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New York Regents Earth Science January 2014

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P.S./EARTH SCIENCE The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION PHYSICAL SETTING EARTH SCIENCE Wednesday, January 29, 2014 1:15 to 4:15 p.m., only The possession or use of any communications device is strictly prohibited when taking this examination. If you have or use any communications device, no matter how briefly, your examination will be invalidated and no score will be calculated for you. Use your knowledge of Earth science to answer all questions in this examination. Before you begin this examination, you must be provided with the 2011 Edition Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Earth Science. You will need these reference tables to answer some of the questions. You are to answer all questions in all parts of this examination. You may use scrap paper to work out the answers to the questions, but be sure to record your answers on your answer sheet and in your answer booklet. A separate answer sheet for Part A and Part B 1 has been provided to you. Follow the instructions from the proctor for completing the student information on your answer sheet. Record your answers to the Part A and Part B 1 multiple-choice questions on this separate answer sheet. Record your answers for the questions in Part B 2 and Part C in your separate answer booklet. Be sure to fill in the heading on the front of your answer booklet. All answers in your answer booklet should be written in pen, except for graphs and drawings, which should be done in pencil. When you have completed the examination, you must sign the declaration printed on your separate answer sheet, indicating that you had no unlawful knowledge of the questions or answers prior to the examination and that you have neither given nor received assistance in answering any of the questions during the examination. Your answer sheet and answer booklet cannot be accepted if you fail to sign this declaration. Notice . . . A four-function or scientific calculator and a copy of the 2011 Edition Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Earth Science must be available for you to use while taking this examination. DO NOT OPEN THIS EXAMINATION BOOKLET UNTIL THE SIGNAL IS GIVEN. P.S./EARTH SCIENCE Part A Answer all questions in this part. Directions (1 35): For each statement or question, choose the word or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question. Some questions may require the use of the 2011 Edition Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Earth Science. Record your answers on your separate answer sheet. 4 Which motion causes the Coriolis effect on Earth? (1) revolution of Earth around the Sun (2) revolution of the Moon around Earth (3) rotation of Earth on its axis (4) rotation of the Moon on its axis 1 At a location in the Northern Hemisphere, a camera was placed outside at night with the lens pointing straight up. The shutter was left open for four hours, resulting in the star trails shown below. 5 When water vapor condenses, how much heat energy will be released into the atmosphere? (1) 2260 joules/gram (3) 4.18 joules/gram (2) 334 joules/gram (4) 2.11 joules/gram 6 Liquid water sometimes turns into ice when it comes in contact with Earth s surface. Which present weather symbol on a station model represents this type of precipitation? (1) At which latitude were these star trails observed? (1) 1 N (3) 60 N (2) 30 N (4) 90 N (2) (4) 7 A weather station model is shown below. 25 2 Why are some constellations visible to New York State observers at midnight during April, but not visible at midnight during October? (1) Constellations move within our galaxy. (2) Constellations have elliptical orbits. (3) Earth revolves around the Sun. (4) Earth rotates on its axis. 998 23 Which information shown on the station model is most closely associated with measurements from an anemometer? 3 A red shift in the light from very distant galaxies suggests that the universe is (1) fixed and stationary (3) contracting (2) moving randomly (4) expanding 25 [2] 998 (1) P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 14 (3) (2) (3) (4) 11 An air mass entering Alaska from the northern Pacific Ocean would most likely be labeled on a weather map as (1) cP (3) mP (2) cT (4) mT 8 A dry-bulb temperature of 30 C and a wet-bulb temperature of 29 C were recorded at a weather station. What are the relative humidity and the most likely weather conditions? (1) Relative humidity is 29% with clear skies. (2) Relative humidity is 29% with a good chance of snow. (3) Relative humidity is 93% with clear skies. (4) Relative humidity is 93% with a good chance of rain. 12 Most tornadoes in the Northern Hemisphere are best described as violently rotating columns of air surrounded by (1) clockwise surface winds moving