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ICSE Class X Prelims 2025 : History and Civics

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PREFACE With a growing emphasis on competency-based education globally, the educational landscape in India has also steered towards high-quality learning experiences that allow learners to incorporate critical thinking and problem-solving approaches. This approach goes beyond rote memorisation and focuses on developing the skills and knowledge that students need to apply in their real-world scenarios. The Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE), as a national-level progressive examination board, has taken several steps to infuse competency-based education in CISCE schools through teacher capacity-building on item development for competencybased assessments and the incorporation of competency-focused questions at the ICSE and ISC levels from the examination year 2024. To further facilitate the adoption of competency-based assessment practices in schools and to support teachers and students towards the preparation for attempting higher-order thinking questions in future board examinations, Item Banks of Competency-Focused Practice Questions for selected subjects at the ICSE and ISC levels have been developed. This Item Bank consists of a rich variety of questions, both objective and subjective in categories, aimed at enhancing the subject-specific critical and analytical thinking skills of the students. In this Item Bank, each question is accompanied by the topic and cognitive learning domain/s that it intends to capture. The cognitive domains reflected in these questions include understanding, analysis, application, evaluation and creativity, along with some questions of the higher-order recall domain. The Answer Key at the end presents the possible answers to a given question, but it is neither limiting nor exhaustive. These practice questions are also meant to serve as teacher resources for classroom assignments and as samplers to develop their own repository of competency-focused questions. Apart from offering a good practice of higher-order thinking skills, engaging with these questions would allow students to gauge their own subject competencies and use these assessments for learning to develop individual learning pathways. During the development of this Item Bank, a large pool of questions was prepared by a team of experienced CISCE teachers. The questions that were finalised by the internal and external reviewers as being higher-order competency-focused questions have been collated in this item bank. I acknowledge and appreciate all the ICSE and the ISC subject matter experts who have contributed to the development and review of these high-quality competency-focused questions for CISCE students. We are hopeful that teachers and students will utilise these questions to support their teachinglearning processes. July 2024 Dr. Joseph Emmanuel Chief Executive & Secretary CISCE History and Civics ICSE Class X Table of Contents Type of Questions I. Multiple-Choice Questions II. Very Short Answer Questions: Source-based Pg. No 2 11 III. Very Short Answer Questions 16 IV. Short Answer Questions 17 V. Long Answer Questions 20 Answer Key 24 ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 1 History and Civics ICSE Class X COMPETENCY-FOCUSED PRACTICE QUESTIONS ICSE - CLASS X History and Civics I: Multiple Choice Questions (1 Mark Each) S.No 1. Questions [The Union Legislature] Rajya Sabha: 238+12 members. Lok Sabha: ______________ members. (a) (b) (c) (d) 2. 525+25 550 +2 520+30 530+20 [Analysis] [The Union Legislature] The house has 550 members. On a particular day, 45 members are present. The Government wants to present a Bill. What do you think will happen? (a) The Government has a majority, so the Bill will be passed. (b) The Government cannot pass the Bill because the opposition is against it. (c) The Government is unable to introduce the Bill because the Speaker adjourns the House. (d) The Government can introduce the Bill but cannot pass it. [Application] 3. [The Union Legislature] 31st July 2023, ANI reported: Government to introduce Delhi Services Ordinance Bill in Lok Sabha tomorrow Why should the Government introduce an ordinance in the Lok Sabha? (a) (b) (c) (d) The Government needs the approval of only the Lok Sabha. The Government needs the approval of the Opposition. The Rajya Sabha has no power over an ordinance. Every ordinance needs to be approved by both houses of the Parliament to become law. [Recall] ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 2 History and Civics S.No 4. ICSE Class X Questions [The Union Legislature] Identify the exclusive powers of the Lok Sabha. P: Introduces the Money Bill Q: Passes an ordinary bill R: Can vote a government out of power S: Can impeach the President. (a) (b) (c) (d) 5. P and Q R and S P and R Q and S [Understanding] [The Union Legislature] Which of the following can make the amendment as shown in the picture? (a) (b) (c) (d) 6. The Parliament The High Court The Supreme Court The President [Application] [The Judiciary] 12 February 2023, The Economic Times reported: More than 97.64 lakh cases settled in the first National Lok Adalat of 2023: NALSA. Which advantage of the Lok Adalat is MOST highlighted in the above headline? (a) (b) (c) (d) Saves money. Speedy justice. Works on compromise. Reduces burden on Higher courts. ICSE Competency-Focused Questions [Understanding] 3 History and Civics S.No 7. ICSE Class X Questions [The Judiciary] The High Court feels there has been blatant injustice in a case solved by the lower court and transfers the case to itself to check the judgement. Which jurisdiction is it exercising? (a) (b) (c) (d) 8. Revisory Advisory Original Appellate [Analysis] [The Indian National Movement] In 1853, the British East India Company did not acknowledge the succession of Anand Rao, the son of Rani of Jhansi, as a lawful heir to the throne. How did the British justify this decision? (a) (b) (c) (d) 9. He was named the ruler without the consent of the British East India Company. He had inherited the private property of the deceased. He was not a natural male heir to the throne. He was too young to succeed to the throne. [Understanding] [ Mass Phase of the National Movement] Replace the underlined phrase with the correct option: The objective of the Non-Cooperation Movement was to demobilise public opinion all over the country. (a) (b) (c) (d) to make the movement rare