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ICSE Class X Question Bank 2024 : Chemistry

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Ayush
Smt. Lilavatibai Podar High School (LPHS), Mumbai

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LIST OF IMPORTANT REACTIONS Hydrochloric Acid 1) Laboratory preparation of HCl gas 200 NaCl + H2SO4 conc. 2) 2NaCl + H2SO4 > 3) CaO + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2O conc. dil NaHSO4 + HCl (g) Na2SO4 + 2HCl (g) 4) Active Metal + Acid Salt + H2 Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2 Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2 Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2 dil dil dil Observation : A colourless, odourless, neutral gas is evolved which burns with a pale blue flame and pop sound. 5) Metallic carbonate/ bicarbonate + Acid Na2CO3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2O + CO2 NaHCO3 + HCl NaCl + H2O + CO2 dil dil Ca(HCO3)2 + 2HCl Salt + H2O + CO2 CaCl2 + 2H2O + 2CO2 dil Observation : A colourless, odourless, acidic gas is evolved which turns lime water milky but has no effect on acidified KMO4 solution and acidified k2Cr2O7 solution. 6) Metallic sulphite/bisulphite + Acid Na2SO3 + 2HCl dil MgSO3 + 2HCl Salt + H2O + SO2 2NaCl + H2O + SO2 MgCl2 + H2O + SO2 Observation : A colourless, suffocating odour acidic gas is evolved which turn lime water milky & turns acidified KMO4 solution pink to clear colourless & acidified K2Cr2O7 solution orange to clear green. 7) Metallic sulphide + Acid Na2S + 2HCl dil 4|Pag e Salt + H2S 2NaCl + H2S FeS + 2HCl dil CuS + 2HCl Black dil FeCl2 + H2S CuCl2 + H2S Blue Observation: A colourless, rotten egg smelling acidic gas is evolved which turns moist lead acetate paper silvery black. 8) Pb(NO3)2 + 2HCl PbCl2 + 2HNO3 dil white ppt. PbCl2 is a white ppt. soluble in hot water. 9) AgNO3 + HCl dil AgCl + HNO3 white ppt. AgCl is a white ppt soluble in excess of NH4OH solution (NH3 solution) 10) CuO + 2HCl Black dil CuCl2 + H2O Blue 11) Oxidising agents oxidized conc. HCl to greenish yellow Cl2 gas. MnO2 + 4HCl (conc) MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2 12) Aqua regia is a mixture of 1 part of conc. HNO3 + 3 parts of concentrate HCl (Oxidising agent) 5|Pag e Ammonia 1) Laboratory preparation of NH3 : 2NH 4Cl + Ca(OH)2 2) NH4Cl + NaOH CaCl2 + 2H2O + 2NH3 NaCl + H2O + NH3 3) 3Mg + N2 Mg3N2 Mg3N2 + 6H2O (warm) 3Mg(OH)2 + 2NH3 3Ca + N2 Ca3N2 Ca3N2 + 6H2O (warm) 3Ca(OH)2 + 2NH3 2Al + N2 2AlN AlN +3H2O(warm) Al(OH)3 + NH3 4) Industrial process of NH3 : Haber s process N2 + 3H2 5) NH3 + HCl , 450 500 200 900 dil NH4Cl 6) NH3 + HNO3 dil 2NH 3 + NH4NO3 7) 2NH 3 + H 2SO4 (NH4)2SO4 dil 8) Ammonia is a strong reducing agent a) 3CuO + 2NH3 3 Cu + 3H2O + N2 Black Reddish brown b) 3PbO + 2NH3 buff yellow (Amphoteric) c) 8 NH3 + 3 Cl2 excess d) NH3 + 3 Cl2 Excess 3 Pb + 3H2O + N2 Grey 6NH4Cl + N2 NCl3 + 3HCl Nitrogen trichloride (yellow explosive liquid) 9) Oxidation (Burning of Ammonia) 4NH 3 + 3O2 2N2 + 6H2O Ammonia burn in excess of oxygen with a greenish yellow flame 6|Pag e 10) Catalytic oxidation of NH3 : 4 NH3 + 5O2 8 4NO + 6H2O + 11) Ammonium