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ICSE Class X Question Bank 2025 : Physics

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Force: It is an external cause that causes a body in rest to move or body in motion to rest or changes the shape orsize. S.I. Unit of Force is Newton(N). Moment of Force: 1. Translational / Linear Motion: Force applied on a rigid body whichis free to move causes motion in straight path. Ex: A ball pushed on the floor, striker in carrom. 2. Rotational Motion: Force applied on a rigid body which ispivoted, it causes rotational motion. Ex: Force on the handle of door, turning of wheel. Moment of Force / TurningEffect or Torque: The turning effect on the body about an axis is due tothe moment of force (or torque) applied on the body. Measurement of moment of force (or torque) Click here to buy Latest ICSE Class 10 Books-https://amzn.to/3xib8Bu The moment of a force (or torque) is equal to the product of the magnitude of the force and the perpendicular distance of the line ofaction of the force from the axis of rotation. Factors affecting the turning of a body The turning effect of a force on a body depends on the followingtwo factors: (1) the magnitude of the force applied, and (2) the perpendicular distance of the line of action of the force fromthe axis of rotation (or pivoted point). S.I. Unit of Torque: NmC.G.S. Unit: Dyne cm 1 N m = 107 dyne cm 1 kgf x m = 9.8 Nm 1 gf x cm = 980 dyne cm Clockwise Moment is always NEGATIVE and Anticlockwise Momentis always POSITIVE. Common Examples of Moment of Force: i) To open or shut a door, ii) Turning of hand flour grinder, iii) Turning of a steering wheel. iv) Spanner or wrench used to tighten or loosen a nut. Click here to buy Latest ICSE Class 10 Books-https://amzn.to/3xib8Bu Click here to buy Latest ICSE Class 10 Books-https://amzn.to/3xib8Bu Click here to buy Latest ICSE Class 10 Books-https://amzn.to/3xib8Bu Example: A book lying on the table. Beam balance Click here to buy Latest ICSE Class 10 Books-https://amzn.to/3xib8Bu Examples: i) A falling raindrop ii) An aeroplane flying at constantheight iii) Motion of planet around Sun Principle of Moments: Sum of Anticlockwise moments = Sum of Clockwise momentsOR Algebraic sum of moments of all forces acting on a body about the axis ofrotation is 0. Click here to buy Latest ICSE Class 10 Books-https://amzn.to/3xib8Bu Click here to buy Latest ICSE Class 10 Books-https://amzn.to/3xib8Bu UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION When a particle moves with a constant speed in a circular path, its motion issaid to be uniform circular motion. Direction of velocity at any instant in a circular path: The direction of motion of the particle is different at different points of thecircular path. At any point, the direction of motion is along the tangent drawn at that point of thecircular path. Click here to buy Latest ICSE Class 10 Books-https://amzn.to/3xib8Bu The velocity of the particle in circular motion is variable or the circular motion is an accelerated motion even though the speed of the particle isuniform. Difference between uniform circular motion and uniform linear motion: In uniform linear motion, the speed and velocity, both are constant and acceleration is zero i.e., uniform linear motion is an unaccelerated motion,while in a uniform circular motion the velocity is variable (although the speed is uniform), so it is an accelerated motion. CENTRIPETAL AND CENTRIFUGAL FORCE Centripetal force: The motion in circular path is possible only underthe influence of a force which is termed as the centripetal force. Centripetal Force is the force acting on a body moving in a circular path, in a direction towards thecentre of the circular path. The direction of force and also of acceleration changes at each point of the circular path, but its magnitude remains thesame i.e., acceleration is variable (or non-uniform). Hence, for a body moving in a circular path, a force is needed which acts as the centripetalforce. Examples: (1) A planet moves around the sun in an elliptical path for which the gravitational force of attraction on the planet by the sun provides thenecessary centripetal force. (2) Moon moves around Earth in an elliptical path for which the gravitationalforce of attraction on Moon by Earth provides the Click here to buy Latest ICSE Class 10 Books-https://amzn.to/3xib8Bu required centripetal force. Click here to buy Latest ICSE Class 10 Books-https://amzn.to/3xib8Bu Centrifugal force: A force assumed (by an observer moving with the body) to be acting on thebody in a direction away from the centre of circular path, is called centrifugal force. Its magnitude is the same as that of the centripetal force. It is not a real force, but it is a fictitious force assumed by an observermoving in a circular path alongwith the body. Example: A ball tied at the end of a string moving in acircular path on a merry-go-round. Click here to buy Latest ICSE Class 10 Books-https://amzn.to/3xib8Bu

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