and unique. to provide an international base for Congress. to generate a wedge between Hindu-Muslim unity. to attain self-governance. [Recall] 10. [The Indian National Movement] The central government of a country has decided to enforce a law that involves issuing licenses to keep arms. Who among the following British Governor Generals had passed a similar law in India in 1878? (a) (b) (c) (d) Lord Curon. Lord Lytton. Lord Ripon. Lord Dalhousie. ICSE Competency-Focused Questions [Understanding] 4 History and Civics S.No 11. ICSE Class X Questions [The Indian National Movement] Read the two statements given below about the split in Congress and select the option that shows the correct relationship between (A) and (B). (A) Leaders with moderate political opinions wanted to insert a Clause in the Congress Constitution that said that Swaraj was to be achieved through constitutional means. (B) Swadeshi and Boycott were the basic components of methods of struggle of the assertive nationalists that led to the split in the Congress in 1907. (a) (b) (c) (d) 12. (B) contradicts (A). (B) is the reason for (A). (A) is true, but (B) is false. (A) and (B) are independent of each other. [Understanding & Application] [The Indian National Movement] Read the two statements given below about the Partition of Bengal and select the option that shows the correct relationship between (A) and (B). (A) The partition of Bengal was a mere readjustment of administrative boundaries. (B) The nationalists believed that the Government did not intend to strike at the roots of Indian nationalism. (a) (b) (c) (d) (B) contradicts (A). (B) is the reason for (A). (A) is true, but (B) is false. (A) and (B) are independent of each other. ICSE Competency-Focused Questions [Analysis] 5 History and Civics S.No 13. ICSE Class X Questions [The Indian National Movement] Analysing the picture given below, identify the statement that does NOT align with its content. (a) The press spread modern liberal ideals such as liberty, freedom, and equality among the populace. (b) The press provided a platform for various social groups from different regions of the country to exchange their views. (c) The press played an important role in organising political movements. (d) The press regularly praised the policies of the British Government in India. [Recall & Understanding] 14. [The Indian National Movement] Choose the options that DO NOT apply to the immediate objectives of the Indian National Congress. P- To prevent national workers from all parts of India from becoming personally known to each other. Q- To end all racial, religious, and provincial prejudices to promote national unity. R- To formulate popular demands on vital Indian problems and their presentation before the government. S- To manipulate the public opinion. (a) (b) (c) (d) P and Q Q and R P and S R and S ICSE Competency-Focused Questions [Understanding & Application] 6 History and Civics S.No 15. ICSE Class X Questions [Mass Phase of the National Movement] Assertion (A): Gandhiji called off the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1922. Reason (R): An unruly crowd burnt down a police station at Chauri-Chaura in 1922. (a) (b) (c) (d) 16. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A. A is true, but R is false. A is false, but R is true. [Application] [Mass Phase of the National Movement] The issue on which the Civil Disobedience Movement of 1930 was launched was _____. (a) (b) (c) (d) 17. equal employment opportunities for Indians the proposed execution of Bhagat Singh. salt monopoly exercised by the British Government. complete freedom. [Understanding] [Mass Phase of the National Movement] The statement, We shall either free India or die in the attempt , is associated with which of the following? (a) (b) (c) (d) 18. Non-Cooperation Movement Civil Disobedience Movement Individual Satyagraha Quit India Movement [Recall] [Mass Phase of the National Movement] At Wardha, the Congress Working Committee adopted a resolution that was passed in Bombay. Name the resolution. (a) (b) (c) (d) 19. Poorna Swaraj Resolution Quit India Resolution Non-Cooperation Resolution Swaraj Resolution [Recall] [Mass Phase of the National Movement] Arrange the following events of Netaji's life in chronological order. i. ii. iii. iv. Supreme Commander of INA Provisional Government of Free India Formation of Forward Bloc Congress Presidentship (a) (b) (c) (d) i,iii,iv,ii iv.iii.ii,i i,ii,iii,iv iv,iii,i,ii ICSE Competency-Focused Questions [Recall] 7 History and Civics S.No 20. ICSE Class X Questions [Mass Phase of the National Movement] Which of these statements regarding the status of Princely States are INCORRECT with reference to the Mountbatten Plan? (a) (b) (c) (d) 21. Princely states would receive the choice to be independent or join the Indian Union. All existing treaties with the princely states would end. A plebiscite will be held for all states. Freedom to associate with any dominion. [Understanding] [The Union Executive] Which of the following is an Executive function of the President in a parliamentary system? (a) (b) (c) (d) 22. Issuing ordinances Appointing the Prime Minister Granting assent to bills passed by Parliament Addressing the nation on Independence Day [Recall] [The Union Executive] Assertion [A]: The President uses his discretionary judgment to appoint the Prime Minister when no party has a clear majority in the Parliament. Reason [R]: The President cannot appoint a new Prime Minister on the advice of the outgoing Prime Minister, who may have lost the election or the support of the House. (a) (b) (c) (d) 23. A is true, but R is false. A is false, but R is true. