is not saying that man s biological frame is the acme of perfection in all respects; see Chapter 12). The genetic basis of man s capacity to acquire, develop or modify, and transmit culture emerged because of the adaptive advantages which this capacity conferred on its possessors (Chapter 8). Culture is, however, an instrument of adaptation which is vastly more efficient than the biological processes which led to its inception and advancement. It is more efficient among other things because it is more rapid changed genes are transmitted only to the direct descendants of the individuals in whom they first appear; to replace the old genes, the carriers of the new ones must gradually outbreed and supplant the D-0709 3 P.T.O. former. Changed culture may be transmitted to anybody regardless of biological parentage, or borrowed ready-made from other peoples (see Chapters 2-4). In producing the genetic basis of culture, biological evolution has transcended itself it has produced the superorganic. Yet the superorganic has not annulled the organic. The hypothesis of the psychic unity of mankind is justified to the extent that all members of the species Homo sapiens free of overt pathology are capable of learning a symbolic language and a variety of cultural forms. This only means that the capacity has become established as a species characteristic, like the erect posture, ability to subsist on diverse diets, absence of a breeding season, a brain size exceeding that of other living primates, and much else besides (see Chapter 10). But it does not follow that the genetic variability affecting the capacity to learn has suddenly evaporated in human populations. This is unlikely on theoretical grounds, and is contradicted by much evidence (see Chapter 4). Why do so many people insist that biological and cultural evolutions are absolutely independent ? I suggest that this is due in large part to a widespread misunderstanding of the nature of heredity. As will be shown in more detail in the following chapters, biological heredity, which is the basis of biological evolution, does not transmit cultural, or for that matter physical, traits ready-made; what it does is determine the response of the developing organism to the environment in which the development takes place. To say that cancer runs in families does not mean that every member of these families dies of cancer, and the inheritance of longevity does not guarantee a long life to some and a short one to others apart from accidents, one s life may be prolonged or shortened by the environmental hazards which one meets, and by how one chooses to live (but this choice may, in turn, be partly conditioned by one s genes). D-0709 4 (30) : , , , ( ; -12) , , ( 8) , ( ) , ; , - , , , ( 2-4) , , , , , , ( -10) D-0709 5 P.T.O. ( -4) , , , , ; , , , , , , , ( , , ) 1. How does adaptation take place through natural selection ? ? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ D-0709 6 2. How is culture an instrument of adaptation ? , ? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. How are the biological and cultural evolutions not independent ? ? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ D-0709 7 P.T.O. 4. Do you find cultural evolution faster than biological evolution ? ? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. What is meant by psychic unity of mankind ? ? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ D-0709 8 SECTION II II Note : This section contains fifteen (15) questions, each to be answered in about thirty (30) words. Each question carries five (5) marks. (15 5 = 75 Marks) : - (5-5) (15) (30) (15 5 = 75 ) 6. Define Polymorphism and explain its types. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ D-0709 9 P.T.O. 7. What is mating pattern ? Explain its significance. ( ) ? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Describe importance of studying palmar dermatoglyphics. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ D-0709 10 9. Enumerate various techniques used for biochemical analysis. - ( ) _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Describe the significance of nutrition in growth. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ D-0709 11 P.T.O. 11. What is a composite tool ? ( - ) ? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 12. What is the meaning of incipient food production ? ? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ D-0709 12 13. Point out the significance of prepared core technique. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 14. Bring out the main features of urbanisation in Indus Valley. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ D-0709 13 P.T.O. 15. What do you understand by salvage archaeology ? ? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 16. What is cultural relativism ? ? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ D-0709 14 17. What do you understand by holistic approach ? ? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 18. What is social organization ? ? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ D-0709 15 P.T.O. 19. What is the nature of Sixth Schedule of Indian Constitution ? ? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 20. Why the term bride-wealth is preferred over the word bride-price ? - - , ? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ D-0709 16 SECTION III III Note : This section contains five (5) questions from each of the electives/specialisations. The candidate has to choose only one elective/specialisation and answer all the five questions from it. Each question carries twelve (12) marks and is to be answered in about two hundred (200) words. (5 12 = 60 Marks) : / (5) / (12) (200) (5 12 = 60 ) Elective-I -I (Physical Anthropology) ( ) 21. Discuss the basis of synthetic theory of evolution. 22. Describe the methods of studying heredity. 23. Differentiate between the anatomical characteristics of man and large apes. - 24. Describe the importance of dermatoglyphic traits in personal identification. - 25. Describe various techniques used for studying chromosomal structure and polymorphism. ( ) OR/ D-0709 17 P.T.O. Elective-II -II (Prehistoric Archaeology) ( ) 21. Give an account of the Mesolithic culture found in the forested zone of Early Holocene Europe. , 22. Bring out the consequences of Neolithic revolution. 23. Give an account of PGW (Painted Gray Ware) culture of India. P.G.W. 24. Write in brief how Indus Valley Civilization came to an end. 25. What is cave art ? Give example. ? OR/ Elective-III -III (Social-cultural Anthropology) ( - ) 21. Discuss the origins of fieldwork tradition in Social Anthropology. 22. What are the functions of religion and magic ? ? 23. Discuss the different types of economic exchanges found in non-monetized economies. - D-0709 18 24. Write a note on the debate of joint family in India. 25. Examine the notion of Indian Village as a dimension of Indian Civilization. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ D-0709 19 P.T.O. SECTION IV IV Note : This section consists of one essay type question of forty (40) marks to be answered in about one thousand (1000) words on any one of the following topics. (1 40 = 40 Marks) : (40) , (1000) (1 40 = 40 ) 26. Describe the important fossils from South and East Africa, which have bearing on the early stages of human evolution. OR/ Point out the importance of village farming communities in the Indus Valley for the development of civilization in the area. OR/ Discuss the nature and typology of tribal movements from Central India and NorthEast India. - _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ D-0709 30

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Additional Info : Ugc Net December 2009 Question Paper -Anthropology Paper III
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