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New York Regents Earth Science June 2006

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PS/EARTH SCIENCE The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION PHYSICAL SETTING EARTH SCIENCE Tuesday, June 20, 2006 9:15 a.m. to 12:15 p.m., only This is a test of your knowledge of Earth science. Use that knowledge to answer all questions in this examination. Some questions may require the use of the Earth Science Reference Tables. The Earth Science Reference Tables are supplied separately. Be certain you have a copy of the 2001 edition of these reference tables before you begin the examination. Your answer sheet for Part A and Part B 1 is the last page of this examination booklet. Turn to the last page and fold it along the perforations. Then, slowly and carefully, tear off your answer sheet and fill in the heading. The answers to the questions in Part B 2 and Part C are to be written in your separate answer booklet. Be sure to fill in the heading on the front of your answer booklet. You are to answer all questions in all parts of this examination according to the directions provided in the examination booklet. Record your answers to the Part A and Part B 1 multiple-choice questions on your separate answer sheet. Write your answers to the Part B 2 and Part C questions in your answer booklet. All work should be written in pen, except for graphs and drawings, which should be done in pencil. You may use scrap paper to work out the answers to the questions, but be sure to record all your answers on your separate answer sheet and in your answer booklet. When you have completed the examination, you must sign the statement printed at the end of your separate answer sheet, indicating that you had no unlawful knowledge of the questions or answers prior to the examination and that you have neither given nor received assistance in answering any of the questions during the examination. Your answer sheet and answer booklet cannot be accepted if you fail to sign this declaration. Notice. . . A four-function or scientific calculator and a copy of the 2001 Earth Science Reference Tables must be available for you to use while taking this examination. The use of any communications device is strictly prohibited when taking this examination. If you use any communications device, no matter how briefly, your examination will be invalidated and no score will be calculated for you. DO NOT OPEN THIS EXAMINATION BOOKLET UNTIL THE SIGNAL IS GIVEN. PS/EARTH SCIENCE Part A Answer all questions in this part. Directions (1 35): For each statement or question, write on your separate answer sheet the number of the word or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question. Some questions may require the use of the Earth Science Reference Tables. 5 The diagram below shows the Moon orbiting Earth, as viewed from space above Earth s North Pole. The Moon is shown at eight positions in its orbit. 1 Which object is closest to Earth? (1) the Sun (3) the Moon (2) Venus (4) Mars 2 The diagram below shows an observer on Earth measuring the altitude of Polaris. Moon s orbit 3 4 Zenith 2 Polaris Earth 23.5 66.5 North Pole 5 1 Sun s rays Horizon 6 8 7 (Not drawn to scale) Spring ocean tides occur when the difference in height between high tide and low tide is greatest. At which two positions of the Moon will spring tides occur on Earth? (1) 1 and 5 (3) 3 and 7 (2) 2 and 6 (4) 4 and 8 What is the latitude of this observer? (1) 90 N (3) 43 N (2) 66.5 N (4) 23.5 N 3 What is the minimum water velocity needed in a stream to maintain the transportation of the smallest boulder? (1) 100 cm/sec (3) 300 cm/sec (2) 200 cm/sec (4) 500 cm/sec 6 Compared to other groups of stars, the group that has relatively low luminosities and relatively low temperatures is the (1) Red Dwarfs (3) Red Giants (2) White Dwarfs (4) Blue Supergiants 4 Earth s early atmosphere formed during the Early Archean Era. Which gas was generally absent from the atmosphere at that time? (1) water vapor (3) nitrogen (2) carbon dioxide (4) oxygen P.S./E. Sci. June 06 7 Which sequence correctly lists the relative sizes from smallest to largest? (1) our solar system, universe, Milky Way Galaxy (2) our solar system, Milky Way Galaxy, universe (3) Milky Way Galaxy, our solar system, universe (4) Milky Way Galaxy, universe, our solar system [2] 10 The diagram below shows Earth s orbit around the Sun and different positions of the Moon as it travels around Earth. Letters A through D represent four different positions of the Moon. 8 The diagram below represents a swinging Foucault pendulum. Ceiling of room Pivotal point of attachment A Swinging pendulum D Sun C Earth Floor B (Not drawn to scale) An eclipse of the Moon is most likely to occur when the Moon is at position (1) A (3) C (2) B (4) D Ring of pegs This pendulum will show an apparent change in the direction of its swing due to Earth s (1) curved surface (3) rotation (2) tilted axis (4) revolution 11 In the Northern Hemisphere, planetary winds blowing from north to south are deflected, or curved, toward the west. This deflection is caused by the (1) unequal heating of land and water surfaces (2) movement of low-pressure weather systems (3) orbiting of Earth around the Sun (4) spinning of Earth on its axis 9 The diagram below shows the altitude of the Sun at solar noon on March 21, as seen by an observer at 42 N latitude. March 21 12 The table below shows air-pressure readings taken at two cities, in the same region of the United States, at noon on four different days. Sun Air-Pressure Readings Day P.S./E. Sci. June 06 1004.0 1000.1 1002.9 1000.2 1011.1 4 Compared to the altitude of the Sun observed at solar noon on March 21, the altitude of the Sun observed at solar noon on June 21 will be (1) 15 higher in the sky (2) 23.5 higher in the sky (3) 42 higher in the sky (4) 48 higher in the sky 1004.0 2 48 City B Air Pressure (mb) 3 Horizon City A Air Pressure (mb) 1 Observer located at 42 N 1010.4 1012.3 The wind speed in the region between cities A and B was probably the greatest at noon on day (1) 1 (3) 3 (2) 2 (4) 4 [3] [OVER] Amount of Infrared Absorbed by Atmosphere 14 On a day with no wind, the air temperature outside a house is 10 C. The air temperature inside the house is 18 C. Which diagram best represents the air circulation pattern that is most likely to occur when a window of the house is first opened? 