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A. Both A and R are false. [Analysis] [The Union Executive] Mr. Patil was not found eligible for the election as the Vice-President of India even though he had the qualifications of being a citizen of India and not being a member of the Parliament and State Legislature. On what ground was he disqualified? (a) (b) (c) (d) 24. For being above the age of thirty- five. For being qualified as a member of the Council of States. For holding any office of profit under the Centre or the State government. All of the above. [Recall] [The Union Legislature] Your uncle is a renowned scientist. He has neither contested nor won any election to the Rajya Sabha. But he has recently become a member of the Rajya Sabha and has been appointed as a minister. How is this possible? (a) (b) (c) (d) He was appointed by the Chief Justice of India. He was nominated by the President. He was appointed by the Prime Minister. He was nominated by the Governor. ICSE Competency-Focused Questions [Understanding] 8 History and Civics S.No 25. ICSE Class X Questions [The Judiciary] In August 2002, President Dr. Abdul Kalam sought the help of the Supreme Court in connection with the controversy between the Election Commission and the Government on elections in Gujarat. The Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court applicable in the above-mentioned situation is____ (a) (b) (c) (d) 26. Revisory Appellate Advisory Original [Application] [The Union Legislature] The house is discussing an issue regarding the nation in the month of November. Which session is in motion? (a) (b) (c) (d) 27. Summer Session Budget Session Winter Session Monsoon Session. [Understanding] [The Contemporary World] Which of the following is INCORRECT with reference to World War I? (a) (b) (c) (d) 28. Triple Entente France, Russia, Japan Allied Powers Britain, France, Russia Triple Alliance Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary Central Powers Germany, Austria, Italy [Recall] [The Contemporary World] Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the President & Vice President of the International Court of Justice? (a) Term in office is 3 years. (b) They are both nominated by the United Nations General Assembly and the Security Council. (c) The Vice-President takes charge in the absence of the President. (d) The President and Vice-President may be re-elected. [Understanding] 29. [The Contemporary World] Which of the following objectives of the UNO has been recently added? (a) (b) (c) (d) Maintain international peace. Develop friendly relations among nations. Centre for harmonising the actions of nations. Disarm, decolonise and develop. ICSE Competency-Focused Questions [Understanding] 9 History and Civics S.No 30. ICSE Class X Questions [The Contemporary World] Why did Britain and France follow the policy of appeasement towards Japan in the period before the outbreak of WWII? (a) (b) (c) (d) 31. Japan could be used to weaken China. Japan was supporting Britain and France. Japan wanted to occupy the colonies of Britain. Japan was a weak country. [Recall] [The Contemporary World] Which of the following statements about the Cold War is incorrect? (a) (b) (c) (d) 32. It was a competition between the US & the Soviet Union and their respective allies. It was an ideological war between the superpowers. It triggered an arms race. The US and USSR were engaged in direct wars. [Understanding] [The Contemporary World] Which movement is depicted in the above cartoon? (a) (b) (c) (d) Formation of UN Non-Aligned movement Beginning Cold War None of the above ICSE Competency-Focused Questions [Application] 10 History and Civics ICSE Class X II: Very Short Answer Questions: Source-Based (2 Marks Each) S.No 33. Questions [The Union Legislature] 29th March 2023, The Hindu reported: Opposition MPs, in this case, largely the Congress legislature party, are mooting an idea of a resolution against Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla for being unfair to the opposition. What is the consequence when the Lok Sabha moves a resolution against the Speaker? In the above case, do you think the resolution would have led to such a consequence? Why? [Application] 34. [The Union Legislature] 14th December 2023, The Hindustan Times reported: Parliament session highlights: Total 13 opposition MPs suspended, SR Parthiban s suspension revoked. Who can suspend the members from the Lok Sabha? Mention any one probable circumstance under which he/she can suspend the members. [Recall & Understanding] 35. [The Judiciary] 2nd February 2024, the ANI reported: Centre notifies appointment of Chief Justices of seven different High Courts. Can the Centre remove the judges? Give a reason for your answer. 36. [Understanding] [The Indian National Movement] With reference to the picture given below, state any two significant outcomes of the pact signed in 1916 between the Indian National Congress and the All-India Muslim League. [Understanding] ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 11 History and Civics S.No 37. ICSE Class X Questions [The Indian National Movement] Read the excerpt given below and answer the question that follows: News outlets played a big role in instigating the dispute around the bill, sparking outrage in Britain and India, as the political press "to influence government legislation for India" for the first time. The Gazette, the Times, and other newspapers continued to release statements condemning the bill and criticising the desire to "please the native community at any cost". The widespread news reports invoked more opposition from those in Britain regarding the need to bring in judicial equality. Source: Wikipedia Which Bill is being referred to in the above passage? What was its implication on the Indian judicial system? [Understanding & Application] 38. [The Indian National Movement] He led a movement in India that called for the creation of a new social order in which no one would be subordinated to the upper-caste Brahmans. He also fought for women's rights, believing that education was essential to bringing about social change. Identify the social reformer from the given passage. Name the organisation he established in 1873 with the aim of securing social justice for the weaker sections of society. [Understanding & Application] 39. [ Mass Phase of the National Movement] (a) Identify the event associated with the above-mentioned slogan. (b) Why did the Indian leaders decide to boycott the event? ICSE Competency-Focused Questions [Understanding] 12 History and Civics S.No 40. ICSE Class X Questions [ Mass Phase of the National Movement] With reference to the above newspaper article, state any two reasons for the acceptance of the Mountbatten Plan. [Recall & Understanding] 41. [Mass Phase of the National Movement] It is our duty to pay for our liberty with our own blood. The Freedom that we shall win through our sacrifice and Exertions, we shall be able to preserve with our own strength. With reference to the above quote, put forth the slogans given by the great Indian freedom fighter Subhash Chandra Bose. [Application] 42. [The Contemporary World] Mention ANY TWO functions of the UN agency associated with the above picture. [Understanding] ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 13 History and Civics S.No 