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UGC NET JUN 2006 : ANTHROPOLOGY PAPER III

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Signature and Name of Invigilator Roll No. (In figures as per admission card) 1. (Signature) (Name) Roll No. 2. (Signature) (Name) Test Booklet No. J 0 7 0 6 Time : 2 hours] (In words) PAPER III ANTHROPOLOGY Number of Pages in this Booklet : 40 [Maximum Marks : 200 Number of Questions in this Booklet : 26 Instructions for the Candidates U U 1. Write your roll number in the space provided on the top of this page. 1. U DU U S U U U U U 2. U U U, U S U U 2. Answers to short answer/essay type questions are to be given in the space provided below each question or after the questions in the Test Booklet itself. U U No Additional Sheets are to be used. 3. U U U, - S U U U - S U U 3. At the commencement of examination, the question booklet will be given to you. In the first 5 minutes, you are requested to open the booklet and compulsorily examine it as below : (i) - S U U U U U U U S U U- U S S U U (i) To have access to the Test Booklet, tear off the paper seal on the edge of this cover page. Do not accept a booklet without sticker-seal and do not accept an open booklet. (ii) U DU U U U - S DU U U U U U U S DU / U U U U U S S U U U U U S U U - S U U - S U UQ (ii) Tally the number of pages and number of questions in the booklet with the information printed on the cover page. Faulty booklets due to pages/questions missing or duplicate or not in serial order or any other discrepancy should be got replaced immediately by a correct booklet from the invigilator within the period of 5 minutes. Afterwards, neither the question booklet will be replaced nor any extra time will be given. 4. U U 4. Read instructions given inside carefully. 5. One page is attached for Rough Work at the end of the booklet before the Evaluation Sheet. 5. U U- S (Rough Work) U U DU 6. If you write your name or put any mark on any part of the Answer Sheet, except for the space allotted for the relevant entries, which may disclose your identity, you will render yourself liable to disqualification. 6. U- S U , U U U U 7. U # U U- S U U U U U # U U U U 7. You have to return the Test booklet to the invigilators at the end of the examination compulsorily and must not carry it with you outside the Examination Hall. 8. / U Z U S U 8. Use only Blue/Black Ball point pen. 9. Use of any calculator or log table etc. is prohibited. 9. U ( U U) U U 10. There is NO negative marking. 10. U U J 0706 1 P.T.O. ANTHROPOLOGY PAPER III - III NOTE : This paper is of two hundred (200) marks containing four (4) sections. Candidates are required to attempt the questions contained in these sections according to the detailed instructions given therein. (200) (4) S J 0706 2 SECTION - I U I Note : This section contains five (5) questions based on the following paragraph. Each question should be answered in about thirty (30) words and each carries five (5) marks. (5x5=25 marks) (5) (30) (5) (5x5=25 ) Read the following paragraph carefully and answer all the questions given below. Answers should not exceed 30 words in each case. To meet their requirements for food, water, and shelter, people must adjust their behaviour to suit their environment. This adjustment, which involves both change and stability, is a part of adaptation. Adaptation means a moving balance exists between a society s needs and its environmental potential. Adaptation also refers to the interaction between an organism - be it a human or some other animal - and its environment, with each causing changes in the other. Adaptation is a continuing process, and it is essential for survival. An ecosystem is bound by the activities of organisms and by physical forces such as erosion. Human ecosystems must be considered in terms of all aspects of culture. To fit into an ecosystem an organism must be able to adapt or become a part of it. Once such a fit is achieved, stability may serve the organism s interest more than change, until the system is upset in some way. A culture area is a region in which different societies follow similar patterns of life. Since geographic regions are not always uniform in climate and topography, new discoveries do not always spread to every group. Environmental variation also favors variation in technology, since needs may be quite different from area to area. Julian Steward used the concept of culture type to explain variations within geographical regions. In this view a culture is considered in terms of a particular technology and of the particular environmental features that technology is best suited for. The social and political organization of a society are other factors that influence how technology can be used to ensure survival. Those features of a culture that play a part in the way the society makes a living are its culture core. Anthropologists can trace direct relationships between types of culture cores and types of environments. The food - foraging way of life, the oldest and most universal type of human adaptation, requires that people move their residence according to changing food sources. For as yet unknown ecological and social factors, local group size is kept J 0706 3 P.T.O. small. One explanation contends that small sizes fit the land s capacity to sustain the groups. Another states that the fewer the people, the less the chance of social conflict. The primary mechanisms for regulation of population size among food foragers are absence of sufficient reserves of fat in females before early adulthood, and frequent stimulation of their nipples, which prevents ovulation, as infants nurse several times an hour for several years. Three important elements of human social organization probably developed along with scavenging and hunting for meat. These are a division of labour by gender, food sharing, and the camp as the center of daily activity and the place where food sharing takes place. A characteristic of food - foraging societies is their egalitarianism. Since this way of life requires