Hydroxide reacts with different metallic salts to give precipitate of respective metal hydroxides. a. FeSO4 +2NH4OH b. FeCl3 +3NH4OH c. Pb(NO3)2 + 2NH4OH Fe(OH)2 + (NH4)2SO4 Fe(OH)3 + 3NH4Cl Pb(OH)2 + 2NH4NO3 Dirty green precipitate Reddish brown precipitate Chalky white precipitate d. CuSO4 +2NH4OH Cu(OH)2 + (NH4)2SO4 Pale blue precipitate e. ZnSO4 +2NH4OH Zn(OH)2 + (NH4)2SO4 Gelatinous white precipitate 7|Pag e Nitric Acid 1) Laboratory preparation of HNO3 : - KNO3 + H2SO4 conc. < KHSO4 + HNO3 2) Decomposition of HNO3 : 4HNO3 2H2O + 4NO2 + O2 3) Industrial process of HNO3 : Ostwald s process 4 NH3 + 5O2 8 4NO + 6H2O + 4) C + 4HNO3 CO2 + 2H2O + 4NO2 5) S + 6HNO3 H2SO4 + 2H2O + 6NO2 conc. conc. 6) Cu + 4HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2H2O + 2NO2 conc. Observation for reaction 4. 5. And 6: A reddish brown acidic gas is evolved which turns moist KI paper brown. 7) 3 Cu + 8HNO3 3 Cu(NO3)2 + 4H2O + 2NO dil 8) Fe(OH)3 + 3HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + 3H2O dil 9) CuCO3 + 2HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2 Light green Blue 10) Action of heat on nitrates : a) 2KNO3 2KNO2 + O2 b) 2Cu(NO3)2 Blue 2Zn(NO3)2 2Pb(NO3)2 c) NH4NO3 8|Pag e 2 CuO + 4NO2 + O2 Black 2 ZnO yellow when hot white when cold + 4NO 2 + O2 2 PbO + 4NO2 + O2 N2O + 2H2O Sulphuric Acid 1) Industrial process : contact process ? a) S + O2 SO2 b) 2SO2 + O2 450 500 1 2 c) SO3 + H2SO4 H2S2O7 Oleum H2S2O7 + H2O 2) Zn + H2SO4 2SO3 + 2H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2 MgSO4 + H2 FeSO4 + H2 Mg + H2SO4 Fe + H2SO4 dil 3) Na2CO3 + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + H2O + CO2 dil 4) 2KHCO3 + H2SO4 K2SO4 + 2H2O + 2CO2 dil 5) Na2SO3 + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + H2O + SO2 dil 6) Na2S + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + H2S dil 7) ZnS + H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2S 8) CuS + H2SO4 CuSO4 + H2S 9) FeS + H 2SO4 FeSO4 + H2S dil Black dil Blue dil 10) Pb(NO3)2 + H2SO4 PbSO4 + 2HNO3 dil White ppt. 11) BaCl2 + H2SO4 BaSO4 + 2HCl dil White ppt. insoluble in dil HCl/HNO3 12) Conc. H2SO4 is a non-volatile acid Preparation of HCl : NaCl + H2SO4 conc. 9|Pag e < NaHSO4 + HCl Preparation of HNO3 : KNO3 + H2SO4 conc. < KHSO4 + HNO3 13) Conc. H2SO4 is an oxiding agent C + 2H2SO4 CO2 + 2H2O + 2SO2 S + 2H2SO4 2H2O + 3SO2 conc. conc. Cu + 2H2SO4 CuSO4 + 2H2O + 2SO2 conc. 14) Conc. H2SO4 is a dehydrating agent . C12H22O11 12C + 11H2O Black spongy charred mass . CuSO4.5H2O Blue vitriol (Blue crystalline salt) CuSO4 + 5H2O White anhydrous powder 15) Ethanol to ethene C2H5OH 10 | P a g e . 170 C2H4 + H2O Electrolysis 1. Electrolysis of Molten Lead Bromide Dissociation Reaction PbBr2 Pb2+ + 2Br- At cathode Pb2+ + 2ePb observation silvery grey metal deposit At Anode Br- - eBr Br + Br Br2 observation reddish brown fumes 2. Electrolysis of Acidified Water Dissociation Reactions H2SO4 2H+ + SO42H2O H+ + OH- At cathode H+ + eH X4 2H + 2H 2H2 Observation a neutral gas evolved which burns with pale blue flame and pop sound At Anode OH - - eOH X 4 4OH 2H2O + O2 Observation neutral gas evolved which rekindle the glowing