18 C 18 C Floor 18 C Point X 18 C Floor (2) Floor North Pole (4) 15 Most of the Gulf Stream Ocean Current is (1) warm water that flows southwestward (2) warm water that flows northeastward (3) cool water that flows southwestward (4) cool water that flows northeastward Sun s rays Direction of rotation The time at point X is closest to (1) 6 a.m. (3) 6 p.m. (2) 12 noon (4) 12 midnight 16 Which event is the best example of erosion? (1) breaking apart of shale as a result of water freezing in a crack (2) dissolving of rock particles on a limestone gravestone by acid rain (3) rolling of a pebble along the bottom of a stream (4) crumbling of bedrock in one area to form soil P.S./E. Sci. June 06 (4) 18 The diagram below represents the direction of Earth s rotation as it appears from above the North Pole. Point X is a location on Earth s surface. Roof 10 C Concentration of Carbon Dioxide (2) (3) Roof (3) Concentration of Carbon Dioxide Floor (1) 10 C (1) Roof 10 C Concentration of Carbon Dioxide Amount of Infrared Absorbed by Atmosphere 10 C Concentration of Carbon Dioxide Amount of Infrared Absorbed by Atmosphere Roof Amount of Infrared Absorbed by Atmosphere 17 Which graph best shows the relationship between the concentration of carbon dioxide in Earth s atmosphere and the amount of infrared radiation absorbed by the atmosphere? 13 If the base of a cloud is located at an altitude of 2 kilometers and the top of the cloud is located at an altitude of 8 kilometers, this cloud is located in the (1) troposphere, only (2) stratosphere, only (3) troposphere and stratosphere (4) stratosphere and mesosphere 19 Snowfall is rare at the South Pole because the air over the South Pole is usually (1) rising and moist (3) sinking and moist (2) rising and dry (4) sinking and dry [4] 23 Which characteristic is most useful in correlating Devonian-age sedimentary bedrock in New York State with Devonian-age sedimentary bedrock in other parts of the world? (1) color (3) rock types (2) index fossils (4) particle size 20 The four streams shown on the topographic maps below have the same volume between X and Y. The distance from X to Y is also the same. All the maps are drawn to the same scale and have the same contour interval. Which map shows the stream with the greatest velocity between points X and Y? 0 X 10 am re Y X St 50 Y 50 24 A seismic station 4000 kilometers from the epicenter of an earthquake records the arrival time of the first P-wave at 10:00:00. At what time did the first S-wave arrive at this station? (1) 9:55:00 (3) 10:07:05 (2) 10:05:40 (4) 10:12:40 50 Stream (1) 25 Which statement correctly describes the density of Earth s mantle compared to the density of Earth s core and crust? (1) The mantle is less dense than the core but more dense than the crust. (2) The mantle is less dense than both the core and the crust. (3) The mantle is more dense than the core but less dense than the crust. (4) The mantle is more dense than both the core and the crust. (3) X 100 100 X Y 50 Y Stream Stream (2) (4) 26 Convection currents in the plastic mantle are believed to cause divergence of lithospheric plates at the (1) Peru-Chile Trench (2) Mariana Trench (3) Canary Islands Hot Spot (4) Iceland Hot Spot 21 A student obtains a cup of quartz sand from a beach. A saltwater solution is poured into the sand and allowed to evaporate. The mineral residue from the saltwater solution cements the sand grains together, forming a material that is most similar in origin to (1) an extrusive igneous rock (2) an intrusive igneous rock (3) a clastic sedimentary rock (4) a foliated metamorphic rock 27 According to fossil evidence, which sequence shows the order in which these four life-forms first appeared on Earth? (1) reptiles amphibians insects fish (2) insects fish reptiles amphibians (3) amphibians reptiles fish insects (4) fish insects amphibians reptiles 22 Which coastal area is most likely to experience a severe earthquake? (1) east coast of North America (2) east coast of Australia (3) west coast of Africa (4) west coast of South America P.S./E. Sci. June 06 [5] [OVER] 30 The topographic map below shows a hill. Points X and Y represent locations on the hill s surface. Elevations are shown in meters. 28 The fossil below was found in surface bedrock in the eastern United States. 400 X Which statement best describes the formation of the rock containing this fossil? (1) The rock was formed by the metamorphism of sedimentary rock deposited in a terrestrial environment during the Cretaceous Period. (2) The rock was formed by the compaction and cementation of sediments deposited in a terrestrial environment during the Triassic Period. (3) The rock was formed by the compaction and cementation of sediments deposited in a marine environment during the Cambrian Period. (4) The rock was formed from the solidification of magma in a marine environment during the Triassic Period. 300 N 0 1 2 km What is the gradient between points X and Y? (1) 40 m/km (3) 100 m/km (2) 80 m/km (4) 120 m/km 29 The diagram below shows an index fossil found in surface bedrock in some parts of New York State. Maclurites In which New York State landscape region is this gastropod fossil most likely found in the surface bedrock? (1) Tug Hill Plateau (2) Allegheny Plateau (3) Adirondack Mountains (4) Newark Lowlands P.S./E. Sci. June 06 Y [6] 31 The diagram below shows a sling psychrometer. 