mobility, people accumulate only the material goods necessary for survival, so that status differences are limited to those based on age and sex. Status differences associated with sex, however, do not imply subordination of women to men. Food resources are distributed equally throughout the groups; thus no individual can achieve the wealth or status that hoarding might bring. The reason for the transition from food foraging to food production, which began about 11,000 to 9,000 years ago, was likely the unforeseen result of increased management of wild food resources. One correlate of the food - producing revolution was the development of permanent settlements as people practiced horticulture using simple hand tools. One common form of horticulture is slash - and - burn, or swidden farming. Intensive agriculture, a more complex activity, requires irrigation, fertilizers, and draft animals. Pastoralism is a means of subsistence that relies on raising herds of domesticated animals, such as cattle, sheep, and goats. Pastoralists are usually nomads, moving to different pastures as required for grass and water. Cities developed as intensified agricultural techniques created a surplus, freeing individuals to specialize full - time in other activities. Social structure becomes increasingly stratified with the development of cities, and people are ranked according to gender, the work they do, and the family they are born into. Social relationships grow more formal and centralized political institutions are formed. One should not conclude that the sequence from food foraging, through horticultural/pastoral, to intensive agricultural nonindustrial urban and then industrial societies is inevitable, even though these did appear in that order. Where older adaptations continue to prevail, it is because conditions are such that they continue to work so well and provide such satisfaction that the people who maintain them prefer them to the alternatives of which they are aware. It is not because of any backwardness or ignorance. Modern food - foraging, horticultural, pastoral, non industrial, and industrial urban societies are all highly evolved adaptations, each in its own particular way. J 0706 4 (30) M S S S , ( ) l S S ( S ) S S S S S # S S S h ( ) Z # , S , S S C , S S S S ( ) , , S ( ) S S ( - ) , d , Z S S g , ( ) Z (S ) , o , S S L J 0706 5 P.T.O. D D S L M D S 11,000 9,000 ( ) S , S Z , - , , , , m Z , S S , S c , , , l l R R S S C S - l , , l , l , , 1. What is the relation between adjustment and adaptation ? S ? J 0706 6 2. How does an organism adapt itself to fit into an ecosystem ? ( ) S ? 3. What is a culture area ? S ? J 0706 7 P.T.O. 4. What are the advantages of small group existence ? S ? 5. What adaptive changes have been reported with the development of cities ? ? J 0706 8 SECTION - II U II Note : This section contains fifteen (15) questions, each to be answered in about thirty (30) words. Each question carries five (5) marks. (5x15=75 marks) - (5-5) (15) (30) (5x15=75 ) 6. What is New Ethnography ? ( ) ? J 0706 9 P.T.O. 7. How is the Basic Personality structure defined ? ( S ) ? 8. What is the significance of the Potlach ? ? J 0706 10 9. What is a segment in the Nuer political system ? ? 10. What is the importance of the Sixth Schedule in the context of tribals ? ? J 0706 11 P.T.O. 11. What is Joint Forest Management (JFM) ? ( . . ) ? 12. What is adaptive radiation ? ( ) ? J 0706 12 13. Give the characteristic features of prosimii. 14. What are the criteria of autosomal dominant inheritance ? ? J 0706 13 P.T.O. 15. Define Hardy - Weinberg Law . 16. Write a note on Down s syndrome. J 0706 14 17. What is DNA finger printing ? . . . ? 18. What is C14 method ? 14 ? J 0706 15 P.T.O. 19. Write on Madrasian Handaxe ? ? 20. What is a microlith ? ? J 0706 16 SECTION - III U III Note : This section contains five (5) questions from each of the electives / specialisations. The candidate has to choose only one elective / specialisation and answer all the five questions from it. Each question carries twelve (12) marks and is to be answered in about two hundred (200) words. (12x5=60 marks) , / (5) / (12) (200) (12x5=60 ) Elective - I U I (Social-Cultural Anthropology) ( - S ) 21. How has Raymond Firth made a distinction between social structure and social organization ? ? 22. Discuss the holistic approach to the study of culture. S ( S ) 23. Differentiate between diffusion and acculturation. J 0706 17 P.T.O. 24. Discuss the importance of descent in tribal social structure. ( ) 25. Explain the basic objectives of ethnography. ( ) g S C OR / Elective - II II (Physical Anthropology) ( ) 21. Examine the main postulates of the synthetic theory of Evolution. h ( ) 22. Discuss Man s position in the Animal Kingdom. ( ) c S 23. Discuss the relationship between abnormal hemoglobins and malaria with special reference to evolutionary mechanism. 24. Discuss sex - linked inheritance with suitable examples. ( ) J 0706 18 25. Write an explanatory note on glucose - 6 - phosphate Dehydrogenase deficiency. 6 - S OR / Elective - III III (Prehistoric Archaeology) ( ) 21. Examine the absolute methods of dating with suitable examples. 22. Discuss the cultural significance of Bhimbeeka. S 23. Describe the Mesolithic culture of Europe. S 24. Give an account of the distribution of Indus Valley Civilization. S 25. Write an explanatory note on Megaliths of Southern India. J 0706 19 P.T.O. SECTION - IV IV Note : This section consists of one essay type question of forty (40) marks to be answered in about one thousand (1000) words on any of the following topics. (40x1=40 marks) (40) , (1000) (40x1=40 ) 26. Discuss functionalism in anthropological theory. h OR / Critically examine the concept of Inborn Errors of Metabolism with suitable examples. OR / Write on Blade and Burin Technology and its impact on prehistoric cultures. S J 0706 31 P.T.O.

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Additional Info : Ugc Net June 2006 Question Paper - Anthropology Paper III
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