Trending ▼   ResFinder  

New York Regents Earth Science August 2015 Exam

47 pages, 85 questions, 0 questions with responses, 0 total responses,    0    0
New York State Regents Exams
   		+Fave Message
ProfileTimelineUploadsQ & A
 Home > regents >

Formatting page ...

P.S./EARTH SCIENCE The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION PHYSICAL SETTING EARTH SCIENCE Thursday, August 13, 2015 12:30 to 3:30 p.m., only The possession or use of any communications device is strictly prohibited when taking this examination. If you have or use any communications device, no matter how briefly, your examination will be invalidated and no score will be calculated for you. Use your knowledge of Earth science to answer all questions in this examination. Before you begin this examination, you must be provided with the 2011 Edition Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Earth Science. You will need these reference tables to answer some of the questions. You are to answer all questions in all parts of this examination. You may use scrap paper to work out the answers to the questions, but be sure to record your answers on your answer sheet and in your answer booklet. A separate answer sheet for Part A and Part B 1 has been provided to you. Follow the instructions from the proctor for completing the student information on your answer sheet. Record your answers to the Part A and Part B 1 multiple-choice questions on this separate answer sheet. Record your answers for the questions in Part B 2 and Part C in your separate answer booklet. Be sure to fill in the heading on the front of your answer booklet. All answers in your answer booklet should be written in pen, except for graphs and drawings, which should be done in pencil. When you have completed the examination, you must sign the declaration printed on your separate answer sheet, indicating that you had no unlawful knowledge of the questions or answers prior to the examination and that you have neither given nor received assistance in answering any of the questions during the examination. Your answer sheet and answer booklet cannot be accepted if you fail to sign this declaration. Notice . . . A four-function or scientific calculator and a copy of the 2011 Edition Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Earth Science must be available for you to use while taking this examination. DO NOT OPEN THIS EXAMINATION BOOKLET UNTIL THE SIGNAL IS GIVEN. P.S./EARTH SCIENCE Part A Answer all questions in this part. Directions (1 35): For each statement or question, choose the word or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question. Some questions may require the use of the 2011 Edition Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Earth Science. Record your answers on your separate answer sheet. 6 A major piece of evidence supporting the Big Bang theory is the observation that wavelengths of light from stars in distant galaxies show a (1) redshift, appearing to be shorter (2) redshift, appearing to be longer (3) blueshift, appearing to be shorter (4) blueshift, appearing to be longer 1 Which characteristics best describe the star Betelgeuse? (1) reddish orange with low luminosity and high surface temperature (2) reddish orange with high luminosity and low surface temperature (3) blue white with low luminosity and low surface temperature (4) blue white with high luminosity and high surface temperature 7 During the month of January, at which location in New York State is the Sun lowest in the sky at solar noon? (1) Massena (3) Utica (2) Niagara Falls (4) New York City 2 Which motion occurs at a rate of approximately one degree per day? (1) the Moon revolving around Earth (2) the Moon rotating on its axis (3) Earth revolving around the Sun (4) Earth rotating on its axis 8 Which process releases 2260 joules of heat energy per gram of water into the environment? (1) melting (3) condensation (2) freezing (4) evaporation 3 If the tilt of Earth s axis were increased from 23.5 to 30 , summers in New York State would become (1) cooler, and winters would become cooler (2) cooler, and winters would become warmer (3) warmer, and winters would become cooler (4) warmer, and winters would become warmer 9 When snow cover on the land melts, the water will most likely become surface runoff if the land surface is (1) frozen (2) porous (3) grass covered (4) unconsolidated gravel 4 Which object in space emits light because it releases energy produced by nuclear fusion? (1) Earth s Moon (3) Venus (2) Halley s comet (4) Polaris 10 Which area is the most common source region for cold, dry air masses that move over New York State? (1) North Atlantic Ocean (2) Gulf of Mexico (3) central Canada (4) central Mexico 5 Since Denver s longitude is 105 W and Utica s longitude is 75 W, sunrise in Denver occurs (1) 2 hours earlier (3) 3 hours earlier (2) 2 hours later (4) 3 hours later P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 15 [2] 12 Which station model represents a location that has the greatest chance of precipitation? 11 The map below shows a portion of the Hudson River and three tributaries: Catskill Creek, Fishkill Creek, and Wallkill River. 30 191 (1) C at sk C ill 82 Hudson R iver ree k Cr Ossining (4) 14 In which landscape region are New York State s Finger Lakes primarily located? (1) Adirondack Mountains (2) Allegheny Plateau (3) Atlantic Coastal Plain (4) Erie-Ontario Lowlands New York City 15 What is the range of pressure in Earth s interior where rock with a density range of 9.9 to 12.2 g/cm3 is found? (1) 0.2 to 1.4 million atmospheres (2) 0.8 to 2.3 million atmospheres (3) 1.4 to 3.1 million atmospheres (4) 2.3 to 3.5 million atmospheres The greatest discharge of the Hudson River is generally observed near (1) Albany (3) Poughkeepsie (2) Kingston (4) Ossining P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 15 163 13 The Adirondacks are classified as mountains because of the high elevation and bedrock that consists mainly of (1) deformed and intensely metamorphosed rocks (2) glacial deposits of unconsolidated gravels, sands, and clays (3) Cambrian and Ordovician quartzites and marbles (4) horizontal sedimentary rocks of marine origin k F 76 66 (2) Poughkeepsie kill ish (3) 101 81 ee Wall kill R ive r Kingston 123 60 23 Albany 65 [3] [OVER] 22 The photograph below shows rock layers separated by unconformity XY. 16 Earth s magnetic field has reversed itself several times during the past. This pattern of magnetic reversal is best preserved in (1) metamorphic bedrock in mountain ranges (2) bedrock with fossils containing radioactive carbon-14 (3) layers of sedimentary bedrock of the Grand Canyon (4) igneous bedrock of the oceanic crust Y X 17 Which two features are commonly found at divergent plate boundaries? (1) mid-ocean ridges and rift valleys (2) wide valleys and deltas (3) ocean trenches and subduction zones (4) hot spots and island arcs