43. ICSE Class X Questions [The Contemporary World] Identify the big three. Name the organisation formed by them after World War II. [Understanding] 44. [ The Contemporary World] Mention the similarities in the ideologies of the dictators depicted in the above picture. [Application] ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 14 History and Civics S.No 45. ICSE Class X Questions [The Union Executive] Read the conversation given below and answer the following questions: Priscila: The Prime Minister is like a king, he decides everything in our country. Kiran: Lord Morely described the Prime Minister as primus inter pares (first among equals) and keystone of the cabinet arch . He is the chief executive of the nation and works as head of the Union Government. Balvinder: The Prime Minister has to consider the expectations of the party members and other support of the government. But after all, the Prime Minister has a greater say in policy-making and in choosing the ministers. Source(Edited): https://dspmuranchi.ac.in/pdf/Blog/pm.pdf In light of the above conversation, answer the following. Do you agree with Priscila s or Kiran s statement? Justify your answer with reference to the position of the Prime minister in our country. [Analysis] 46. [The Judiciary] In the situation given above, what does the Habeas Corpus mean? Which bodies in our Country are authorised to issue such orders? [Analysis] ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 15 History and Civics ICSE Class X S.No 47. Questions [The Judiciary] Picture Source: Cartoon by R.K. Laxman. With reference to the picture given above, explain a common problem of the judicial system and how it can be solved through a subordinate court. [Application & Analysis] III: Very Short Answer Questions (2 Marks Each) S.No 48. Questions [The Judiciary] Mr Aniruddh Choudhary is a retired judge of the Supreme Court who has been offered the position of legal head of a multinational company. Can he take up the offer? Why or Why not? [Application] 49 [The Union Legislature] If the Parliament has prorogued its session by the end of February, within which month it must have its next session? Why? [Application] 50. [The Indian National Movement] Read the excerpt given below and answer the question that follow: On 7th February 1856, Lord Dalhousie ordered to depose Wajid Ali Shah on account of alleged internal misrule. The Kingdom of Awadh was annexed in February 1856. Awadh was annexed on the ground of misrule. With respect to it, state two of its impacts. [Understanding] ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 16 History and Civics ICSE Class X S.No 51. Questions [Mass Phase of the National Movement] The Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress in 1929 was a significant milestone in the Indian independence movement. Concerning the above statement, explain what made the Lahore session a momentous event in India's struggle for independence. [Understanding] 52. [Mass Phase of the National Movement] Mention any two ways in which the British Government in India reacted to the Quit India Resolution [Recall] 53. [Mass Phase of the National Movement] The Indian National Army, built by Subhash Chandra Bose, was far ahead of its time and was a unique army. Mention any two traits that made it unique. [Analysis] 54. [The Contemporary World] Name any one single nation-state and one imperial state before 1914. 55. [Recall] [The Contemporary World] The League of Nations failed in preventing the Second World War II. Give two reasons for the same. [Recall] 56. [The Union Executive] As the leader of the cabinet, what are the powers of the Prime Minister of India? [Understanding] IV: Short Answer Questions (3 Marks Each) S.No. 57. Questions [The Union Legislature] The Lok Sabha has been the pulse of the vitality of Indian democracy. Mention any three exclusive powers of the Lok Sabha to justify this statement. [Analysis] 58. [The Union Legislature] It is the function of Parliament to exercise control over the Executive and to ensure parliamentary surveillance of administration. Mention any three ways in which the Parliament adheres to the above function. [Analysis] ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 17 History and Civics 59. ICSE Class X [The Judiciary] The Lok Adalat is a Statutory Organisation under the Legal Services Authorities Act of 1987 and was created as an alternative dispute resolution mechanism. Analyse the role of the Lok Adalat by giving three advantages. [Analysis] 60. [The Indian National Movement] Highlight three ways in which India's wealth was being diverted to England. [Understanding] 61. [Mass Phase of the National Movement] Read the excerpt given below and answer the question that follows: A commission, without any Indian members, was sent to India to discuss constitutional reforms. The step agitated the people, and the Indian political parties boycotted the commission. When the Commission visited Lahore on October 30, 1928, Rai led the nonviolent march to protest the commission. (Source: Modern History, NCERT) Name the movement that ensued with the commission coming to India. State any two significant impacts of the movement. [Understanding] 62. [The Indian National Movement] To benefit British industry, British rule pursued a policy of free trade in India. The nationalists were generally concerned about the lack of public investment in agriculture and argued that the British were trying to turn India into a valuable source of raw materials and a consumer of British-manufactured goods to make India an extension of the British economy. (Source: History of Modern India by Bipin Chandra.) Discuss how the British empire deindustrialised India. 63. [Analysis] [Mass Phase of the National Movement] The Cabinet Mission proposed a two-tier federal plan which was expected to maintain national unity while conceding the largest measure of regional autonomy. With reference to the above, state the composition of the Constituent Assembly. [Understanding] 64. [Mass Phase of the National Movement] When and where was the Second Round Table conference held? State the demand raised during this conference. [Recall] 65. [Mass Phase of the National Movement] The Quit India Movement made Independence of India as the only agenda of the National Movement. It proved that there could be no retreat and future negotiations could only be on the manner of the transfer of power. With reference to the above statement, enlist the impact of the Quit India Movement. [Understanding] ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 18 History and Civics 66. ICSE Class X [The Contemporary World] Mention any three ways in which Germany was affected by this treaty. 