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ICSE Notes 2016 : Physics (Vidya International School (VIS), Yeola)

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Calorimetry 1. Heat energy : It is an invisible energy which produces in us the sensation of hotness or coldness. or It is the sum total of kinetic and potential energy of all the molecules of a given substance. 2. Temperature : The degree of hotness or coldness of a body is called temperature. or It is the average kinetic energy of all the molecules of a given substance. 3. Calorimetry : A branch of Physics which deals with the measurement of heat energy. 4. Calorimeter : A copper or an aluminium vessel along with a stirrer used in the measurement of heat energy. 5. Calorie : It is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water through 1 C. 6. Kilocalorie : It is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water, through 1 C. 7. The heat absorbed by a cold body is directly proportional to its mass and the rise in temperature. Class-X 1 Key points 8. The heat given out by a hot body is directly proportional to its mass and the fall in temperature. 9. Specific heat capacity : It is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of substance through 1 C (or 1 K). 10. Units of specific heat capacity : In the CGS system In the SI system J or Jg 1 C 1 or Cal g 1 C 1 (old system) g C J or Jkg 1 K 1 or Kcal kg 1 C 1 (old system) kg K 11. (a) 1 calorie = 4.2 J (b) 1 kilocalorie = 4200 J. 12. Thermal capacity or Heat capacity : The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a given mass of substance through 1 C is called thermal capacity. Mathematically, it is the product of mass and specific heat capacity. 13. Units of Thermal capacity (a) In the CGS system J C 1 (b) In the SI system JK 1 (c) In the old system calorie C 1. 14. Melting or Fusion : The process of changing a solid into liquid state, at constant temperature, with the gain of energy from an external source is called melting or fusion. Class-X 2 Key points 15. Melting point : The constant temperature at which a solid changes into liquid state is called melting point. 16. Solidification point : The constant temperature at which a liquid changes into solid state is called solidification point. The numerical value of melting point and solidification point is the same. 17. The melting point of a substance, increases with the increase in pressure and vice-versa, for those substances which expand on heating and contract on cooling. For example, copper; silver; gold; wax, etc. 18. The melting point of a solid, decreases with the increase in pressure and viceversa, for those solids, which contract on heating and expand on cooling. For example, cast iron; type metal; ice, etc. 19. Latent heat of fusion is the amount of heat energy required to melt the given mass of a solid at its melting point, without any rise in temperature. 20. Specific latent heat of fusion : It is the amount of heat energy required to melt 1 kg of a solid at its melting point, without any rise in temperature. 21. Units of specific latent heat of fusion. (a) In the CGS system Jg 1, (b) In the SI system Jkg 1, (c) In the old system cal g 1. 22. Specific latent heat of fusion of Ice : It is the amount of heat energy required to melt 1 kg of ice at 0 C to form 1 kg of water at 0 C, without any rise in temperature. Class-X 3 Key points 23. Ice has the highest specific latent heat of fusion. Its experimental value is (a) 336 Jg 1 in the CGS system, (b) 336 103 Jkg 1 in the SI system, (c) 80 cal g 1 in the old system. 24. Boiling : The process of rapid change of a liquid to gaseous state, at the fixed temperature, with the absorption of heat energy from external source is called boiling. 25. Boiling point : The constant temperature at which a liquid rapidly changes into gaseous state is called boiling point. Class-X 4 Key points

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