toward the columns (2) clockwise surface winds moving away from the columns (3) counterclockwise surface winds moving toward the columns (4) counterclockwise surface winds moving away from the columns 9 The arrows on the map below show the prevailing winds at a midlatitude coastal city. Ocean City Land N This city most likely has a climate that is (1) arid, with a small difference between highest and lowest yearly temperatures (2) arid, with a large difference between highest and lowest yearly temperatures (3) humid, with a small difference between highest and lowest yearly temperatures (4) humid, with a large difference between highest and lowest yearly temperatures 13 The major source of oxygen in Earth s Early Proterozoic atmosphere is inferred to have been produced by (1) oceanic cyanobacteria (2) outgassing from volcanic eruptions (3) radioactive decay in Earth s inner core (4) evaporation of ocean water the the 14 Earth has sedimentary bedrock of marine origin that is four billion years old. Which inference can be made from this information? (1) Earth had oceans four billion years ago. (2) Sedimentary rocks formed from magma when Earth cooled four billion years ago. (3) Most sedimentary rocks are at least four billion years old. (4) Life existed on Earth four billion years ago. the the 10 During an El Ni o event, the South Equatorial Current reverses direction and flows over the top of northern portions of the Peru Current, causing (1) warmer surface ocean waters along the northeast coast of South America (2) warmer surface ocean waters along the northwest coast of South America (3) cooler surface ocean waters along the northeast coast of South America (4) cooler surface ocean waters along the northwest coast of South America P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 14 15 Valcouroceras is a New York State index fossil. Which mountain-building event occurred in New York State during the time when Valcouroceras was living in oceans covering parts of New York State? (1) Alleghenian orogeny (3) Taconian orogeny (2) Acadian orogeny (4) Grenville orogeny [3] [OVER] 19 A P-wave takes 5 minutes to travel from the epicenter of an earthquake to a seismic station. Approximately how many minutes will it take an S-wave to travel that same distance? (1) 15 min (3) 9 min (2) 12 min (4) 4 min 16 The diagram below represents some fauna (animals) found fossilized in Canada s Burgess shale. 20 Which two Earth layers are separated by the Moho boundary? (1) rigid mantle and plastic mantle (2) outer core and stiffer mantle (3) stiffer mantle and asthenosphere (4) crust and rigid mantle 21 During a rainstorm, when soil becomes saturated, the amount of infiltration (1) decreases and runoff decreases (2) decreases and runoff increases (3) increases and runoff decreases (4) increases and runoff increases (Not drawn to scale) During which geologic epoch did these animals live? (1) Middle Cambrian (3) Late Triassic (2) Early Pennsylvanian (4) Paleocene 22 Sediment is deposited as a river enters a lake because the (1) velocity of the river decreases (2) force of gravity decreases (3) volume of water increases (4) slope of the river increases 17 A group hiking in the Catskill region of New York State finds several large boulders composed of metamorphic rock. These boulders most likely resulted from the weathering of bedrock formed in the (1) Catskills, and were transported to their present location by mass movement (2) Catskills, and were transported to their present location by glaciers (3) Adirondack Mountains, and were transported to their present location by mass movement (4) Adirondack Mountains, and were transported to their present location by glaciers 23 Stream drainage patterns that develop in a landscape region are controlled mostly by (1) bedrock structure (2) precipitation amounts (3) nearness to a large body of water (4) air temperature variations 24 The most abundant metallic element by mass in Earth s crust makes up 8.23% of the crust. Which group of minerals all normally contain this metallic element in their compositions? (1) garnet, calcite, pyrite, and galena (2) biotite mica, muscovite mica, fluorite, and halite (3) talc, quartz, graphite, and olivine (4) plagioclase feldspar, amphibole, pyroxene, and potassium feldspar 18 The formation of the Canary Islands was primarily caused by their location near a (1) subduction zone (3) divergent boundary (2) mantle hot spot (4) transform fault P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 14 [4] 25 Which sequence of events affecting moist air within Earth s atmosphere causes cloud formation? (1) rising expanding cooling condensation (2) rising contracting warming evaporation (3) sinking expanding warming condensation (4) sinking contracting cooling evaporation 26 In which environment is the amount of transpiration usually the greatest? (1) (3) (2) (4) Planet s Distance from the