67. [Recall] [The Contemporary World] Enumerate any three objectives of the movement started by newly independent countries in Asia and Africa. [Understanding] 68. [The Contemporary World] Discuss a special power enjoyed by the permanent members of the UN Security Council that impacts the decision-making by the Council. [Analysis] 69. [The Judiciary] Compare the two higher courts of our country with reference to the following: (a) qualification (b) age of retirement (c) one example of each of their Original Jurisdiction. 70. [Analysis] [The Union Executive] Read the following excerpt and answer the questions that follow: As railway and transport minister, Lal Bahadur Shastri sent his resignation twice to Nehru after train accidents. Only once he was persuaded to take it back.....When it appeared that Nehru seemed inclined to accept the (second) resignation, thirty MPs appealed to Nehru not to let Shastri go. They were of the view that while Shastri should be lauded for having offered to resign, his resignation should not be accepted, as he was not personally responsible for the accident. (Source:https://theprint.in/pageturner/excerpt/lal-bahadur-shastri-sent-nehru-hisresignation-set-gold-standard-for-politicians/304341/) (a) Does Shastri s resignation reflect Individual Responsibility or Collective Responsibility? Justify. (b) Highlight two important differences between both types. [Analysis & Recall] ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 19 History and Civics 71. ICSE Class X [The Union Executive] When either of the two Houses of the Parliament of India is not in session, and if the government feels the need for an immediate procedure, the President can promulgate ____________________ that has the same force and effect as an act passed by parliament under its legislative powers. What can the President promulgate? Who prepares it? Which body must approve it? [Understanding] V: Long Answer Questions (4 marks Each) S.No. 72. Questions [The Union Legislature] The Supreme Court, on March 4, 2024, said the elections to the Rajya Sabha and Council of States required utmost protection and the right to vote should be carried out freely without fear of persecution. With reference to the above statement, answer the following: (a) Analyse why the Supreme Court emphasised utmost protection for elections to the Rajya Sabha. (b) Mention one exclusive power of the Rajya Sabha, which makes it different from the powers of Lok Sabha. [Analysis] 73 [The Judiciary] The independence of the judiciary shall be guaranteed by the State and enshrined in the Constitution or the law of the country. It is the duty of all governmental and other institutions to respect and observe the independence of the judiciary. With reference to the above statement, mention any four ways in which the Constitution has ensured the independence of the judiciary. [Understanding and Recall] 74. [The Indian National Movement] Read the given excerpt and answer the question that follows: An English politician who served as Viceroy of India. He is commonly regarded as a ruthless viceroy due to his approach to the Great Indian Famine of 1876-1878. (a) Identify the Viceroy in the given statement. (b) Mention any three of his policies which impacted colonial India from 1876 to 1880. [Understanding and Application] ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 20 History and Civics 75. ICSE Class X [Mass Phase of the National Movement] Name the incident related to the above newspaper article and examine the cause and effect of the incident. [Analysis] 76. [The Contemporary World] The newspaper goes on to state that: Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his morganatic wife, the Duchess of Hohenberg, were assassinated today while driving through the streets of Sarajevo, the Bosnian capital. A youthful Servian student fired the shots, which added another to the long list of tragedies that have darkened the reign of Emperor Francis Joseph. Which disaster was aggravated due to the above incident? What were the consequences of the disaster? [Recall] ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 21 History and Civics ICSE Class X Answer Key S.No. Expected Answers 1. (c) 520+30 2. (c) The Government is unable to introduce the Bill because the Speaker adjourns the House. 3. (d) Every ordinance needs to be approved by both houses of the Parliament to become a law 4. (c) P and R 5. (a) The Parliament 6. (b) Speedy justice 7. (a) Revisory 8. (a) He was named the ruler without the consent of the British East India Company. 9. (d) To attain self-governance. 10. (b) Lord Lytton. 11. (b) (B) is the reason for (A). 12. (c) (A) is true, but (B) is false 13. (d) The press regularly praised the fair policies of the British Government in India. 14. (c) P and S 15. (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A. 16. (c) salt monopoly exercised by the British Government 17. (d) Quit India Movement 18. (b) Quit India Resolution 19. (d) iv,iii,i,ii 20. (c) A plebiscite will be held for all states. 21. (b) Appointing the Prime Minister ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 22 History and Civics S.No. ICSE Class X Expected Answers 22. (c) Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A. 23. (c) For holding any office of profit under the Centre or the State government. 24. (b) He was nominated by the President. 25. (c) Advisory 26. (c) Winter Session 27. (d) Central Powers Germany, Austria, Italy 28. (b) Term in office is 3 years. 29. (d) Disarm, decolonise and develop. 30. (a) Japan could be used to weaken China. 31. (d) The US and USSR were engaged in direct wars. 32. (b) Non-Aligned movement 33. The Speaker is removed from the position. In the above case, the resolution will not pass due to a lack of a majority. 34. The Speaker. Lack of discipline (Any other relevant point) 35. The President. The judges can only be removed by the Parliament through the process of impeachment. 36. Significant outcomes of the Lucknow Pact of 1916. The Lucknow Pact was an important step towards Hindu-Muslim unity. The unity between the Congress and the Muslim League and between early nationalists and assertive nationalists demoralised the British Government of India. Our leaders were convinced that the Government would grant India a significant measure of selfgovernment only if there was a united political front. The Pact led to the gradual development of Self-Governing Institutions. 