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metallurgy 2

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METALLURGY I 1. Physical differences between metals and non-metals : Metals Non-metals (a) Metals are generally solids at the room temperature. Exception : Mercury is a liquid at the room temperature. (b) Metals are generally hard. Exception : Sodium, potassium, lead, gold and magnesium. (c) Metals have a lustre and can be highly polished. (d) Metals generally have a high density. Exception : Sodium and potassium are lighter than water. (e) Metals generally have a high m.p. and b.p. Exception : Sodium and potassium have a low m.p. and b.p. (f) Metals are generally malleable and ductile. Exception : Zinc, antimony, arsenic and bismuth are not malleable. (g) Metals generally have a very high tensile strength. Exception : Zinc, arsenic, antimony and bismuth. (h) Metals are generally good conductors of heat and electricity. Exception : Bismuth and tungsten are poor conductors of electricity. (i) Metals in the molten state dissolve in each other to form alloys. (a) Non-metals are gaseous or liquids or brittle solid at the room temperature. (b) Non-metals are generally soft. Exception : Diamond is the hardest naturally occurring allotrope of carbon. (c) Non-metals do not have any lustre. (d) Non-metals generally have low density. Exception : Diamond is almost as heavy as aluminium. (e) Non-metals generally have a low m.p. and b.p. Exception : Carbon, silicon and boron have a high m.p. and b.p. (f) Non-metals are generally nonmalleable and non-ductile. They are brittle in nature, if solids. Exception : Carbon fibre, an allotrope of carbon, is very ductile. (g) Non-metals do not have a high tensile strength. Exception : Carbon fibre is as tensile as steel. (h) Non-metals are generally poor conductors of electricity. Exception : Gas carbon and graphite are good conductors of electricity. (i) Non-metals do not form alloys. 1 Key Points

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