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acid bases and salt

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Acids, Bases, and Salts 1. Acid : A compound which on dissolving in water furnishes proton [hydrogen ion (H+)] as the only positively charged ion is called an acid. or A compound which on dissolving in water furnishes hydronium ion as only positively charged ion is called an acid. 2. Organic acid : An acid derived from an animal or vegetable origin is called organic acid, e.g., formic acid; acetic acid; citric acid; tartaric acid, etc. 3. Mineral acid : An acid derived from minerals is called mineral acid, e.g., HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, HBr, etc. 4. Basicity of an acid : The number of hydrogen ions [H+ (aq)], which can be produced by one molecule of an acid on complete ionisation is called basicity of the acid. 5. Monobasic acid : When one molecule of an acid on complete ionisation produces one hydrogen ion [H+ (aq)] then the acid is said to be monobasic, e.g., HCl, HNO3, HBr, HI, HCOOH, CH3COOH. 6. Dibasic acid : When one molecule of an acid on complete ionisation produces two hydrogen ions [H+ (aq)] then the acid is said to be dibasic, e.g., : H2SO4, H2SO3, H2CO3, (COOH)2, H2S. 7. Tribasic acid : When one molecule of an acid on complete ionisation produces three hydrogen ions [H+ (aq)], then the acid is said to be tribasic, e.g., : H3PO4, H3PO3. 8. Strength of an acid : The degree of dissociation of an acid in aqueous solution is called strength of an acid. No. of acid molecules ionised Degree of dissociation = 100. No.of molecules of acid in solution 9. Strong acids : The acids which undergo almost complete ionisation (more than 30%) in an aqueous solution, thereby producing high concentration of H+ (aq) ions, are called strong acids, e.g., HNO3, HCl and H2SO4. 1 Key Points

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