37. Ilbert had tried to do away with the absurdity that no European could be tried for a criminal offence except by a European judge or magistrate. He had put forward a proposal to allow Indian judges and magistrates to try British offenders in criminal cases. 38. Jyotiba Phule Satya Sodhak Samaj. ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 23 History and Civics ICSE Class X S.No. Expected Answers 39. (a) Simon Commission (b) In this situation, the British government announced the appointment of a commission with Sir John Simon as the President with seven other members of the British Parliament to investigate the need for further constitutional reforms. There was no Indian member of the commission. This was seen as a violation of the principle of self-determination and a deliberate insult to the self-respect of the Indians. Thus, this White Commission was boycotted by almost all the political parties of India. In its Madras Session in 1927, Congress decided to boycott the Simon Commission. The Muslim League and the Hindu Mahasabha also supported the decision of the Congress. 40. (Any two) The large-scale communal riots that engulfed the whole country convinced all that the only solution to the communal problem lay in the Partition of India. The League had joined the interim Government to obstruct and not to cooperate. The experience of working with the League convinced Congress that it could not have a joint administration with the League. The only alternative to Partition was a Federation with a weak centre. A smaller India with a strong central authority was better than a bigger state with a weak centre. Partition was the price for immediate Independence. Delays in the transfer of power could find India in the midst of a Civil War. The leaders felt that Partition would rid the Constitution of separate electorates and other undemocratic procedures. 41. Chalo Delhi. Jai Hind Give me blood, I shall give you freedom. 42. (Any two) To protect children in respect of their survival, health and well-being. To provide funds for training the personnel, including health and sanitation workers, teachers and nutritionists. To provide technical supplies, equipment, and other aids, ranging from paper for textbooks to equipment and medicines to health clinics and pipes and pumps to bring clean water to villages. To prevent diseases like TB, Malaria, Eye disease, skin disease, etc. 43. Stalin Churchill Roosevelt U.N.O ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 24 History and Civics ICSE Class X S.No. Expected Answers 44. (a) To have faith in the totalitarian rule. (b) To despise democratic political systems. (c) To hold that the state is supreme, and it could suppress the fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals. (d) To uphold one party and one leader. (e) To believe in aggressive nationalism and imperialism. (f) To regard war as an instrument for furthering national interest. (g) To uphold intensely nationalistic, anti-communist, anti-democratic rule. 45. Student s response justification with one valid reason. 46. Habaes Corpus means Have the body. Supreme Court & High Courts are authorised to issue such orders. 47. Problem- Delay in judgment. Lok Adalat can provide quick/speedy justice. 48. He cannot take up the offer as the retired judges of the Supreme Court are prohibited from practising after retirement. 49. By the end of August. This is because the gap between two sessions must not be more than six months. 50. 51. In the Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress in 1929, the demand for Purna Swaraj or complete independence was made the objective of the Congress. The Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress in 1929 was a momentous event in India's struggle for independence because it marked a decisive shift towards the goal of complete sovereignty, laid the groundwork for the Civil Disobedience Movement, and symbolised the growing strength and unity of the Indian nationalist movement. 52. The press was completely muzzled. It led to the dissolution of the court and the sacking of the army of Awadh. It caused resentment among soldiers of the British Indian army who came from Awadh and lost their jobs. The demonstrating crowds were machine-gunned and even bombed from the air. Prisoners were tortured. The police and secret police reigned supreme. Nearly ten thousand people were killed, and 60,000 people were arrested. The military took over many towns and cities. Rebellious villages had to pay huge sums such as punitive fines, and the villagers had to undergo mass floggings. Gandhiji was detained at the Aga Khan Palace in Pune, the other leaders were sent to jail in Ahmednagar Fort. ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 25 History and Civics ICSE Class X S.No. Expected Answers 53. It is true that the India National Army built by Subhas Chandra Bose was far ahead of its time. It was an army organised on foreign soil, hundreds of kilometres away from its motherland. It depended upon the patriotic fervour of its nationals scattered over East Asia, from Myanmar to Japan, for men, money, clothing, food and other civilian supplies. However, its greatest asset was the spirit of self-sacrifice of the men who enthusiastically volunteered to lay down their lives. 54. France, Holland, Germany Austria, Hungary, Russian Empire 55. No collective security among the countries that joined the league. Economic sanction was of no use. The coercive machinery was not adequate. 56. (Any two) As the leader of the Cabinet, the Prime Minister can: 57. allocate portfolios & reshuffle the Council of Ministers select & dismiss ministers direct & coordinate policy (Any three) motions of no-confidence against the government can only be introduced and passed in the Lok Sabha. the Council of Ministers is answerable to the Lok Sabha only. enjoy power only until they enjoy the trust of the house. money bills can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha cannot reject or amend it. budget is passed controls the national purse. has complete control over finance. in case of a deadlock between the two houses, the will of the Lok Sabha prevails due to its higher numerical strength. can pass an adjournment motion. ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 26 History and Civics S.No. 58. 