Sun (1) P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 14 Sun s Gravitational Attraction Sun s Gravitational Attraction Sun s Gravitational Attraction Sun s Gravitational Attraction 27 Which graph best shows the general relationship between a planet s distance from the Sun and the Sun s gravitational attraction to the planet? Planet s Distance from the Sun Planet s Distance from the Sun (2) (3) [5] Planet s Distance from the Sun (4) [OVER] 28 Which diagram best represents the tilt of Earth s axis that causes the Northern Hemisphere seasons shown? (Diagrams are not drawn to scale.) N N Winter Summer N Summer Winter N N N Sun Sun N N (1) (3) N N Winter Summer N Summer Winter N N N Sun Sun N N (2) (4) 29 The map below shows a portion of Earth s system of latitude and longitude and five surface locations labeled A, B, C, D, and X. 50 N B 40 N D 30 N C 20 N 10 N A X 0 10 S 40 E 50 E 60 E 70 E 80 E 90 E 100 E 110 E 120 E It is solar noon at location X. At which location will solar noon next occur? (1) A (3) C (2) B (4) D P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 14 [6] 30 The diagram below represents the mass and volume of a mineral sample being measured. These measurements were used to determine the density of the mineral sample. Mineral sample Mineral sample 50 mL 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 mL 10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90100 g 100 0 200 300 1 3 5 2 4 6 400 7 8 500 g 9 10 g Mineral sample What is the density of this mineral sample? (1) 6 g/mL (2) 24 g/mL P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 14 (3) 34 g/mL (4) 60 g/mL [7] [OVER] 31 The map below shows changes in the position of the tsunami wave front produced by the 1964 Alaskan earthquake. The numbers indicate the time, in hours, for the wave front to reach the positions indicated by the isolines. Earthquake epicenter Asia North America 2 Hawaiian Islands 4 6 8 10 Australia 12 14 Wave front 16 N 18 If the wave front reached the Hawaiian Islands at 10:30 p.m., at approximately what time did the earthquake occur? (1) 1:30 p.m. (3) 3:30 a.m. (2) 5:30 p.m. (4) 4:30 a.m. P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 14 [8] 32 The diagram below represents the analysis of a seismogram used to calculate an earthquake s magnitude on the Richter Scale. This seismogram shows the difference in arrival times, in seconds, of the first P-wave and S-wave and the amplitude of the S-wave in millimeters. Analysis of a Seismogram 30 P-wave arrival S-wave arrival 20 10 S-wave amplitude = 23 mm 0 10 20 Difference in arrival times of the first P-wave and S-wave = 24 s The diagram below represents how the earthquake s magnitude is determined by drawing a line connecting the difference in arrival times of the P-wave and the S-wave, and the S-wave amplitude. 50 Magnitude 5 40 100 6 50 5 20 10 4 5 10 8 6 3 4 2 2 1 0.5 1 0.2 30 24 s 20 2 0.1 0 0 23 mm Earthquake Magnitude S-Wave Amplitude (mm) Difference in Arrival Times of P-Wave and S-Wave (s) What is the magnitude of a recorded earthquake if the difference in arrival times of the first P-wave and S-wave is 2 seconds and the S-wave amplitude is 20 millimeters? (1) 3.8 (3) 3.0 (2) 2.0 (4) 4.8 P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 14 [9] [OVER] 33 Which cross section best represents a plateau landscape region? Key Igneous rock (1) (3) (2) (4) 34 Lichens are usually the first organisms that appear in barren, rocky areas. They use rootlike structures to split bedrock into small fragments. Lichens also secrete acidic solutions that help break down rock. The cross sections below represent an area when lichens first appeared (time 1) and that same area hundreds of years later, after it was changed by lichens and exposed to air and water (time 2). Lichens Surface Surface Soil Limestone Quartzite Time 1 The soil shown in time 2 was formed mainly by (1) compaction and cementing (2) weathering and biological activity P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 14 Limestone Quartzite Time 2 (3) faulting and tilting of rock strata (4) mass movement and deposition of particles [10] 35 The map below shows coastal features of a portion of Long Island, New York. Point A represents a location on a landscape feature that resulted from wave action and longshore currents. und d So n a l s I Long d Islan Long Bay outh S t a Gre A Atlantic Ocean On which landscape feature is point A located? (1) moraine (2) delta P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 14 (3) barrier island (4) floodplain [11] [OVER] Part B 1 Answer all questions in this part. Directions (36 50): For each statement or question, choose the word or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question. Some questions may require the use of the 2011 Edition Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Earth Science. Record your answers on your separate answer sheet. Base