25 20 15 10 5 Wet bulb 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 C 25 20 15 10 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 C Dry bulb Based on the dry-bulb temperature and the wet-bulb temperature, what is the relative humidity? (1) 66% (3) 51% (2) 58% (4) 12% 32 Arrows in the block diagram below show the relative movement along a tectonic plate boundary. ult Fa Continent Ocean floor Oceanic crust Continental crust (Not drawn to scale) Between which two tectonic plates does this type of plate boundary exist? (1) Nazca Plate and South American Plate (2) Eurasian Plate and Indian-Australian Plate (3) North American Plate and Eurasian Plate (4) Pacific Plate and North American Plate P.S./E. Sci. June 06 [7] [OVER] 33 Which map shows the two correctly labeled air masses that frequently converge in the central plains to cause tornadoes? mP mT cT cP (1) (3) cP cT mT mP (2) (4) 34 The diagram below shows four mineral samples, each having approximately the same mass. Quartz Amphibole Pyroxene Galena If all four samples are placed together in a closed, dry container and shaken vigorously for 10 minutes, which mineral sample would experience the most abrasion? (1) quartz (3) pyroxene (2) amphibole (4) galena P.S./E. Sci. June 06 [8] 35 Which block diagram best represents a portion of a plateau? (1) (2) P.S./E. Sci. June 06 (3) (4) [9] [OVER] Part B 1 Answer all questions in this part. Directions (36 50): For each statement or question, write on your separate answer sheet the number of the word or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question. Some questions may require the use of the Earth Science Reference Tables. Base your answers to questions 36 through 38 on the graph below, which shows the crustal temperature and pressure conditions under which three different minerals with the same chemical composition (Al2SiO5) crystallize. Conditions Under Which Three Different Minerals Composed of Al2SiO5 Form Pressure (thousands of atmospheres) 9 8 7 Kyanite forms 6 5 Sillimanite forms 4 3 2 Andalusite forms 1 0 300 500 700 Temperature ( C) 900 36 Under which crustal temperature and pressure conditions will andalusite form? (1) 300 C and 6000 atmospheres (3) 600 C and 4000 atmospheres (2) 500 C and 2000 atmospheres (4) 700 C and 8000 atmospheres 37 Which mineral has a chemical composition most similar to andalusite, sillimanite, and kyanite? (1) pyrite (3) dolomite (2) gypsum (4) potassium feldspar 38 If bedrock at a collisional plate boundary contains andalusite crystals, these crystals are changed into sillimanite and/or kyanite as temperature and pressure conditions increase. What is this process called? (1) weathering (3) metamorphism (2) solidification (4) cementation P.S./E. Sci. June 06 [10] Base your answers to questions 39 through 41 on the diagram below, which has lettered arrows showing the motions of Earth and the Moon. Sun Moon C A Earth D Key B Motion Arrow A Earth s rotation on its axis B Earth s revolution around the Sun C The Moon s rotation on its axis D (Not drawn to scale) The Moon s revolution around Earth 39 These lettered arrows represent motions that are (1) noncyclic and unpredictable (3) cyclic and unpredictable (2) noncyclic and predictable (4) cyclic and predictable 40 Which two motions are completed in about the same amount of time? (3) C and D (1) A and B (2) B and C (4) A and D 41 Which lettered arrow represents the motion that causes the Moon to show phases when viewed from Earth? (1) A (3) C (2) B (4) D P.S./E. Sci. June 06 [11] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 42 and 43 on the diagram below, which represents a model of a radioactive sample with a half-life of 5000 years. The white boxes represent undecayed radioactive material and the shaded boxes represent the decayed material after the first half-life. Radioactive Sample After First Half-Life Key Undecayed radioactive material Decayed material 42 How many more boxes should be shaded to represent the additional decayed material formed during the second half-life? (1) 12 (3) 3 (2) 6 (4) 0 43 Which radioactive isotope has a half-life closest in duration to this radioactive sample? (1) carbon-14 (3) uranium-238 (2) potassium-40 (4) rubidium-87 44 The photograph below shows a sign near the Esopus Creek in Kingston, New York. The main purpose of the word watershed on this sign is to communicate that the Esopus Creek (1) is a tributary of the Hudson River (2) is a flood hazard where it flows into the Hudson River (3) forms a delta in the Hudson River (4) contains ancient fish fossils P.S./E. Sci. June 06 [12] Base your answers to questions 45 and 46 on the diagrams below. Diagrams A, B, and C represent three different river valleys. Diagram A Diagram B Diagram C 45 Which bar graph best represents the relative gradients of the main rivers shown in diagrams A, B, and C? Gradient Steep Gradient Steep Gentle Gentle ABC Diagram ABC Diagram (1) (3) Gradient Steep Gradient Steep Gentle Gentle ABC Diagram ABC Diagram (2) (4) 46 Most sediments found on the floodplain shown in diagram A are likely to be (1) angular and weathered from underlying bedrock (2) angular and weathered from bedrock upstream (3) rounded and weathered from underlying bedrock (4) rounded and weathered from bedrock upstream P.S./E. Sci. June 06 [13] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 47 through 49 on the graph below, which shows the amount of insolation during one year at four different latitudes on Earth s surface. Insolation at Different Latitudes 2.0 Equa tor 0 1.8 Insolation (cal/cm2/min) 1.6 30 1.4 N 1.2 1.0 0.8 N 60 0.6 90 N 0.4 0.2 0.0 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Month 47 This graph shows that insolation varies with (1) latitude and time of day (3) longitude and time of day (2) latitude and time of year (4) longitude and time of year 48 Why is less insolation received at the equator in June than in March or September? (1) The daylight period is longest at the equator in June. (2) Winds blow insolation away from the equator in June. (3) The Sun s vertical rays are north of the equator in June. (4) Thick clouds block the Sun s vertical rays at the equator in June. 49 Why is insolation 0 cal/cm2/min from October through February at 90 N? (1) Snowfields reflect sunlight during that time. (2) Dust in the atmosphere blocks sunlight during that time. (3) The Sun is continually below the horizon during that time. (4) Intense cold prevents insolation from being absorbed during that time. P.S./E. Sci. June 