Which sequence of events most likely produced this unconformity? (1) uplift and erosion of bedrock, followed by subsidence and more deposition (2) intrusion of magma into preexisting rock, causing contact metamorphism (3) eruption of a volcano, spreading lava over horizontal sedimentary rock layers (4) separation of one rock layer, by movement along a plate boundary 18 New York State bedrock of which age contains salt, gypsum, and hematite? (1) Cambrian (3) Mississippian (2) Devonian (4) Silurian 19 Scientists infer that oxygen in Earth s atmosphere did not exist in large quantities until after (1) the first multicellular, soft-bodied marine organisms appeared on Earth (2) the initial opening of the Atlantic Ocean (3) the first sexually reproducing organisms appeared on Earth (4) photosynthetic cyanobacteria evolved in Earth s oceans 23 The igneous rock gabbro most likely formed from molten material that cooled (1) rapidly at Earth s surface (2) slowly at Earth s surface (3) rapidly, deep underground (4) slowly, deep underground 24 Which statement best supports the inference that most of Earth s present-day land surfaces have, at one time, been covered by water? (1) Volcanic eruptions contain large amounts of water vapor. (2) Coral reefs formed, in the past, along the edges of many continents. (3) Seafloor spreading has pulled landmasses apart and pushed them together. (4) Sedimentary bedrock of marine origin covers large areas of Earth s continents. 20 Which organisms were alive when New York State was last covered by a continental ice sheet? (1) Eurypterus and Cooksonia (2) Aneurophyton and Naples Tree (3) mastodont and Beluga whale (4) Coelophysis and Elliptocephala 21 One difference between a breccia rock and a conglomerate rock is that the particles in a breccia rock are (1) more aligned (3) harder (2) more angular (4) land derived P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 15 [4] 25 Which diagram best represents the correct orientation of the North Pole [NP] as Earth revolves around the Sun? [Diagrams are not drawn to scale.] NP NP NP NP NP NP Sun Sun NP NP (1) (3) NP NP NP NP NP NP Sun Sun NP NP (2) (4) 26 Which diagram best represents how greenhouse gases in our atmosphere trap heat energy? Key Visible light radiation Absorbed energy Infrared radiation tmospher tmospher tmospher tmospher (2) (3) A A A A (1) e Earth e Earth e Earth e Earth (4) (Not drawn to scale) P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 15 [5] [OVER] 27 The symbols below represent two planets. 5 represents a planet with a mass 5 times Earth s mass. 9 represents a planet with a mass 9 times Earth s mass. Which combination of planet masses and distances produces the greatest gravitational force between the planets? 5 9 5 9 6 6 100 10 km 100 10 km (1) (3) 5 9 9 5 6 6 200 10 km 200 10 km (2) (4) 28 The diagram below represents the circulation of air above Earth s surface at a coastal location during the day and at night. Day Night Land Water Land Water This local air movement is best described as an example of (1) conduction between Earth s surface and the atmosphere above it (2) condensation of water vapor during the day, and evaporation of water during the night (3) convection resulting from temperature and pressure differences above land and water (4) greater radiation from the warmer ocean during the day and from the warmer land at night P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 15 [6] 29 A change in the type and location of large high-pressure systems (H) and large low-pressure systems (L) over Asia creates shifts in prevailing winds that cause a rainy summer season and a dry winter season in southern Asia. Which set of maps below best represents the type and location of pressure systems and the wind pattern around these pressure systems that cause these seasonal changes? Summer Summer H L Winter Winter L H (1) (3) Summer Summer H L Winter Winter L H (2) P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 15 (4) [7] [OVER] 30 The photograph below shows both erosional and depositional features formed by an agent of erosion. Which agent of erosion produced the features shown in the photograph? (1) running water (3) ocean waves (2) glacial ice (4) prevailing wind 31 Which cross section best represents the pattern of sediments deposited on the bottom of a lake as the velocity of the stream entering the lake steadily decreased? Top Top Bottom Bottom (1) (3) Top Top Bottom Bottom (4) (2) Density Density Density Density 32 Which graph best shows the relationship between the compositions of different igneous rocks and their densities? Felsic Mafic Composition Felsic Mafic Composition Felsic Mafic Composition Felsic Mafic Composition (1) (2) (3) (4) P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 15 [8] 33 The geologic cross section below shows rock layers that have not been overturned. Unconformity Fault The fault is older than the (1) slate (2) marble (3) unconformity (4) shale 34 The pie graph below represents the composition, in percent by mass, of the chemical elements found in an Earth layer. Oxygen 46.1% All others 0.9% Potassium 2.1% Magnesium 2.3% Sodium 2.4% Silicon 28.2% Calcium 4.2% Iron 5.6% Aluminum 8.2% The composition of which Earth layer is represented by the pie graph? (1) crust (3) troposphere (2) outer core (4) hydrosphere 35 The diagram below indicates physical changes that accompany the conversion of shale to gneiss. Shale Slate Schist Gneiss Clastic texture Slaty cleavage Obvious foliation Banding Which geologic process is occurring to cause this conversion? (1) sedimentary layering (3) metamorphism (2) intrusion of magma (4) weathering P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 15 [9] [OVER] Part B 1 Answer all questions in this part. Directions (36 50): For each statement or question, choose the word or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question. Some questions may require the use of the 2011 Edition Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Earth Science. Record your answers on your separate answer sheet. Base your answers to questions 36 and 37 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents four tubes, labeled A, B, C, and D, each containing 150 mL of sediments. Tubes A, B, and C contain well-sorted, closely packed sediments of uniform shape and size. Tube D contains uniformly shaped, closely packed sediments of mixed sizes. The particle size of the sediment in each tube is labeled. 