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ICSE Class IX Board Exam 2025 : Chemistry

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Sheetal Sharma
Guru Nanak Public School, Chandigarh(Ut)
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THE CAREER NR Classes ACID, BASES AND SALTS ACIDS: The chemical substance which when dissolves in water furnishes H+(aq) or H3O+ ion as the only positively charged ion is called acid. ( ) + ( ) ( ) + ( ) ( ) + ( ) ( ) + ( ) NaHCO3 is not an acid though it gives H+(aq) ion in its aqueous solution because NaHCO3 on dissociation gives Na+(aq) ion and H+(aq) ion as the positively charged ions, and according to the definition of acid, H +(aq) ion should be the only positively charged ion, which doesn t see in this case. ( ) + ( ) + ( ) CLASSIFICATION OF ACIDS Acids are classified according to 1. Source: According to source, acids are classified into two types Mineral/inorganic acids Acids which are obtained from minerals are called mineral acids. Eg:- HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, H2CO3,etc. Organic acids Acids which are obtained from organic or living source are called mineral acids. Eg:- CH3COOH (from vinegar), HCOOH (from sting of red ant and bee), citric acid (from citrous fruit), malic acid(from apples), tartaric acid (from tamarind and grapes), oxalic acid (from tomatoes), etc. 2. Composition: According to composition, acids are classified into two types Hydra acids Acid which contain hydrogen along with some other nonmetal but other than oxygen is called Hydra acids. Eg-HCl, HBr, HI, HF, etc. Oxy-acids Acid which contain hydrogen, oxygen along with some other non-metal is called Oxy-acids. Eg:HNO3,H2SO4,H2CO3,CH3COOH, etc. 1|Page THE CAREER NR Classes 3. Strength: Strength of acid depends upon the amount of H+(aq) or H3O+ ion present in the aqueous solution of an acid. More the number of H+(aq) or H3O+ ion in the aqueous solution of an acid more will be its strength. On dilution strength of an acid decreases. According to strength, acids are classified into two types Strong acid The acid in which amount of H3O+ ion is more in its aqueous solution is called strong acid. All mineral acids are strong acids 4. Concentration: Weak acid The acid in which amount of H3O+ ion is less in its aqueous solution is called weak acid. All organic acids are weak acids It depends upon the amount of acid present in its aqueous solution. More the amount of acid relative to water more will be its concentration. On dilution concentration of an acid decreases. According to concentration, acids are classified into two types Concentrated acid The aqueous solution of an acid which contain less amount of water then acid is called concentrated acid. Dilute acid The aqueous solution of an acid which contain more amount of water then acid is called dilute acid. Out of dil. H2SO4 and conc. H2SO4; dil. H2SO4 is a stronger acid as on dilution number of H3O+ ion in the aqueous solution increases and thus the strength increases and the acid becomes stronger. Similarly, dil.CH3COOH is a stronger acid than conc. H 2SO4. Difference between conc. of an acid and strength of an acid Concentration of an acid It depends upon the amount of acid present in its aqueous solution It decreases with dilution. Strength of an acid Strength of acid depends upon the amount of H+(aq) or H3O+ ion present in the aqueous solution of an acid. It increases with dilution 2|Page

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