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Organic Chemistry-III 1. Methanol [CH3OH] : (a) Laboratory Preparation : When methyl halides are boiled with aqueous sodium hydroxide, hydrolysis takes place with the formation of methanol. boiling CH3Cl + NaOH (aq) NaCl + CH3OH (methanol) boiling NaBr + CH3OH (methanol) CH3Br + NaOH (aq) (b) Industrial preparation : When water gas ( a mixture of CO and H2) is mixed with hydrogen and passed over heated catalyst (Cr2O3 or ZnO) at 350 C, it reacts to form methanol. Cr2O3 ZnO [CO + H2] + H2 CH3OH [Methanol] (c) Physical Properties : (i) It is a colourless liquid, highly inflammable in nature and has a strong alcoholic smell. (ii) It is highly toxic in nature. Small quantities of it on consumption damage liver and cause blindness. Large dose of it can prove fatal. (iii) It is soluble in water as well as organic solvents. (d) Chemical properties : (i) It reacts with sodium at room temperature to form sodium methoxide and hydrogen gas. 2CH3OH + 2Na 2CH3ONa + H2 (g) (ii) It reacts with phosphorus trichloride at room temperature to form phosphorus acid and methyl chloride. 3CH3OH + PCl3 H3PO3 + 3CH3Cl (iii) It reacts with conc. H2SO4 at 140 C to form dimethyl ether. 140 C 2CH3OH + H2SO4 (conc.) CH3OCH3 + H2SO4.H2O (iv) When vapours of methyl alcohol are passed over heated copper oxide at 300 C, it oxidised to formaldehyde. 300 CH3OH + CuO Cu + HCHO + H2O 1 Key Points

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