0.005 cm A 0.1 cm 0.3 cm B C 0.005 0.3 cm D (Not drawn to scale) 36 Water was added to each tube to just cover the sediments and the volumes of water added were recorded. These data can best be used to determine the (1) particle size of the sediments (3) water retention of the sediments (2) particle shape of the sediments (4) porosity of the sediments 37 If tubes A, B, and C were set up to test for capillarity, the data would show that capillarity is (1) greatest in tube A (3) greatest in tube C (2) greatest in tube B (4) the same for tubes A, B, and C P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 15 [10] Base your answers to questions 38 through 40 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents a cut-away view of Earth s interior and the paths of some of the seismic waves produced by an earthquake that originated below Earth s surface. Points A, B, and C represent seismic stations on Earth s surface. Point D represents a location at the boundary between the core and the mantle. Crust P- and S-waves received at seismic stations Epicenter A Core Mantle B No waves received D Key P-waves C S-waves Only P-waves received 38 Seismic station A is 5000 kilometers from the epicenter. What is the difference between the arrival time of the first P-wave and the arrival time of the first S-wave recorded at this station? (1) 2 minutes 20 seconds (3) 8 minutes 20 seconds (2) 6 minutes 40 seconds (4) 15 minutes 00 second 39 Which process prevented P-waves from arriving at seismic station B? (1) refraction (3) convection (2) reflection (4) conduction 40 Only P-waves were recorded at seismic station C because P-waves travel (1) only through Earth s interior, and S-waves travel only on Earth s surface (2) fast enough to penetrate the core, and S-waves travel too slowly (3) through iron and nickel, while S-waves cannot (4) through liquids, while S-waves cannot P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 15 [11] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 41 through 43 on the diagrams below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagrams, labeled A, B, and C, represent equal-sized portions of the Sun s rays striking Earth s surface at 23.5 N latitude at noon at three different times of the year. The angle at which the Sun s rays hit Earth s surface and the relative areas of Earth s surface receiving the rays at the three different angles of insolation are shown. Sun s rays Sun s rays Sun s rays 90 66.5 43 Earth s surface A B C 41 As viewed in sequence from A to B to C, these diagrams represent which months and which change in the intensity of insolation? (1) December March June; and decreasing intensity (2) December March June; and increasing intensity (3) June September December; and decreasing intensity (4) June September December; and increasing intensity 42 As the angle of the Sun s rays striking Earth s surface at noon changes from 90 to 43 , the length of a shadow cast by an object will (1) decrease (3) decrease, then increase (2) increase (4) increase, then decrease 90 66.5 43 Angle ( ) (1) P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 15 Duration Duration Duration Duration 43 Which graph best shows the duration of insolation at this location as the angle of insolation changes? 90 66.5 Angle ( ) 43 90 66.5 Angle ( ) (3) (2) [12] 43 90 66.5 Angle ( ) (4) 43 Base your answers to questions 44 through 47 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents the Moon at four positions, labeled A, B, C, and D, in its orbit around Earth. The position of the full-Moon phase is labeled. A Full Moon North Pole B D Sun s rays Key C (Not drawn to scale) Lighted side Dark side 44 Approximately how many days (d) does it take for the Moon to move from the phase shown at position A to the full-Moon phase? (1) 7.4 d (3) 27.3 d (2) 14.7 d (4) 29.5 d 45 Which phase of the Moon could be observed from New York State when the Moon is at position C? (1) (2) (3) (4) 46 The same side of the Moon always faces Earth because the Moon s period of revolution (1) is longer than the Moon s period of rotation (2) equals the Moon s period of rotation (3) is longer than Earth s period of rotation (4) equals Earth s period of rotation 47 Solar and lunar eclipses rarely happen during a cycle of phases because the (1) Moon s orbit is circular and Earth s orbit is elliptical (2) Moon s orbit is elliptical and Earth s orbit is elliptical (3) plane of the Moon s orbit is different from the plane of Earth s orbit (4) plane of the Moon s orbit is the same as the plane of Earth s orbit P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 15 [13] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 48 through 50 on the maps and data table below and on your knowledge of Earth science. Map I shows the Outer Banks and part of North Carolina along the southeastern coast of the United States. Maps II and III show enlargements of the Avon-Buxton section of the Outer Banks indicated by box X on map I. Map II shows the land and shoreline in 1852. Map III shows the land and shoreline in 1998. The dotted line on map III shows the location of the 1852 shoreline. The data table shows the average width, in meters, at various years, of the Avon-Buxton section. Avon-Buxton Section of Outer Banks Map II Map III Map I Avon-Buxton 1852 North Carolina Avon-Buxton 1998 Pamlico Sound Pamlico Sound Ocean Outer Banks North Carolina Pamlico Sound Atlantic Ocean N Avon Buxton X Key N Core Banks 1852 shoreline Avon-Buxton Section Width from 1852 to 1998 Year Average Width (m) 1852 813 1917 547 1940 426 1962 284 1974 284 1998 P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 15 Ocean 219 [14] 48 The Outer Banks were formed primarily from sediments eroded and deposited by ocean waves. Which type of landform are the Outer Banks? (1) outwash plains (3) river deltas (2) moraine deposits (4) barrier islands 49 Which bar graph best shows the average width of the Avon-Buxton section of the Outer Banks from 1852 to 1998? 800 800 800 700 700 700 700 600 500 400 300 600 500 400 300 Section Width (m) 900 Section Width (m) 900 Section Width (m) 900 800 600 500 400 300 600 500 400 300 200 100 100 100 100 0 0 0 0 1852 1917 1940 1962 1974 1998 200 1852 1917 1940 1962 1974 1998 200 1852 1917 1940 1962 1974 1998 200 1852 1917 1940 1962 1974 1998 Section Width (m) 900 Year Year Year Year (1) (2) (3) (4) 50 Which ocean current has the greatest warming influence on the climate of the Outer Banks of North Carolina? (1) Gulf Stream Current (3) Labrador Current (2) North Atlantic Current (4) Canary Current P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 15 [15] [OVER] Part B 2 Answer all questions in this part. Directions (51 65): Record your answers in the spaces provided in your answer booklet. Some questions may require the use of the 2011 Edition Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Earth Science. Base your answers to questions 51 through 54 on the passage and the graph below and on your knowledge of Earth science. Great Lake Effects The Great Lakes influence the weather and climate of nearby land regions at all times of the year. Much of this lake effect is determined by the relative temperatures of surface lake water compared to the surface air temperatures over those land areas. The graph below shows the average monthly temperature of the surface water of Lake Erie