06 [14] 50 The diagram below shows tubes A and B partly filled with equal volumes of round plastic beads of uniform size. The beads in tube A are smaller than the beads in tube B. Water was placed in tube A until the pore spaces were filled. The drain valve was then opened, and the amount of time for the water to drain from the tube was recorded. The amount of water that remained around the beads was then calculated and recorded. Data table 1 shows the measurements recorded using tube A. Tube A Tube B Drain valves Data Table 1: Tube A water required to fill pore spaces 124 mL time required for draining 2.1 sec water that remained around the beads after draining 36 mL If the same procedure was followed with tube B, which data table shows the measurements most likely recorded? Data Table 2: Tube B Data Table 2: Tube B water required to fill pore spaces 124 mL water required to fill pore spaces 124 mL time required for draining 1.4 sec time required for draining 3.2 sec water that remained around the beads after draining 26 mL water that remained around the beads after draining 36 mL (1) (3) Data Table 2: Tube B Data Table 2: Tube B water required to fill pore spaces 168 mL water required to fill pore spaces 168 mL time required for draining 3.2 sec time required for draining 1.4 sec water that remained around the beads after draining 46 mL water that remained around the beads after draining 36 mL (2) P.S./E. Sci. June 06 (4) [15] [OVER] Part B 2 Answer all questions in this part. Directions (51 64): Record your answers in the spaces provided in your answer booklet. Some questions may require the use of the Earth Science Reference Tables. Base your answers to questions 51 and 52 on the diagrams below. The top diagram shows a depression and hill on a gently sloping area. The bottom diagram is a topographic map of the same area. Points A, X, and Y are locations on Earth s surface. A dashed line connects points X and Y. Elevation is indicated in feet. 10 20 A X Y 40 10 20 30 20 N 10 51 What is a possible elevation of point A? [1] 52 On the grid in your answer booklet, construct a topographic profile along line XY, by plotting a point for the elevation of each contour line that crosses line XY. Points X and Y have already been plotted on the grid. Connect the points with a smooth, curved line to complete the profile. [2] P.S./E. Sci. June 06 [16] Base your answers to questions 53 through 55 on the flowchart below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The flowchart shows the formation of some igneous rocks. The circled letters A, B, C, and D indicate parts of the flowchart that have not been labeled. Some Igneous Rocks Molten (melted) rock Magma below Earth s surface Lava on or near Earth s surface Cooling rate Cooling rate A B Intrusive igneous rock Extrusive igneous rock Very coarse texture Coarse texture Fine-grained texture Glassy texture Grain size Grain size Grain size Grain size 10 mm or larger C Less than 1 mm Noncrystalline Example Examples Examples Example Pegmatite Granite Gabbro Rhyolite Basalt D 53 Contrast the rate of cooling at A that forms intrusive igneous rock with the rate of cooling at B that forms extrusive igneous rock. [1] 54 Give the numerical grain-size range that should be placed in the flowchart at C . Units must be included in your answer. [1] 55 State one igneous rock that could be placed in the flowchart at D . [1] P.S./E. Sci. June 06 [17] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 56 through 60 on the two diagrams in your answer booklet. Diagram I shows the orbits of the four inner planets. Black dots in diagram I show the positions in the orbits where each planet is closest to the Sun. Diagram II shows the orbits of the six planets that are farthest from the Sun. The distance scale in diagram II is different than the distance scale in diagram I. 56 On diagram I in your answer booklet, place the letter W on Mars orbit to represent the position of Mars where the Sun s gravitational force on Mars would be weakest. [1] 57 On diagram II in your answer booklet, circle the names of the two largest Jovian planets. [1] 58 How long does it take the planet Uranus to complete one orbit around the Sun? Units must be included in your answer. [1] 59 Describe how the orbits of each of the nine planets are similar in shape. [1] 60 Pluto s orbital speed is usually slower than Neptune s orbital speed. Based on diagram II, explain why Pluto s orbital speed is sometimes faster than Neptune s orbital speed. [1] P.S./E. Sci. June 06 [18] Base your answers to questions 61 through 64 on the map below, which shows the different lobes (sections) of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, the last continental ice sheet that covered most of New York State. The arrows show the direction that the ice lobes flowed. The terminal moraine shows the maximum advance of this ice sheet. St. Lawrence Lobe Black River Lobe Tu g Ontario Lobe Adirondack Lobe Hi ll U pl a O Lo be Moh awk Lobe Te rm Hu ds on -C ha m pla in e Lob Erie ne nd Lo ida be in al M orain e Narragansett Lobe Connecticut Lobe N 61 During which geologic epoch did the Laurentide Ice Sheet advance over New York State? [1] 62 Describe the arrangement of rock material in the sediments that were directly deposited by the glacier. [1] 63 According to the map, toward which compass direction did the ice lobe flow over the Catskills? [1] 64 What evidence might be found on surface bedrock of the Catskills that would indicate the direction of ice flow in this region? [1] P.S./E. Sci. June 06 [19] [OVER] Part C Answer all questions in this part. Directions (65 83): Record your answers in the spaces provided in your answer booklet. Some questions may require the use of the Earth Science Reference Tables. Base your answers to questions 65 and 66 on the diagram below, which represents water molecules attached to salt and dust particles within a cloud in the atmosphere. (Not drawn to scale) Key Water molecule Salt Dust 65 Explain why salt and dust particles are important in cloud formation. [1] 66 State one natural process that causes large