splinter 3. Electrolysis of Aq. Copper sulphate using inert electrode Dissociation Reactions CuSO4 Cu2+ + SO42H2O H+ + OH- At cathode Cu2+ + 2eCu Observation Size of Cathode Increases At Anode OH - - eOH X 4 4OH 2H2O + O2 Observation neutral gas evolved which rekindle the glowing splinter 11 | P a g e 4. Electrolysis of Aq. Copper sulphate using Active ( Copper) electrode Dissociation Reactions CuSO4 Cu2+ + SO42H2O H+ + OH- At cathode Cu2+ + 2eCu Observation Size of Cathode Increases At Anode Cu 2eCu2+ Observation Size of anode diminishes 5. Electroplating with Nickel Dissociation Reactions of Aq. Nickel Sulphate NiSO4 Cu2+ + SO42H2O H+ + OHAt cathode Ni2+ +2eNi Observation Size of Cathode Increases At Anode Ni - 2eNi2+ Observation Size of anode diminishes 6. Electroplating with Silver Dissociation Reactions of Aq. Solution of Sodium Silver Cyanide Na[Ag(CN)2] Na+ + Ag+ + 2CNH2O H+ + OHAt cathode Ag+ + eAg Observation Size of Cathode Increases At Anode Ag - eAg+ Observation Size of anode diminishes 7. Electrorefining of Impure Copper Dissociation Reactions CuSO4 Cu2+ + SO42H2O H+ + OH12 | P a g e At cathode Cu2+ + 2e- Cu Observation Size of Cathode Increases At Anode Cu - 2eCu2+ Observation Size of anode diminishes 13 | P a g e Metallurgy 1) Bayer's Process Al2O3.2H2O + 2NaOH Impure bauxite conc. to 6 NaAlO2 +2H2O Sodium Aluminate 2Al(OH)3 to NaOH + Al(OH)3 Aluminum Hydroxide Al2O3 + 3H2O Pure Alumina Electrolytic reactions Al2O3 2Al 3+ + 3O2- At Cathode 2Al3+ + 6e- At Anode - 3O2- - 6e3[O] + 3[O] 2Al 3[O] 3O2 Product formed At Cathode Pure Aluminum metal At Anode - Oxygen gas [CO & CO2] 14 | P a g e 2NaAlO2 + 3H2O Sodium Aluminate (Salt) Organic Chemistry A. Laboratory Preparation of Methane & Ethane 1. Sodium acetate + Soda lime (NaOH + CaO) CH3COONa + NaOH Na2CO3 + CH4 Sodium ethanoate Methane 2. Sodium propionate + Soda lime (NaOH + CaO) C2H5COONa + NaOH Sodium propanoate Na2CO3 + C2H6 Ethane B. From Alkyl Halides CH3I Methyl Iodide + / 2[H] Nascent Hydrogen C2H5Cl + 2[H] Ethyl Chloride Nascent Hydrogen CH4 + Methane / HCl Hydrogen Iodide C2H6 + Ethane HCl Hydrogen Chloride Substitution Reactions (By only saturated Hydrocarbons) of Methane and Ethane CH4 + Cl2 CH3Cl + HCl CH3Cl + Cl2 CH2Cl2 + HCl CH2Cl2 +Cl2 CHCl3 + HCl CHCl3 + Cl2 CCl4 + HCl CH4 + 4Cl2 CCl4 + 4HCl C2H6 + Cl2 C2H5Cl + Cl2 C2H4Cl2 + Cl2 C2H5Cl + HCl C2H3Cl3 + Cl2 C2H2Cl4 + Cl2 C2HCl5 + Cl2 C2H4Cl2 + HCl C2H3Cl3 + HCl C2H2Cl4 + HCl C2HCl5 + HCl C2Cl6 + HCl Oxidation Reactions Complete oxidation (oxygen in excess) CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O 2C2H6 + 7O2 4CO 2 + 6H2O Lab Preparation of Ethene (ethylene) 1. Ethanol (Ethyl Alcohol) Ethene (ethylene) C2H5OH 15 | P a g e . 170 2 4 C2H4 + H2O (formation of chloroform) (formation of Carbon tetra chloride) C2H5OH 2 3 350 C2H4 + H2O 2. Bromo ethane (Ethyl Bromide) C2H5Br + KOH Ethene (Ethylene) C2H4 +H2O + KBr alcoholic Addition Reactions By Alkenes 1. Catalytic Hydrogenation Ethene Ethane H2C = CH2 + H2 2. Halogenation 300 H3C CH3 Lab Preparation of Ethyne (ethylene) 16 | P a g e Addition Reactions By Alkynes 17 | P a g e

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