your answers to questions 36 through 38 on the passage and map below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The map shows the locations of the Mt. Redoubt volcano and Anchorage, Alaska. Mt. Redoubt Volcano In Anchorage, Alaska, scientists are monitoring sensors located on nearby Mt. Redoubt. The sensors measure seismic activity at the top of the volcano. No one lives near the volcano itself, so there is no danger to humans from lava flows, but ash can be dangerous when breathed in, and can damage airplanes and automobiles if the ash is drawn into their engines. When Mt. Redoubt erupted in 1989, a huge ash cloud reached an approximate height of 7.6 miles above sea level, and spread ash across Alaska for five months. The ash was composed largely of silica, which cooled rapidly as the ash rose into the atmosphere. In March 2009, Mt. Redoubt erupted again. 170 E 180 170 W 160 W 150 W 140 W 130 W 120 W 65 N 65 N Alaska 60 N 60 N Anchorage Mt. Redoubt 55 N 55 N 180 170 W 160 W 150 W 140 W 36 Mt. Redoubt s seismic activity is due to the interaction of which two tectonic plates? (1) Pacific Plate and Eurasian Plate (3) North American Plate and Pacific Plate (2) Eurasian Plate and North American Plate (4) Philippine Plate and Eurasian Plate 37 The height of the ash cloud from the 1989 eruption reached an altitude in Earth s atmosphere located (1) between sea level and the lower troposphere (2) between the troposphere and the stratosphere (3) in the middle of the stratosphere (4) in the middle of the mesosphere P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 14 [12] 38 How did the huge ash cloud that covered Alaska in 1989 affect the amount of insolation reaching Earth s surface and the air temperatures near Earth s surface? (1) Insolation decreased and temperatures increased. (2) Insolation increased and temperatures decreased. (3) Both insolation and temperatures increased. (4) Both insolation and temperatures decreased. 39 The diagram below represents three bedrock outcrops. The layers have not been overturned. Letters A through E identify different rock layers. Fossils found in the rock layers are shown. Original rock layers A Eroded rock layers B C D E Which fossil could be classified as an index fossil? (1) P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 14 (2) (3) (4) [13] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 40 through 42 on the graph below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The graph shows the temperature, pressure, and depth environments for the formation of the three major rock types. Pressure is shown in kilobars (kb). Letters A through D identify different environmental conditions for rock formation. Environmental Conditions for Rock Formation 0 Formation of sedimentary rocks 2 A Contact metamorphism B Melting of water-saturated continental crust Regio nal m eta mo rph ism C 6 10 Melting of dry continental crust Formation of metamorphic rock 8 20 D Not found 30 Formation of magma and igneous rocks 10 Depth (km) 4 Pressure (kb) Earth s surface 0 40 12 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 Temperature ( C) 40 Which rock is most likely to form directly from rock material at a depth of 30 km and a temperature of 1000 C? (1) quartzite (3) shale (4) granite (2) scoria 41 Which letter represents the environmental conditions necessary to form gneiss? (1) A (3) C (2) B (4) D 42 At what pressure and temperature is sand most likely to be compacted into sandstone? (1) 2 kb and 150 C (3) 10 kb and 400 C (2) 6 kb and 200 C (4) 12 kb and 900 C P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 14 [14] Base your answers to questions 43 through 45 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents the inferred changes to the luminosity and color of the Sun throughout its life cycle. The diagonal dashed line represents the main sequence stars. The numbers 1 through 5 represent stages in the life cycle of the Sun. Life Cycle of the Sun 3. 10,000 Sun expands to giant size, larger than the orbit of Earth 1 0.1 rs ds yea Su ne xp an co n cts tra m Su n 10 75 thousand years Luminosity (compared to present-day Sun) 100 on Sun s outer layers blown off by violent pulsations 1,000 i l li 4. 50 0 1. 