amounts of dust to enter Earth s atmosphere. [1] P.S./E. Sci. June 06 [20] Base your answers to questions 67 through 69 on the cross section and bar graph below. The cross section shows a portion of Earth s crust along the western coast of the United States. The points show different locations on Earth s surface. The arrows show the prevailing wind direction. The bar below each point shows the yearly precipitation at that location. Sierra Nevada Mountain Range West Coastal Mountain Ranges Yearly Precipitation (in) Pacific Ocean East San Joaquin Valley Sea Level Death Valley 60 60 40 40 20 20 0 0 67 Explain why the valleys have lower amounts of precipitation than points on the western slopes of the mountain ranges. [1] 68 What is the yearly precipitation total for the four points located in the Coastal Mountain Ranges? [1] 69 State one reason why colder temperatures would be recorded at the top of the Sierra Nevada Mountain Range than at the top of the Coastal Mountain Ranges. [1] Base your answers to questions 70 and 71 on the diagram in your answer booklet, which shows the latitudelongitude grid on a model of Earth. Point Y is a location on Earth s surface. 70 On the diagram in your answer booklet, place an X at 15 S 30 W. [1] 71 What is Earth s rate of rotation at point Y, in degrees per hour? [1] P.S./E. Sci. June 06 [21] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 72 through 76 on the two maps in your answer booklet and on your knowledge of Earth science. Both maps show data from a December snowstorm. Map 1 shows the snowfall, measured in inches, at various locations in New York State, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. Map 2 shows weather conditions in New York State and the surrounding region during the storm. Letter L represents the center of the low-pressure system that produced the snowstorm. Isobars show air pressure, in millibars. 72 On map 1 in your answer booklet, draw the 30.0-inch snowfall isoline. Assume that the decimal point for each snowfall depth marks the exact location where the snowfall was measured. [1] 73 Most residents knew this storm was coming. State one action a New York State resident should have taken to prepare for a snow emergency. [1] 74 Using map 2, complete the table in your answer booklet by describing the weather conditions at Buffalo, New York. [2] 75 Describe the general surface wind pattern around the low-pressure center shown on map 2. [1] 76 Toward which compass direction would this low-pressure center most likely have moved if this system followed a normal storm track? [1] P.S./E. Sci. June 06 [22] Base your answers to questions 77 through 80 on the geologic cross section below. The rock layers have not been overturned. Point A is located in the zone of contact metamorphism. A I II I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I II I III III II III I II I I I I I I II II II I II II I I I II III II I IIII I II Key Siltstone Shale Limestone Basalt intrusion Sandstone Breccia Contact metamorphism I I I II II Conglomerate 77 Which metamorphic rock most likely formed at point A? [1] 78 State the evidence shown by the cross section that supports the inference that the fault is younger than the basalt intrusion. [1] 79 In your answer booklet, list basalt, limestone, and breccia in the order in which they were formed. [1] 80 What is the largest silt particle that could be found in the siltstone layer? [1] P.S./E. Sci. June 06 [23] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 81 through 83 on the passage below and on your knowledge of Earth science. A New Oregon Volcano? The Three Sisters are 10,000-foot volcanic mountain peaks in Oregon. Volcanic eruptions began building the Three Sisters from andesitic lava and cinders 700,000 years ago. The last major eruption occurred 2000 years ago. West of the Three Sisters peaks, geologists have recently discovered that Earth s surface is bulging upward in a bull s-eye pattern 10 miles wide. There is a 4-inch rise at its center, which geologists believe could be the beginning of another volcano. The uplift was found by comparing satellite images. This uplift in Oregon may allow the tracking of a volcanic eruption from its beginning, long before the smoke and explosions begin. This uplift is most likely caused by an upflow of molten rock from more than four miles below the surface. Rock melts within Earth s interior and then moves upward in cracks in Earth s crust, where it forms large underground pools called magma chambers. Magma upwelling often produces signs that help scientists predict eruptions and protect humans. When the pressure of rising magma becomes forceful enough to crack bedrock, swarms of small earthquakes occur. Rising magma releases carbon dioxide and other gases that can be detected at the surface. 81 Identify one of the minerals found in the andesite rock of the Three Sisters volcanoes. [1] 82 The cross section in your answer booklet represents Earth s interior beneath the Three Sisters. Place a triangle, L, on the cross section to indicate the location where the new volcano will most likely form. [1] 83 On the same cross section, place arrows through each point, X, Y, and Z, to indicate the relative motion of each of these sections of the lithosphere. [1] P.S./E. Sci. June 06 [24] The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION PHYSICAL SETTING Tear Here EARTH SCIENCE Tuesday, June 20, 2006 9:15 a.m. to 12:15 p.m., only ANSWER SHEET I Male I Female Grade . . . . . . . . . . . . Student . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sex: Teacher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Record your answers to Part A and Part B 1 on this answer sheet. Part B 1 Part A 1 ............ 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . . . . . . 36 . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 ............ 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 . . . . . . . . . . . 37 . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 ............ 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 . . . . . . . . . . . 38 . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 ............ 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 . . . . . . . . . . . 39 . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 ............ 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 . . . . . . . . . . . 40 . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 ............ 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 . . . . . . . . . . . 41 . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 ............ 19 . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 . . . . . . . . . . . 42 . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 ............ 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 . . . . . . . . . . . 43 . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 ............ 21 . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 . . . . . . . . . . . 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 . . . . . . . . . . . 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 . . . . . . . . . . . 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 . . . . . . . . . . . . Part B 1 Score Part A Score Write your answers to Part B 2 and Part C in your answer booklet. Tear Here The declaration below should be signed when you have completed the examination. I do hereby affirm, at the close of this examination, that I had no unlawful knowledge of the questions or answers prior to the examination and that I have neither given nor received assistance in answering any of the questions during the examination. Signature PS/EARTH SCIENCE Tear Here Tear Here PS/EARTH SCIENCE The University of the State of New York Performance Test Score (Maximum Score: 23) REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION PHYSICAL SETTING EARTH SCIENCE A Tuesday, June 20, 2006 9:15 a.m. to 12:15 p.m., only ANSWER BOOKLET I Male Student . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sex: I Female Teacher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maximum Score Part Grade . . . . . . . . . Answer all questions in Part B 2 and Part C. Record your answers in this booklet. 35 B 1 15 B 2 15 C Student s Score 20 Total Written Test Score (Maximum Raw Score: 85) Final Score (from conversion chart) Raters Initials: Rater 1 . . . . . . . . . . Rater 2 . . . . . . . . . . For Raters Only Part B 2 52 51 ft Elevation (ft) 51 50 40 30 20 X 10 0 Y Distance 52 For Raters Only 53 53 54 to 54 55 56 55 Diagram I Mars Earth Venus Mercury 56 Sun (Not drawn to scale) [2] For Raters Only 57 Diagram II Pluto Neptune Uranus Saturn Jupiter Mars 57 Sun (Not drawn to scale) 58 58 59 59 60 60 [3] [OVER] For Raters Only 61 ______________________ ____ Epoch 61 62 _____________________________________________________________________________ 62 63 _____________________________________ 63 64 _____________________________________________________________________________ 64 _____________________________________________________________________________ Total Score for Part B 2 Part C 65 _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 65 _____________________________________________________________________________ 66 _____________________________________________________________________________ [4] 66 For Raters Only 67 67 68 in 68 69 69 70 75 60 45 30 150 135 120 105 Y 15 90 Equator 60 75 45 30 15 0 70 0 15 30 45 60 71 /hr 71 [5] [OVER] For Raters Only Map 1 December Snowfall Amounts (inches) 72 3.7 Lake Ontario 8.2 6.3 4.5 20.0 17.0 10.3 New York 9.6 39.0 31.0 23.0 31.0 14.3 8.0 8.5 9.0 8.0 14.0 14.5 28.0 11.3 10.9 8.3 12.0 8.8 6.0 7.8 10.0 8.4 12.0 9.5 18.0 19.0 10.1 9.0 25.9 31.0 15.0 24.0 12.0 72 17.0 19.0 Pennsylvania 7.0 31.0 33.2 19.0 11.0 9.0 21.0 30.5 26.0 18.0 8.8 21.5 12.0 8.9 20.0 34.0 14.5 10.5 17.8 13.2 11.0 9.0 9.0 13.2 New Jersey 12.0 N 73 73 [6] For Raters Only 74 Map 2 25 19 4 100 28 21 24 20 27 24 26 26 28 25 30 26 New York State 28 08 27 26 27 23 22 22 20 30 27 10 22 20 30 29 28 25 31 31 33 33 39 37 74 47 45 33 31 34 34 L 992 996 00 10 N Weather Conditions Description present weather wind direction from wind speed (knots) relative humidity (%) 75 75 76 76 [7] [OVER] For Raters Only 77 77 78 78 79 Formed first: Formed second: 79 Formed last: 80 cm 80 81 81 82 and 83 Magma chamber West Three Sisters Oregon East Pacific Ocean Oceanic crust Continental crust Z X 82 Y 83 Asthenosphere Asthenosphere (Not drawn to scale) Total Score for Part C [8] FOR TEACHERS ONLY The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION PS ES PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE Tuesday, June 20, 2006 9:15 a.m. to 12:15 p.m., only SCORING KEY AND RATING GUIDE Directions to the Teacher: Refer to the directions on page 3 before rating student papers. Updated information regarding the rating of this examination may be posted on the New York State Education Department s web site during the rating period. Check this web site http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/osa/ and select the link Examination Scoring Information for any recently posted information regarding this examination. This site should be checked before the rating process for this examination begins and several times throughout the Regents examination period. Part A and Part B 1 Allow 1 credit for each correct response. Part B 1 Part A 1 . . . . .3. . . . . . . 13 . . . . .1 . . . . . . . 25 . . . . 1 . . . . . . . 36 . . . . .2 . . . . . . . 44 . . . . .1 . . . . . . . 2 . . . . .2. . . . . . . 14 . . . . .4 . . . . . . . 26 . . . . 4 . . . . . . . 37 . . . . .4 . . . . . . . 45 . . . . .2 . . . . . . . 3 . . . . .3. . . . . . . 15 . . . . .2 . . . . . . . 27 . . . . 4 . . . . . . . 38 . . . . .3 . . . . . . . 46 . . . . .4 . . . . . . . 4 . . . . .4. . . . . . . 16 . . . . .3 . . . . . . . 28 . . . . 3 . . . . . . . 39 . . . . .4 . . . . . . . 47 . . . . .2 . . . . . . . 5 . . . . .1. . . . . . . 17 . . . . .1 . . . . . . . 29 . . . . 1 . . . . . . . 40 . . . . .3 . . . . . . . 48 . . . . .3 . . . . . . . 6 . . . . .1. . . . . . . 18 . . . . .3 . . . . . . . 30 . . . . 1 . . . . . . . 41 . . . . .4 . . . . . . . 49 . . . . .3 . . . . . . . 7 . . . . .2. . . . . . . 