and the surface air temperature at Buffalo, New York. In an average year, four lake-effect seasons are experienced. When surface lake temperatures are colder than surface air temperatures, a stable season occurs. The cooler lake waters suppress cloud development and reduce the strength of rainstorms. As a result, late spring and early summer in the Buffalo region tends to be very sunny. A season of lake-effect rains follows. August is usually a time of heavy nighttime rains, and much of the rainy season is marked by heavy, localized rainstorms downwind from the lake. Gradually, during late October, lake-effect rains are replaced by snows. Generally, the longer the time the wind travels over the lake, the heavier the lake effect becomes in Buffalo. Finally, conditions stabilize again, as the relatively shallow Lake Erie freezes over, usually near the end of January. Very few lake-effect storms occur during this time period. Average Monthly Temperatures Lake-effect stable season Frozen lake 80 70 60 60 50 Su r 40 40 e fa c e ai 50 ra tB wa uf te fa ro lo fL ak eE rie 70 a S u rf c Temperature ( F) Temperature ( F) 80 Lakeeffect snow Lakeeffect rain 30 30 20 20 J F M A M J J A S O N D Month Source: www.erh.noaa.gov (adapted) P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 15 [16] 51 The passage states, The cooler lake waters suppress cloud development because the water cools the air above its surface. Explain why this cool air above the lake surface reduces the amount of cloud development. [1] 52 Identify one weather variable that determines whether Buffalo receives rain or snow from a lake-effect storm in October. [1] 53 On the map in your answer booklet, draw one straight arrow in Lake Erie to show the winter wind direction most likely to bring the heaviest lake-effect snows to Buffalo. [1] 54 Explain why the Buffalo surface air temperatures increase faster and earlier in the year than do the surface water temperatures of Lake Erie. [1] Base your answers to questions 55 through 58 on the graph in your answer booklet and on your knowledge of Earth science. The graph shows planet equatorial diameters and planet mean distances from the Sun. Neptune is not shown. 55 In your answer booklet, place an X on the graph to indicate where Neptune would be plotted, based on its mean distance from the Sun and its equatorial diameter. [1] 56 The diagram in your answer booklet represents Earth drawn to a scale of 1 cm = 2000 km. Centimeter markings along the equatorial diameter of Earth are also shown on the diagram. On the diagram in your answer booklet, shade in the space between the centimeter markings to represent the equatorial diameter of Earth s Moon at this same scale. [1] 57 Compared to the periods of revolution and periods of rotation of the terrestrial planets, how are the periods of revolution and periods of rotation for the Jovian planets different? [1] 58 The center of the asteroid belt is approximately 404 million kilometers from the Sun. State the name of the planet that is closest to the center of the asteroid belt. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 15 [17] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 59 through 61 on the map of Haiti s location and portion of the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale below, on the Haiti Earthquake Intensity Map in your answer booklet, and on your knowledge of Earth science. The map shows the location of Haiti in the Atlantic Ocean. The Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale describes the amount and type of damage caused by an earthquake on a scale from I to XII. A portion of this scale is shown below. Modified Mercalli intensity values for the January 12, 2010, earthquake in Haiti are represented on the Haiti Earthquake Intensity Map in your answer booklet. Map of Haiti s Location North America Atlantic Ocean Caribbean Sea Pacific Ocean Haiti South America A Portion of the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale Intensity Description of Effects IV V Felt by nearly everyone; some dishes, windows broken VI Felt by all; slight damage to ordinary structures VII Damage rare in buildings of good design and construction; slight to moderate in ordinary structures; considerable damage in poorly built structures; some chimneys broken VIII Damage slight in specially designed structures; considerable damage in ordinary substantial buildings with partial collapse; damage great in poorly built structures; falling chimneys, columns, monuments, walls IX Damage considerable in specially designed structures; damage great in substantial buildings, with partial collapse; buildings shifted off foundations X P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 15 Generally felt by people in motion, loose objects disturbed Some well-built wooden structures destroyed; most concrete and frame structures destroyed along with foundations [18] 59 On the earthquake intensity map in your answer booklet, boundary lines have been drawn between the Modified Mercalli intensity values of IV and V. On the map in your answer booklet, draw boundary lines between the Modified Mercalli intensity values of V and VI. [1] 60 State the latitude and longitude of Savane Baptiste. Include the units and compass directions in your answer. [1] 61 Haiti is located at a transform boundary between which two tectonic plates? [1] Base your answers to questions 62 through 65 on the passage below and on your knowledge of Earth science. Dinosaur Fossils Bones of juvenile long-necked sauropod dinosaurs, Abydosaurus mcintoshi, have recently been found in 105-million-year-old sandstone at the Dinosaur National Monument in Utah. The remains of four individual dinosaurs were found, including two intact skulls. This find is unusual because the softer tissue holding the thin sauropod dinosaur skull bones together usually disintegrates, allowing the skull bones to separate. Only 8 of 120 types of sauropods discovered have complete skull specimens. These dinosaurs were herbivores, with large numbers of sharp teeth that were probably replaced five to six times each year. These teeth allowed only for the harvesting of plant material, but not for chewing it afterward. The plant-harvesting teeth and long neck identify Abydosaurus mcintoshi as a descendant of the brachiosaurs. 62 On the timeline in your answer booklet, place an X on line AB to indicate the time when Abydosaurus mcintoshi lived. [1] 63 Indicate the range of grain sizes in the type of bedrock in which Abydosaurus mcintoshi bones were found. [1] 64 Identify one group of organisms that was a likely food source for Abydosaurus mcintoshi. [1] 65 State a natural event that is inferred by most scientists to be the cause of extinction of the last of the dinosaurs. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 15 [19] [OVER] Part C Answer all questions in this part. Directions (66 85): Record your answers in the spaces provided in your answer booklet. Some questions may require the use of the 2011 Edition Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Earth Science. Base your answers to questions 66 through 69 on the block diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents an igneous intrusion that solidified between some layers of sedimentary rock. Letter X represents an index fossil in a sedimentary rock layer. The rock layers have not been overturned. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X Key Igneous intrusion Contact metamorphism (Not drawn to scale) 66 Describe the evidence represented in the diagram that indicates that the shale layer and the limestone layer are older than the igneous intrusion. [1] 67 The limestone layer is composed mostly of what mineral? [1] 68 Describe one characteristic of fossil X that makes it a good index fossil. [1] 69 The igneous intrusion contains the radioactive isotope potassium-40, which is used in radioactive dating to determine the age of rocks. State one property of potassium-40 that allows it to be useful in the radioactive dating of rocks. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 15 [20] Base your answers to questions 70 through 73 on the data table below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The data show the rate of change in the apparent direction of the swing of a Foucault pendulum at various latitudes on Earth, in degrees per hour. A Foucault Pendulum s Swing Latitude ( ) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Rate of Change in Apparent Direction of Swing ( /h) 0.0 2.6 5.1 7.5 9.6 11.5 13.0 14.1 14.8 15.0 70 On the grid in your answer booklet, plot the hourly change in a Foucault pendulum s apparent direction of swing at the latitudes shown on the data table. Connect the plots with a line. [1] 71 Calculate how many hours are needed for a Foucault pendulum located at the North Pole to complete a 360 change in its apparent direction of swing. [1] 72 If a Foucault pendulum were set up on Mars, it would most likely show similar changes in the pendulum s apparent direction of swing. Identify the motion of the planet Mars that would cause this change. [1] 73 The Coriolis force results from the same motion that causes the Foucault pendulum to change its apparent direction of swing. The diagram below represents the relative strength of the Coriolis force acting on air moving over Earth s surface. North Pole Deflection to right ce for No deflection n otio lis io Equator m of Co r Pa th Key Direction of air motion Strength of Coriolis force (indicated by the length of the arrows) Deflection to left South Pole Describe how the strength of the Coriolis force changes with latitude. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 15 [21] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 74 through 76 on the block diagram below, which represents a landscape drained by a stream system, and on your knowledge of Earth science. The actual sizes and shapes of three rock samples, labeled A, B, and C, and the locations where they were found in the stream are indicated in the diagram. A New York State index fossil is shown in rock sample A. A B C Lake P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 15 [22] 74 Explain how the appearance of rock sample A indicates that the sample has spent very little time being transported by the stream. [1] 75 Rock sample C has a diameter of 2 centimeters. Determine the minimum stream velocity needed to transport rock sample C to its present location. [1] 76 The stream profile below shows the locations of rock samples A, B, and C in the streambed. Elevation (m) 500 400 300 A B C 200 Lake 100 Distance (km) 0 1 2 km Calculate the stream gradient between the locations of rock sample A and rock sample C. [1] Base your answers to questions 77 through 80 on the map in your answer booklet and on your knowledge of Earth science. The map shows the path of a tornado that moved through a portion of Nebraska on May 22, 2004 between 7:30 p.m. and 9:10 p.m. The path of the tornado along the ground is indicated by the shaded region. The width of the shading indicates the width of destruction on the ground. Numbers on the tornado s path indicate the Fujita intensity at those locations. The Fujita Intensity Scale (F-Scale), in the left corner of the map, provides information about wind speed and damage at various F-Scale intensities. 77 On the map in your answer booklet, place an X at a location where the tornado damage was greatest. [1] 78 State a possible wind speed of the tornado, in kilometers per hour (km/h), when it was moving through the town of Bennet. [1] 79 Identify the weather instrument usually used to measure wind speed. [1] 80 Describe one safety precaution that should be taken if a tornado has been sighted approaching your home. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 15 [23] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 81 through 85 on the reading passage and map below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The passage provides information regarding the eruption of a volcano in Iceland. The map shows the thickness of ash deposits, in centimeters (cm), during the first three days of the eruption. Point A, representing the volcano s location, and point B, representing a location on Earth s surface, are connected with a reference line. Iceland Volcano Eruption Spreads Ash Cloud over Europe On April 14, 2010, Eyjafjallaj kull volcano, located in southern Iceland, explosively erupted, sending large volumes of volcanic ash high into the atmosphere. Much of the ash fell quickly to Earth, as seen in the map, but large quantities remained airborne and spread over Europe. Most of the ash was transported within the atmosphere below 10 kilometers. Air traffic across the Atlantic and throughout Europe was severely disrupted, as airlines were forced to keep jet aircraft on the ground. Ash Fall (cm) April 14 16 in Iceland 63 40 N 20 A 10 1 5 63 30 N B 0.5 3 2 Atlantic Ocean 0.5 0.1 18 30 W 19 30 W 0 5 10 km Source: Ash generation and distribution from the April-May 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallaj kull, Iceland, Gudmundsson et al., Scientific Reports, August 14, 2012 (adapted) P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 15 [24] 81 On the grid in your answer booklet, construct a profile of the thickness of the volcanic ash deposits by plotting the ash fall along line AB. Plot each point where an isoline showing thickness is crossed by line AB. Ash thickness at location A has been plotted. Complete the profile by connecting all seven plots with a line. [1] 82 Identify the atmospheric layer within which most of the volcanic ash was transported. [1] 83 Describe one way the volcanic ash cloud may have contributed to cooler weather conditions in Europe. [1] 84 The graphs below indicate the percent by mass of different diameters of ash particles deposited at 2 kilometers and 60 kilometers from the volcanic eruption. Volcanic Ash Deposited from the April 14-16 Eruption Deposited 2 km from Volcano 25 Deposited 60 km from Volcano 30 25 Mass (%) 35 30 20 15 20 15 Diameter (mm) 0.001 0.004 0.002 0.016 0.008 0.032 0.125 0.063 0.500 0.250 2.0 1.0 8.0 0.001 0.004 0.002 0.008 0.032 0.016 0.125 0.063 0 0.500 0 0.250 5 2.0 1.0 5 4.0 10 8.0 10 4.0 Mass (%) 35 Diameter (mm) Describe how the size of the deposited ash particles changed with increased distance from the volcano. [1] 85 Explain why the lithosphere in the vicinity of Eyjafjallaj kull is more volcanically active than most other regions of Earth s surface. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 15 [25] The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION PHYSICAL SETTING EARTH SCIENCE Thursday, August 13, 2015 12:30 to 3:30 p.m., only ANSWER BOOKLET Male Student . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sex: Female Teacher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Grade . . . . . . . . . Record your answers for Part B 2 and Part C in this booklet. Part B 2 51 52 53 45 N Lake Huron A AD N CA Lake Ontario Michigan Buffalo Lake Erie Pennsylvania Ohio 40 N 85 W 80 W 75 W 54 55 Planet Diameters and Planet Distances from the Sun 150 Jupiter 140 130 Saturn Equatorial Diameter of Planet (x 103 km) 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 Uranus 50 40 30 20 Earth Venus 10 Mercury 0 Mars 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 Mean Distance from Sun (x 106 km) P.S./E. Sci. Answer Booklet Aug. 15 [2] 4000 4500 5000 56 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 cm Scale: 1 cm = 2000 km 57 Jovian periods of revolution: Jovian periods of rotation: 58 P.S./E. Sci. Answer Booklet Aug. 15 [3] [OVER] 59 Haiti Earthquake Intensity Map 20 N IV Caribbean Sea Haiti V 19 N V V V VI IV VI V IV V IV IV V Savane Baptiste VI V VII VI X IX Port-au-Prince VIII VIII VII IX X VII VIII VI VIII VII VI VII V VI Repub lic IV Domin ican IV 18 N 74 W 73 W 60 Latitude: ________________________________ 72 W Longitude: ________________________________ 61 __________________________________ Plate and __________________________________ Plate P.S./E. Sci. Answer Booklet Aug. 15 [4] 62 B Oligocene Eocene Paleocene Paleogene Late Cretaceous Early Late Middle Jurassic Early Late Triassic Middle Early Late Middle Permian Early A 63 _____________ cm to _____________ cm 64 65 P.S./E. Sci. Answer Booklet Aug. 15 [5] [OVER] Part C 66 67 68 69 70 A Foucault Pendulum s Swing Rate of Change in Apparent Direction of Swing ( /h) 15 10 5 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 Latitude ( ) 71 h P.S./E. Sci. Answer Booklet Aug. 15 [6] 60 70 80 90 72 73 74 75 cm/s 76 m/km 77 Path of Nebraska Tornado Palmyra Fujita Intensity Scale F-Scale Wind Speed 9:10 p.m. Bennet Damage 3 1 0 (km/h) F0 less than 116 116-180 moderate F2 181-253 considerable F3 254-332 333-419 devastating F5 higher than 419 Princeton severe F4 incredible Hallam Wilber F-Scale intensity Western 7:30 p.m. 1 0 1 1 01 1 1 Daykin 0 1 0 4 1 2 4 42 2 4 2 3 4 2 2 1 Panama Firth Cortland 2 Clatonia 0 Adams N De Witt Pickrell Swanton Plymouth 0 78 2 Hickman light F1 5 10 15 20 km km/h 79 80 P.S./E. Sci. Answer Booklet Aug. 15 [7] [OVER] P.S./EARTH SCIENCE 81 Depth of Volcanic Ash from April 14 16 Eruptions 30 28 26 24 22 Ash Depth (cm) 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 A B 82 83 84 85 [8] Printed on Recycled Paper P.S./EARTH SCIENCE P.S./E. Sci. Answer Booklet Aug. 15 FOR TEACHERS ONLY The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE Thursday, August 13, 2015 12:30 to 3:30 p.m., only SCORING KEY AND RATING GUIDE Directions to the Teacher: Refer to the directions on page 2 before rating student papers. Updated information regarding the rating of this examination may be posted on the New York State Education Department s web site during the rating period. Check this web site at: http://www.p12.nysed.gov/assessment/ and select the link Scoring Information for any recently posted information regarding this examination. This site should be checked before the rating process for this examination begins and several times throughout the Regents Examination period. Part A and Part B 1 Allow 1 credit for each correct response. Part A 1 ......2...... 10 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 19 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . 28 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 2 ......3...... 11 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . 20 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 29 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . 3 ......3...... 12 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 21 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 30 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 4 ......4...... 13 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 22 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 31 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 5 ......2...... 14 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 23 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . 32 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 6 ......2...... 15 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 24 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . 33 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . 7 ......1...... 16 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 34 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 8 ......3...... 17 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 26 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 35 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 9 ......1...... 18 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . 27 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . Part B 1 36 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . 40 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . 44 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 48 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . 37 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 41 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 45 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . 49 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 38 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 42 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 46 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 50 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 39 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 43 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 47 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . Directions to the Teacher Follow the procedures below for scoring student answer papers for the Regents Examination in Physical Setting/Earth Science. Additional information about scoring is provided in the publication Information Booklet for Scoring Regents Examinations in the Sciences. Do not attempt to correct the student s work by making insertions or changes of any kind. If the student s responses for the multiple-choice questions are being hand scored prior to being scanned, the scorer must be careful not to make any marks on the answer sheet except to record the scores in the designated score boxes. Marks elsewhere on the answer sheet will interfere with the accuracy of the scanning. Allow 1 credit for each correct response. At least two science teachers must participate in the scoring of the Part B 2 and Part C open-ended questions on a student s paper. Each of these teachers should be responsible for scoring a selected number of the open-ended questions on each answer paper. No one teacher is to score more than approximately one-half of the open-ended questions on a student s answer paper. Teachers may not score their own students answer papers. Students responses must be scored strictly according to the Scoring Key and Rating Guide. For open-ended questions, credit may be allowed for responses other than those given in the rating guide if the response is a scientifically accurate answer to the question and demonstrates adequate knowledge as indicated by the examples in the rating guide. On the student s separate answer sheet, for each question, record the number of credits earned and the teacher s assigned rater/scorer letter. Fractional credit is not allowed. Only whole-number credit may be given for a response. If the student gives more than one answer to a question, only the first answer should be rated. Units need not be given when the wording of the questions allows such omissions. For hand scoring, raters should enter the scores earned in the appropriate boxes printed on the separate answer sheet. Next, the rater should add these scores and enter the total in the space provided. The student s score for the Earth Science Performance Test should be recorded in the space provided. Then the student s raw scores on the written test and the performance test should be converted to a scale score by using the conversion chart that will be posted on the Department s web site at: http://www.p12.nysed.gov/assessment/ on Thursday, August 13, 2015. The student s scale score should be entered in the box labeled Scale Score on the student s answer sheet. The scale score is the student s final examination score. Schools are not permitted to rescore any of the open-ended questions on this exam after each question has been rated once, regardless of the final exam score. Schools are required to ensure that the raw scores have been added correctly and that the resulting scale score has been determined accurately. Because scale scores corresponding to raw scores in the conversion chart may change from one administration to another, it is crucial that, for each administration, the conversion chart provided for that administration be used to determine the student s final score. P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Aug. 15 [2] Part B 2 Allow a maximum of 15 credits for this part. 51 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Cooler air near the lake remains close to the surface because it is more dense than the surrounding air. Cold air over the lake is more dense. Cooler air over Lake Erie is less likely to rise. Convection is reduced. Less evaporation occurs when the air is colder. lack of moisture Warm air rises to form clouds. 52 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: temperature/air temperature The average temperature of the air is colder when Buffalo receives snow. 53 [1] Allow 1 credit for any arrow drawn from a southwest to northeast orientation on Lake Erie pointing toward Buffalo. Note: Allow credit even if the arrow extends before Lake Erie or beyond Buffalo. If additional arrows are drawn, they need not be over Lake Erie, but must have a general SW to NE direction. Example of a 1-credit response: 45 N Lake Huron DA A AN Lake Ontario C Michigan Buffalo Lake Erie Pennsylvania Ohio 40 N 85 W P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Aug. 15 75 W 80 W [3] 54 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: The specific heat of water is greater than the specific heat of land or dry land, so the air over the land heats up faster than the air over the lake. More energy is required to heat up the same amount of water than to heat the same amount of land. Air has a lower specific heat than water. A lot of energy is used to melt the ice on Lake Erie. Lake Erie is still covered by ice. The darker land surface absorbs greater insolation. Land heats up faster than water. P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Aug. 15 [4] 55 [1] Allow 1 credit if the center of the X for Neptune is plotted within or touches the grid square that is circled as shown below. Note: Allow credit if a symbol other than an X is used. Neptune need not be labeled. Planet Diameters and Planet Distances from the Sun 150 Jupiter 140 130 Saturn Equatorial Diameter of Planet (x 103 km) 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 Uranus Neptune 50 40 30 20 Earth Venus 10 Mercury 0 Mars 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Mean Distance from Sun (x P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Aug. 15 [5] 3500 106 km) 4000 4500 5000 56 [1] Allow 1 credit for indicating a diameter of any value from 1.6 cm to 1.9 cm. Note: Allow credit for a shading anywhere along or on the centimeter scale as long as it is 1.6 cm to 1.9 cm long. 57 [1] Allow 1 credit if both responses are correct. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Jovian periods of revolution: longer greater more time Jovian periods of rotation: shorter less time Note: Allow credit if the student answers slower for periods of revolution and faster for periods of rotation, even though these refer to rate, not to periods of time. 58 [1] Allow 1 credit for Mars. 59 [1] Allow 1 credit if boundary lines between V and VI are correctly drawn. Note: Allow a credit even if a student-drawn line extends into the water. Do not allow credit if the student-drawn line touches or passes through any Mercalli value. If extra Mercalli lines are drawn, all must be correct to receive credit. Example of a 1-credit response: Haiti Earthquake Intensity Map 20 N IV Caribbean Sea Haiti V 19 N V V V VI IV VI V IV V IV IV V Savane Baptiste VI V VII VI X IX Port-au-Prince VIII VIII VII IX X VII VI VI VIII VIII VII VII V VI 18 N 74 W P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Aug. 15 73 W [6] 72 W Repub lic IV Domin ican IV 60 [1] Allow 1 credit if both responses are correct. Latitude: 19 N Longitude: 72 W 61 [1] Allow 1 credit for North American Plate and Caribbean Plate. 