59. ICSE Class X Expected Answers (Any three) through interpellation during question hour. through questions, discussions and debates through a vote of no-confidence adjournment motion through other motions of censure rejection of a Government Bill passing of a Private Member Bill against the wishes of the government cut motion examining the reports of the Auditor-General zero hour monetary control debates Saves time. Saves money. Works in the spirit of compromise. Reduces the burden of the high court. (Any other relevant point) 60. Salaries payable to the members of the India Council. Sending off their savings to England by British personnel posted in India. Pensions to British officials. Payments to the War Office for the maintenance of British troops in India Profits of the British trading agencies. 61. Civil Disobedience Movement. The people became silent for the time being but were not subdued: It created a patriotic fervour in the country. This did not leave the government in peace. The government was convinced that bold constitutional reforms were required: The Government of India Act 1935 introduced the principle of a federation, which would present a responsible government in the provinces or provincial autonomy. The struggle had a healthy impact on the lives of the exploited, poor, and oppressed: The depressed classes were given entry into schools and temples and allowed the use of wells, which was denied to them till now. It brought women out of their homes to participate in politics. Violence as a political weapon ceased to impact the youth of India, who were now attracted to Gandhi s preaching of non-violence. The movement also popularised new methods of propaganda- Prabahat Pheri- in which hundreds of men and women went around singing patriotic songs in the morning. Handwritten Patrikas or news sheets were issued in large numbers. ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 27 History and Civics S.No. 62. ICSE Class X Expected Answers Economic Exploitation by the British The number of Englishmen in India, both private individuals and members of services, increased. The civil servants and military officers earned a high salary. The salary of the Secretary of State and members of the Indian Council was a drain on India s resources. India was turned into a colonial economy, exporting raw materials and importing finished goods. A rapid rise in the indebtedness of the peasants under British rule. The Indigo peasants of Bihar revolted on a large scale in 1866-1868. Under the Zamindari System, the peasants were left absolutely at the mercy of the landlords -50 per cent, with no waivers. The Ryotwari System individual peasant proprietorship was no less harsh than the Zamindari system. The Indian peasants had to sell their produce at cheap prices to satisfy the greed of the moneylenders, the Zamindars and the government officials. The British invested their surplus capital in India in railways, plantations, coal mines, jute mills, and shipping. The Indians had to pay heavy interest and dividends on the capital invested in India and had to sell their produce at cheap prices to satisfy the greed of the moneylenders. Stagnation of handicrafts as heavy duties were imposed on goods imported into England from India. British agencies were geared to produce cash crops like indigo, opium, jute, and tea instead of food crops. The educated young men in India were becoming increasingly dissatisfied with the Government because the better-paid jobs were kept out of their reach. 63. The composition of the 389-member Constituent Assembly would be as under (a) 296 members to be elected from the British Provinces. (b) 93 members to be elected from the Princely States. The members of the Constituent Assembly would be elected by the Provincial Legislative Assemblies. Adult Suffrage for this was ruled out to avoid delay in the making of the Constitution. 64. The Second Round Table Conference was held in London in 1931 with the participation of Gandhi and the Indian National Congress. The conference was soon deadlocked on the minorities issues, with separate electorates being demanded now not only by the Muslims but also the Depressed Classes, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians and Europeans. The question of Independence or setting up of a responsible Government receded into the background. The British Government refused to concede the immediate grant of dominion status. ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 28 History and Civics ICSE Class X S.No. Expected Answers 65. It demonstrated the depth of the nationalist feeling in India and the capacity of Indians for struggle and sacrifice. It made clear that the British would no longer find it possible to rule India against the wishes of its people. People of all sections of the society participated in this movement. The Quit India Movement strengthened the Congress Socialist Party. 66. (a) Germany was required to pay for the loss and damages suffered by the Allies during the war. The reparations were fixed at 33 billion dollars. Germany had to cede its merchant ships to the Allies as compensation and supply huge quantities of coal to France, Italy, and Belgium for ten years. (b) The area of the Rhine Valley was to be demilitarised, and the German territory west of the Rhine was to be occupied by the Allied Troops for 15 years. (c) Germany lost Alsace Lorraine to France, Eupen-et-Malmedy to Belgium, and Schleswig to Denmark. Danzig became a Free Port in the Polish territory. (d) Germany ceded parts of her pre-war territory to Denmark, Belgium, Poland, Czechoslovakia and France. (e) The coal mines in the German area called Saar were ceded to France for 15 years, and the area was to be governed by the League of Nations. (f) Germany lost all her colonies to the victorious Allies-Britain, Belgium, South Africa and Portugal. (g) German colonies in the Pacific and the areas under her control in China were given to Japan. (h) The German Army was restricted to a force of 1,00,000 soldiers, and the Navy was limited to 15,000 men and 24 ships. The Air Force and submarines were banned. 67. (a) To eliminate all those causes that could lead to war. (b) To protect the nascent freedom of the new-born independent countries of Asia and Africa from colonial domination. (c) To oppose colonialism, imperialism, and racial discrimination. (d) To advocate sovereign equality of all states. (e) To encourage friendly relations among countries. (f) To advocate peaceful settlement of international disputes. (g) To oppose the use of force and the use of nuclear weapons. (h) To strengthen the United Nations as an organ of world peace. (i) To protect human rights and to protect the environment. (j) To build a New International Economic Order (NIEO) based on equity, equality and justice. 