19 . . . . .4 . . . . . . . 31 . . . . 2 . . . . . . . 42 . . . . .2 . . . . . . . 50 . . . . .1 . . . . . . . 8 . . . . .3. . . . . . . 20 . . . . .2 . . . . . . . 32 . . . . 4 . . . . . . . 43 . . . . .1 . . . . . . . 9 . . . . .2. . . . . . . 21 . . . . .3 . . . . . . . 33 . . . . 2 . . . . . . . 10 . . . . . 2 . . . . . . . 22 . . . . .4 . . . . . . . 34 . . . . 4 . . . . . . . 11 . . . . . 4 . . . . . . . 23 . . . . .2 . . . . . . . 35 . . . . 1 . . . . . . . 12 . . . . . 3 . . . . . . . 24 . . . . .2 . . . . . . . Part A Score 2 Part B 1 Score PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE continued Directions to the Teacher Follow the procedures below for scoring student answer papers for the Physical Setting/Earth Science examination. Additional information about scoring is provided in the publication Information Booklet for Scoring Regents Examinations in the Sciences. Use only red ink or red pencil in rating Regents papers. Do not correct the student s work by making insertions or changes of any kind. On the detachable answer sheet for Part A and Part B 1, indicate by means of a checkmark each incorrect or omitted answer. In the box provided at the end of each part, record the number of questions the student answered correctly for that part. At least two science teachers must participate in the scoring of each student s responses to the Part B 2 and Part C open-ended questions. Each of these teachers should be responsible for scoring a selected number of the open-ended questions on each answer paper. No one teacher is to score all the open-ended questions on a student s answer paper. Students responses must be scored strictly according to the Scoring Key and Rating Guide. For open-ended questions, credit may be allowed for responses other than those given in the rating guide if the response is a scientifically accurate answer to the question and demonstrates adequate knowledge as indicated by the examples in the rating guide. In the student s answer booklet, record the number of credits earned for each answer in the box printed to the right of the answer lines or spaces for that question. Fractional credit is not allowed. Only whole-number credit may be given to a response. Units need not be given when the wording of the questions allows such omissions. Raters should enter the scores earned for Part A, Part B 1, Part B 2, and Part C on the appropriate lines in the box printed on the answer booklet and then should add these four scores and enter the total in the box labeled Total Written Test Score. The student s score for the Earth Science Performance Test should be entered in the space provided. Then, the student s raw scores on the performance test and written test should be converted to a scaled score by using the conversion chart that will be posted on the Department s web site http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/osa/ on Tuesday, June 20, 2006. The student s scaled score should be entered in the labeled box on the student s answer booklet. The scaled score is the student s final examination score. All student answer papers that receive a scaled score of 60 through 64 must be scored a second time. For the second scoring, a different committee of teachers may score the student s paper or the original committee may score the paper, except that no teacher may score the same open-ended questions that he/she scored in the first rating of the paper. The school principal is responsible for assuring that the student s final examination score is based on a fair, accurate, and reliable scoring of the student s answer paper. Because scaled scores corresponding to raw scores in the conversion chart may change from one examination to another, it is crucial that for each administration, the conversion chart provided for that administration be used to determine the student s final score. [3] [OVER] PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE continued Part B 2 Allow a total of 15 credits for this part. The student must answer all questions in this part. 51 [1] Allow 1 credit for any value above 20 ft but below 30 ft. 52 [2] Allow a maximum of 2 credits, allocated as follows: Allow 2 credits if eight or nine points are correctly plotted within the circles shown below and are correctly connected with a smooth, curved line. Allow 1 credit if only six or seven points are correctly plotted within the circles shown below and are correctly connected with a smooth, curved line. or Allow 1 credit if eight or nine points are correctly plotted within the circles shown below but are not correctly connected with a smooth, curved line. Note: The center of each point must fall on the horizontal line within the circles shown below. The line must extend below the lowest points to show the depression and above the highest points to show the hills. Also allow credit if a symbol other than a dot is used. It is recommended that an overlay be used to ensure uniformity in scoring. Elevation (ft) Example of a 2-credit response: 53 50 40 30 20 X 10 0 Y Distance [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: A is slower cooling than B . B is faster cooling than A . Intrusive rock forms from molten rock that cools slowly. Extrusive rock forms from molten rock that cools rapidly. 54 [1] Allow 1 credit. Correct units must be included in the answer. 1 mm to 10 mm 1 to 10 mm [4] PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE continued 55 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: obsidian basaltic glass pumice vesicular basalt glass [1] Allow 1 credit for placing the letter W within the area shown below indicated by the bracket. Also allow credit if a symbol other than W is used. Example of a 1-credit response: Diagram I Mars Earth Venus Mercury Sun W 56 (Not drawn to scale) [5] [OVER] PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE continued 57 [1] Allow 1 credit for circling only Saturn and Jupiter. Both planets must be circled to receive credit. Example of a 1-credit response: Diagram II Pluto Neptune Uranus Saturn Jupiter Mars Sun (Not drawn to scale) 58 [1] Allow 1 credit for 84 years or 84.0 years. Correct units must be included in the answer. 