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NOTES ON A COLLECTION OF SHORT STORIES AND POEMS FOR ICSE X

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Shreyas Js
Pupil Tree School, Bellary

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Poetry (i) Where the Mind Is Without Fear What is meant by mind is without fear ? Whose mind is the poet talking about and why? Answer: The words mind is without fear mean that one does not have any fear of oppression or compulsion. The poet is talking about the minds of the people of his country. He says so because his country was under the subjugation of the British, who perpetrated all sorts of oppression on his countrymen. (ii) What is meant by: the head is held high ? Why is the head bowed down and needs to be held high? Answer: The words the head is held high mean to have self respect. The head is bowed down because of exploitation and oppression of the Indians by the British. It needs to be held high with pride and dignity which characterized the Indians before India was reduced to the status of a subjugated nation. (iii) What does the poet mean by Where knowledge is free ? What were the restrictions imposed on the spread of knowledge? Answer: By the words Where knowledge is free , the poet wants to say that in his country everyone should have the freedom to acquire knowledge without any restriction. The restrictions imposed on the spread of knowledge include the prejudices based on wealth, caste and religion. Further, the British imposed restrictions on the basis of the ruler (the British) and the ruled (the Indians). They curbed the freedom of speech and expression by putting restrictions on the Press. (iv) What according to the poet, were the effects of the restrictions imposed on the spread of knowledge? Answer: Due to the restrictions imposed on the spread of knowledge, people remained glued to their outdated customs and traditions and could not think rationally. (v) What is a sonnet? How is the poem a part of a sonnet? Answer: A sonnet is a poem of fourteen lines divided into an octave (the first eight lines) and a sestet (the last six lines). The octave presents an idea, raises an argument, makes a proposition or poses a problem, whereas the sestet gives a solution to the problem posed by the octave. The poem Where the Mind is Without Fear comprises an octave, in which the poet talks about the wonderful qualities his countrymen must achieve to make their country free and heaven-like. Since this poem is only a part of the complete song in his Nobel Prize winning work, Gitanjali, we can say that this poem is a part of the complete sonnet. (i) What according to the poet, breaks up the world into fragments ? Answer: According to the poet, the narrow domestic walls or divisions based on caste, class, colour, religion, creed, region and superstitions break up the world into fragments or mutually exclusive compartments. (ii) What are the narrow domestic walls that the poet speaks about in the poem? Why are they called narrow by the poet? Answer: The narrow domestic walls refer to narrow local divisions created by prejudices like caste, colour, creed, region and religion. They are called narrow by the poet because they are based on age-old customs and traditions and not on the basis of rational thinking. (iii) In what way can the narrow domestic walls be harmful to a nation? Answer: The narrow domestic walls can harm the nation by creating divisions among people and thereby, undermining the unity and integrity of the nation. (iv) Why does the poet feel that the words should come out from the depth of truth? Why does he feel so? Answer: The poet wants to say that his countrymen should be able to express themselves truthfully without any fear. He feels so because his countrymen at that

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