68. Each member of the Security Council has one vote. Decisions on procedural matters are made by an affirmative vote of nine members, including the concurring votes of all five permanent members. The negative vote of a permanent member is called a veto. The Council is powerless to act if any of the five permanent members uses the veto power. However, abstinence from voting does not amount to a negative vote or veto. ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 29 History and Civics ICSE Class X S.No. Expected Answers 69. Qualification Age of retirement Original Jurisdiction 70. Supreme Court High Court Indian Citizen/High Court judge for 5 years/Advocate of High Court for 10 Years Indian Citizen/Judicial office for10 years/Advocate of High Court for10 years 65 years 62 years Centre-State or Inter States dispute /Protection of Fundamental Rights/Transfer of cases from lower Courts/ Interpretation of Constitution State revenue & its collection/cases of wills, divorce, marriage, company law, contempt of court/Interpretation of constitution/Enforcement of Fundamental Rights/Election petition. (Any one example) (Any one example) The Cabinet Feature highlighted here is Individual Responsibility as Minister Shastri took accountability for the train accidents as the Minister of Railways. Individual Responsibility is when the minister is solely accountable for the actions, lapse in duties, and departure from official policy by members of their department. They are answerable for their department. Collective Responsibility is when all jointly share responsibility for the government policies & performances. Decisions taken in meetings are applicable to all. 71. President can promulgate an Ordinance. Prepared by Cabinet. Approved by the Parliament. ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 30 History and Civics ICSE Class X S.No. Expected Answers 72. The Rajya Sabha plays a crucial role in representing the interests of various Indian states. Unlike Lok Sabha members, who are directly elected by the people, the members of the State Legislative Assemblies elect the Rajya Sabha members. The indirect system of elections can make them more prone to fear if pressure from political parties. Thus, the "utmost protection" is emphasised to ensure that MLAs can vote freely and without fear. Exclusive powers: (Any one of the following or any other relevant point) It is a permanent house and never dissolves as a whole. It takes over the functions of the Lok Sabha during an emergency or when the Lok Sabha dissolves before time. 73. (Any four of the following or any other relevant point) The judiciary and executive are involved in the appointment of the judges. Judges can be removed only through impeachment. They have the security of tenure and can remain in office until they are 65 years of age. Their salaries are from the Consolidated Fund of India and are not subject to a vote of the Parliament. They have the freedom to announce decrees and decisions. They can punish anyone for contempt of court. The state has to ensure their safety. The court has full control over its work and establishment. No discussion can take place in the legislature on the conduct of any judge. 74. LORD LYTTON: In 1877, Lord Lytton reduced the maximum age limit for the Civil Service Examination from 21 to 19 years. This was a calculated move to ruin the prospects of Indian candidates for the Indian Civil Service. He held the Imperial Durbar in Delhi in 1877 to proclaim Queen Victoria as the Empress of India. It was an act of injustice, for it was held at a time when millions in South India were affected by a terrible famine. Vernacular papers reacted sharply against this act of irresponsibility. The government tried to silence opposition by enacting the Vernacular Press Act and the Indian Arms Act in 1878. The Vernacular Press Act crushed the freedom of the Vernacular papers. The Act forbade vernacular papers from publishing any material that might excite feelings of dissatisfaction against the British Government. The Act asked the editors to publish nothing that would excite the disaffection against the Government. Editors who opposed this Act were sentenced to jail. This Act did not apply to English newspapers. This Act was repealed in 1882 by Lord Ripon. The Indian Arms Act of 1878 made it a criminal offence for Indians to keep or bear arms without a license. The import duties on British textiles were removed and proved harmful to the Indian industry. ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 31 History and Civics S.No. 75. ICSE Class X Expected Answers Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. The British government became determined to suppress the movement by any means. The agitating people were lathi-charged and fired upon at many places. The Punjab region, particularly Amritsar, witnessed the worst of it. Along with Gandhiji, two local leaders, Dr Kichlew and Dr Satyapal, were arrested on 10 April 1919. To protest this, the people defiantly assembled at Jallianwala Bagh on 13 April 1919. General Dyer ordered his troops to start firing without any warning on the unarmed crowd in a park which had no way out. According to an official statement, 379 persons were killed, and several thousand were wounded, but unofficial accounts gave much higher figures almost three times. The martial law was immediately enforced in Punjab on 13 April. This was followed by a series of humiliating orders. Curfew was imposed, and people were flogged in public. From the writing of Sivaswamy Aiyer, a knighthood recipient from the government, we came to know that the people were made to crawl where two British women were assaulted.Students had to walk sixteen miles a day for roll call. Arrested persons were confined in open cages and were also kept on the open trucks for 15 hours. When this news came out, a wave of hatred spread throughout the country. 76. First World War. Consequences: Treaty of Versailles Territorial Rearrangements Formation of League of Nations ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 32 History and Civics ICSE Competency-Focused Questions ICSE Class X 33

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