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Prashant Joshi 9869670527 IMPORTANT REACTIONS AND OBSERVATIONS STUDY OF COMPOUNDS 1] Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2 2] CaO + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2O 3] NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O 4] CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2O 5] NaHCO3 + HCl 6] Na2SO3 + 7] NaHSO3 + HCl 8] FeS 2HCl 9] AgNO3 + + + CO2 NaCl + H2O + CO2 2HCl 2NaCl + H2O + SO2 NaCl + H2O + SO2 FeCl2 + HCl silver nitrate H2S AgCl + HNO3 silver chloride(white ppt.) Observation: When dilute hydrochloric acid is added to silver nitrate solution a white precipitate is formed which is soluble in ammonium hydroxide. 10] Pb(NO3)2 lead nitrate 2HCl + PbCl2 + 2HNO3 lead chloride (white ppt.) Observation: When dilute hydrochloric acid is added to silver nitrate solution a white precipitate is formed which is soluble in ammonium hydroxide. 11] Na2S2O3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2O + SO2 Sodium thiosulphate + S yellow particles Observation: When dilute hydrochloric acid is added to sodium thiosulphate, a colourless gas with smell of burnt sulphur is evolved and yellow particles of sulphur are left behind. 12] MnO2 + 4HCl MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2 (Manganese dioxide) Observation: Oxidising agent(black MnO2 ) oxidize HCl to liberate greenish yellow gas chlorine. 13] 3Mg 3Ca 2Al + + + N2 N2 N2 Mg3N2 Ca3N2 2AlN 14] 15] 16] Mg3N2 + 6H2O 3Mg(OH)2 + Prashant Joshi 9869670527 2NH3(g) Ca3N2 + 6H2O 3Ca(OH)2 + 2NH3(g) AlN + 3H2O Al(OH)3 + NH3(g) N2 + 3H2 2NH3 + Conditions: Temperature: 450-500oC Catalyst: Finely divided iron 4NH3 + 3O2 2N2 + Pressure: 200-900 atmospheres Promoter: Molybdenum (Mo) 6H2O Observation: Ammonia burns in an atmosphere of oxygen with a greenish yellow flame. Pt 17] 4NH3 + 5O2 4NO + 6H2O + 800oC Observation: A colourless gas (nitric oxide) is formed which undergoes further oxidation to give reddish brown fumes of nitrogen dioxide. The above reaction is an exothermic reaction,therefore the platinum catalyst continues to glow even after heating is discontinued. 18] 2NH3 + 3CuO (black, basic oxide) 3Cu + 3H2O + N2 reddish brown Observation: Black copper oxide is reduced to reddish brown metal Copper. 19] 2NH3 + 3PbO 3Pb + 3H2O + N2 (buff yellow, amphoteric oxide) (grey) Observation: Buff yellow Lead(IV)oxide is reduced to greyish meatl lead. 20] 8NH3 + 3Cl2 excess 6NH4Cl dense white fumes + N2 Observation: Dense white fumes of ammonium chloride are observed. 21] NH3 + 3Cl2 3HCl excess + NCl3 nitrogen trichloride, oily explosive liquid Observation: An oily explosive liquid, nitrogen trichloride is formed. 22] 4HNO3 4NO2 + 2H2O + O2 Observation:Pure nitric acid is unstable and decomposes even at ordinary temperature; at higher temperature it decomposes to liberate reddish brown fumes of NO2, and turns yellowish-brown. It is also sensitive to light hence it is stored in amber coloured bottles and not plain glass bottles. 23] CaO + NaOH + 2HNO3 HNO3 Ca(NO3)2 Na NO3 + + H2O H2O Prashant Joshi 9869670527 24] CaCO3 NaHCO3 + + 2HNO3 HNO3 Ca (NO3)2 NaNO3 + + H2O H2O + + CO2 CO2 25] Na2SO3 NaHSO3 + + 2HNO3 HNO3 2NaNO3 NaNO3 + + H2O H2O + + SO2 SO2 26] C 4HNO3 CO2 + + 2H2O + 4NO2 S + 6HNO3 H2SO4 + 2H2O + Observation: Reddish brown gas NO2 is liberated. 6NO2 27] Cu + 4HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2H2O + 2NO2 Observation: Reddish brown gas NO2 is liberated and a blue solution left behind. 28] 3Cu + 8HNO3 3Cu(NO3)2 + 4H2O + 2NO Observation: A colourless (NO) gas evolved and a blue solution left behind. 29] Mg + 2HNO3 Mg(NO3)2 + H2 30] Mn + 2HNO3 Mn(NO3)2 + H2 31] Zn + H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2 32] CuO + H2SO4 CuSO4 + H2O 33] 2NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2H2O 34] CuCO3 + H2SO4 CuSO4 + H2O 35] 2NaHCO3 + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2H2O + 36] Na2SO3 + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + H2O + 37] 2NaHSO3 + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2H2O + 38] FeS + H2SO4 FeSO4 + H2S 39] Cu + 2H2SO4 CuSO4 + 2H2O + SO2 40] Zn + 2H2SO4 ZnSO4 + 2H2O + SO2 41] C + 2H2SO4 CO2 2H2O + 2SO2 42] S + 2H2SO4 3SO2 + + 2H2O + SO2 2SO2 CO2 2CO2 Prashant Joshi 9869670527 Conc. H2SO4 43] C6H12O6 6C + 6H2O Glucose Conc. H2SO4 44] C2H5OH Ethyl alcohol 170oC 45] C12H22O11 C2H4 + H2O 12C 6H2O Conc. H2SO4 + Cane sugar Observation: All carbohydrates like glucose, cane sugar and cellulose are dehydrated with conc. sulphuric acid to give a black spongy charred mass of carbon which rises up and steam is evolved. With hydrated salts: Conc. H2SO4 46] CuSO4.5H2O Copper sulphate, blue hydrous CuSO4 + 5H2O white, anhydrous Observation: Blue hydrous copper sulphate turns into white anhydrous copper sulphate due to removal of water of crystallization by conc. sulphuric acid as it is a strong dehydrating agent. 47] BaCl2 + H2SO4 HCl + BaSO4 Observation:When Barium chloride is added to dil.H2SO4, a white precipitate of barium sulphate is formed (test for sulphate) 48] Pb(NO3)2 + H2SO4 2HNO3 + PbSO4 Observation:When dilute sulphuric acid is added to lead nitrate solution, a white precipitate of leadsulphate is formed.
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