59 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: The orbits are elliptical or oval shaped. The orbits are nearly circular. 60 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Sometimes Pluto is closer to the Sun than Neptune is. Part of Pluto s orbit is sometimes located within Neptune s orbit. 61 [1] Allow 1 credit for Pleistocene Epoch. 62 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Glacial sediment is unsorted. piles of mixed sediment sizes [6] PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE continued 63 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: southwest (SW) south southwest (SSW) 64 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: parallel scratches, grooves, or striations orientation of glacial features, such as drumlins and lateral moraines [7] [OVER] PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE continued Part C Allow a total of 20 credits for this part. The student must answer all questions in this part. 65 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Water droplets form on the surfaces provided by the salt and dust particles. Salt and dust particles are condensation nuclei, allowing the water vapor to change into liquid drops, forming clouds. 66 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Dust particles can be blown into the atmosphere by winds. a volcanic eruption a forest fire 67 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: The air on the western slopes of the mountains is rising. The valleys are located on the eastern side of mountain ranges where air is sinking. Air is warmed by compression as it descends the mountain slopes, so relative humidity decreases. 68 [1] Allow 1 credit for a precipitation total of 134 in 4 in. 69 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: The Sierra Nevada Mountain Range is higher in elevation. Higher elevations have lower temperatures. Expansional cooling increases with higher mountains. [8] PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE continued 70 [1] Allow 1 credit for a correctly placed X. The center of the X must fall within the circle shown below. Also allow credit if a symbol other than X is used. Example of a 1-credit response: 75 60 45 30 150 135 120 105 Y 15 90 Equator 60 75 45 30 15 0 0 15 X 30 45 60 71 [1] Allow 1 credit for 15 /hr. [9] [OVER] PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE continued 72 [1] Allow 1 credit for correctly drawing the 30.0-inch snowfall isoline. Example of a 1-credit response: Map 1 December Snowfall Amounts (inches) 3.7 Lake Ontario 8.2 6.3 4.5 20.0 17.0 10.3 New York 9.6 39.0 31.0 23.0 31.0 14.3 8.0 8.5 9.0 8.0 14.0 14.5 28.0 11.3 10.9 8.3 12.0 12.0 8.9 8.8 6.0 7.8 10.0 8.4 12.0 7.0 31.0 18.0 31.0 19.0 15.0 24.0 12.0 9.5 14.5 10.1 9.0 25.9 17.0 19.0 Pennsylvania 21.0 30.5 33.2 19.0 18.0 8.8 21.5 26.0 11.0 9.0 20.0 34.0 10.5 17.8 13.2 11.0 9.0 13.2 9.0 New Jersey 12.0 N 73 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Residents should have bought extra supplies such as food, milk, and water. Residents should have gotten their battery-powered radio, flashlights, and candles ready. should have made sure emergency generators work Residents should have checked that they had enough fuel, oil, or wood for heat to last several days. [10] PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE continued 74 [2] Allow a maximum of 2 credits, allocated as follows: Allow 2 credits if all four descriptions are correct. Allow 1 credit if only two or three descriptions are correct. Example of a 2-credit response: Weather Conditions Description present weather wind direction from northeast wind speed (knots) 10 2 relative humidity (%) 75 snow 100 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Winds are counterclockwise and inward toward the low-pressure center. Winds are counterclockwise. Winds are blowing toward the center of the low. 76 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: east northeast north northeast east northeast 77 [1] Allow 1 credit for quartzite or hornfels. 78 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: The fault displaced the intrusion. The fault has cut across the preexisting basalt intrusion. 79 [1] Allow 1 credit if all three rock names are correctly listed as shown below. Formed first: limestone Formed second: breccia Formed last: basalt [11] [OVER] PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE concluded 80 [1] Allow 1 credit for 0.006 or .006 cm. 81 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: quartz plagioclase feldspar biotite amphibole (hornblende) pyroxene Note: Do not accept feldspar only. 82 [1] Allow 1 credit for placing the L on Earth s surface above the magma chamber. Also allow credit if a symbol other than a L is used. 83 [1] Allow 1 credit if all three arrows show the correct directions, even if the arrows do not pass through the dots. Example of a correct response for questions 82 and 83: Magma chamber West Three Sisters Oregon East Pacific Ocean Oceanic crust Continental crust Z X Y Asthenosphere Asthenosphere (Not drawn to scale) [12] The Chart for Determining the Final Examination Score for the June 2006 Regents Examination in Physical Setting/Earth Science will be posted on the Department s web site http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/osa/ on Tuesday, June 20, 2006. Conversion charts provided for previous administrations of the Regents Examination in Physical Setting/Earth Science must NOT be used to determine students final scores for this administration. The Teacher Evaluation of State Examinations forms will also be posted on the same web site. Please select the link Teacher Evaluation Forms and then the examination title to complete the evaluation form for the June 2006 Regents Examination in Physical Setting/Earth Science. [13] [OVER] Map to Core Curriculum [14]

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Additional Info : Refer : Answer Booklet (page 29) and Scoring Key (page 37)
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