62 [1] Allow 1 credit for the center of an X within or touching the box shown below. B Oligocene Eocene Paleocene Paleogene Late Cretaceous Early Late Middle Jurassic Early Late Triassic Middle Early Late Middle Permian Early A Note: Allow credit if a symbol other than an X is used. It is recommended that an overlay of the same scale as the student answer booklet be used to ensure reliability in rating. 63 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: 0.006 cm to 0.2 cm 0.2 cm to 0.006 cm P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Aug. 15 [7] 64 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: vascular plants flowering plants trees ferns plants plant materials Note: Do not accept grasses because the earliest grasses appeared in the Oligocene. Do not accept the name of any index fossil found in the Earth Science Reference Tables because they did not live during the time that Abydosaurus mcintoshi lived. 65 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: an asteroid impact an impact event a meteorite/meteor/meteoroid collision with Earth climate change a disruption of food chains/food webs comet impact Note: Do not allow credit for meteorite, meteor, meteoroid, or comet alone because they do not describe a natural event. Do not allow credit for volcanic eruption because this is not the most widely inferred cause of dinosaur extinction. P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Aug. 15 [8] Part C 66 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Both layers have contact metamorphism. The layers were changed by the igneous intrusion. The intrusion could only metamorphose layers that are already existing. contact metamorphism Note: Do not allow credit for igneous intrusions are younger than the rock they cut across because the intrusion does not cut across the shale layer. 67 [1] Allow 1 credit for calcite. 68 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: widespread distribution lived for a short time easily identified 69 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Potassium-40 decays at a specific rate. K-40 has a known half-life. K-40 has a constant rate of decay. K-40 decays at a rate independent of external factors. Potassium-40 has a long half-life. The half-life of K-40 is 1.3 109 years. P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Aug. 15 [9] 70 [1] Allow 1 credit if the centers of all ten plots are within or touch the circles shown below and are correctly connected with a line passing within or touching the circles. Note: Allow credit if a line misses a plot, but is still within or touches the circle. It is recommended that an overlay of the same scale as the student answer booklet be used to ensure reliability in rating. A Foucault Pendulum s Swing Rate of Change in Apparent Direction of Swing ( /h) 15 10 5 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Latitude ( ) 71 [1] Allow 1 credit for 24 h. 72 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: rotation spin turning on its axis Note: Do not allow credit for faster rotation or shorter rotation because these are scientifically incorrect with respect to the rotation of Mars compared to the rotation of Earth. P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Aug. 15 [10] 73 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: As latitude increases, the Coriolis force increases. the closer to the equator, the weaker the Coriolis force The Coriolis force is strongest by the poles. direct relationship 74 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: The sample is angular in appearance. It is not rounded. The edges are not worn off. Note: Do not accept not very weathered or no abrasion because this does not describe an appearance or observable characteristic of the rock sample. 75 [1] Allow 1 credit for any value from 70 cm/s to 110 cm/s. 76 [1] Allow 1 credit for any value from 48 m/km to 52 m/km. 77 [1] Allow 1 credit if the center of the X is within or touches any of the clear areas along the path of the tornado shown below. Note: It is recommended that an overlay of the same scale as the student answer booklet be used to ensure reliability in rating. Path of Nebraska Tornado Palmyra Fujita Intensity Scale F-Scale Wind Speed 9:10 p.m. Bennet Damage 3 1 0 (km/h) F0 F1 116-180 moderate F2 181-253 considerable F3 254-332 333-419 devastating F5 higher than 419 Princeton severe F4 incredible Hallam 7:30 p.m. 1 0 1 1 Daykin 1 01 1 0 2 2 Wilber F-Scale intensity Western 1 0 2 1 2 2 2 1 Panama 3 Firth Cortland 2 Clatonia 0 Adams N De Witt Pickrell Swanton Plymouth 0 P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Aug. 15 2 Hickman light less than 116 [11] 5 10 15 20 km 78 [1] Allow 1 credit for any value from 254 km/h to 332 km/h. 79 [1] Allow 1 credit for anemometer or wind speed meter. 80 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: go into a basement or underground storm shelter go to an interior room stay away from windows get under something sturdy Note: Do not allow credit for a response that indicates a safety precaution to prepare for a future tornado. P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Aug. 15 [12] 81 [1] Allow 1 credit if the centers of all six student plots are within or touch the rectangles shown below and all seven plots are correctly connected with a line that passes within or touches the rectangles from point A to point B. Note: Allow credit if the line misses a plot but is still within or touches the rectangle. It is recommended that an overlay of the same scale as the student answer booklet be used to ensure reliability in rating. Depth of Volcanic Ash from April 14 16 Eruptions 30 28 26 24 22 Ash Depth (cm) 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 A B 82 [1] Allow 1 credit for troposphere. 83 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: The ash most likely reflected/scattered the incoming solar radiation. Less sunlight was received at Earth s surface. The ash most likely blocked some of the sunlight. Atmospheric transparency was reduced. The cloud blocked the Sun. P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Aug. 15 [13] 84 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: A greater percentage by mass of smaller ash particles was carried farther. The larger particles were carried shorter distances. They tend to be a smaller size. 85 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Iceland is located above a mantle hotspot. A tectonic plate boundary passes through Iceland. Iceland is on a divergent plate boundary. Iceland is located on a mid-ocean ridge. P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Aug. 15 [14]

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

Formatting page ...

 

  Print intermediate debugging step

Show debugging info


 


Tags : New York State, High School Regents, Examinations, Past exams, solvedTest Papers, Education, Assessment and Testing.  


© 2010 - 2025 ResPaper. Terms of ServiceContact Us Advertise with us

 

regents chat