2. Sun remains for 10 billion years as a main sequence star 50 m illion yea r s Sun begins contracting from gas cloud (nebula) 0.01 5. Sun ends as a white dwarf star 0.001 Blue White Yellow Red Star Colors 43 The Sun is inferred to spend the greatest amount of time in its life cycle (1) contracting from a gas cloud (nebula) (2) as a main sequence star (3) moving away from the main sequence and becoming a giant star (4) changing from a giant star to a white dwarf star 44 The Sun is inferred to be the most luminous when it is classified as a (1) white dwarf star (3) main sequence star (2) gas cloud (nebula) (4) giant star 45 For other stars in our galaxy that go through a similar life cycle to our Sun, which star is currently in the late stage of its life cycle? (1) Alpha Centauri (3) Barnard s Star (2) Procyon B (4) Polaris P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 14 [15] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 46 through 48 on the graph below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The graph shows the tidal range (the difference between the highest tide and the lowest tide) recorded in Minas Basin, Nova Scotia, during November 2007. The phase of the Moon on selected days is shown above the graph. The dates that the Moon was farthest from Earth (apogee) and closest to Earth (perigee) are indicated under the graph. November 2007 Tidal Range Minas Basin, Nova Scotia Tide Height (m) Third quarter New Moon First quarter Full Moon 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 High tide Low tide 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 November Apogee Perigee 46 The tidal range on November 8 was approximately (1) 11 m (3) 13 m (2) 2 m (4) 15 m 47 The highest high tides and the lowest low tides occurred when the Moon was near (1) apogee and a new-Moon phase (3) perigee and a new-Moon phase (2) apogee and a full-Moon phase (4) perigee and a full-Moon phase 48 The next first-quarter Moon after November 17 occurred closest to (1) December 9 (3) December 17 (2) December 14 (4) December 24 P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 14 [16] Base your answers to questions 49 and 50 on the map below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The map shows part of the North American coastline. The present coastline is shown as a solid line. The symbols on the key below indicate the inferred coastline 18,000 years ago and an inferred future coastline if global warming continues. Atlantic Ocean Key Coastline 18,000 years ago Future coastline if global warming continues 49 Which statement best explains why 18,000 years ago the coastline was at a different location than it is today? (1) The climate of Earth was extremely hot and dry. (2) A large amount of Earth s water was stored in large continental ice sheets. (3) The east coast of North America was being subducted under the Eurasian Plate. (4) North America had just separated from Africa, and the Atlantic Ocean was forming. 50 The inferred position of the future coastline is based on the assumption that the (1) total amount of global precipitation will decrease (2) thickness of the ozone layer will decrease (3) concentration of carbon dioxide in Earth s atmosphere will increase (4) rate of uplift of the North American continent will increase P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 14 [17] [OVER] Part B 2 Answer all questions in this part. Directions (51 65): Record your answers in the spaces provided in your answer booklet. Some questions may require the use of the 2011 Edition Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Earth Science. Base your answers to questions 51 through 53 on the data table below, the map on the following page, and on your knowledge of Earth science. The data table shows the air pressure in the eye (center) and the maximum sustained wind speed around the eye of Hurricane Wilma from October 18 through October 25, 2005. The data were collected at the same time each day. The map shows the geographic locations of the eye of Hurricane Wilma from October 18 to October 25. Data of Hurricane Wilma Date Oct. 18 977 75 Oct. 19 882 173 Oct. 20 915 144 Oct. 21 930 143 Oct. 22 946 115 Oct. 23 961 98 Oct. 24 956 104 Oct. 25 P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 14 Air Pressure (mb) 970 103 [18] Wind Speed (mph) Locations of the Eye of Hurricane Wilma 90 W 85 W 80 W 75 W 70 W 40 N 65 W 40 N Oct 25 35 N 35 N 30 N 30 N Oct 24 25 N 25 N Oct 23 Oct 22 20 N Oct 21 20 N Oct 20 Oct 19 Oct 18 15 N 90 W 85 W 80 W 75 W 70 W 15 N 65 W 51 Identify the latitude and longitude of the eye of Hurricane Wilma on October 24. Label your answer with the correct units and directions. [1] 52 State the compass direction in which Hurricane Wilma moved from October 22 through October 25. [1] 53 On the graph in your answer booklet, draw a line to indicate the general relationship between air pressure in the eye of the hurricane and the wind speed around the eye of this hurricane. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 14 [19] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 54 and 55 on the data table and information below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The data table shows the radioactive decay of carbon-14 and the age of fossil remains, in years (y). Part of the table has been left blank. Data Table Number of Half-Lives Remaining Carbon-14 (%) Age of Fossil Remains (y) 0 100 0 1 50 5,700 2 25 11,400 3 12.5 4 6.25 5 3.125 54 Identify the decay product when carbon-14 undergoes radioactive disintegration. [1] 55 The carbon-14 in the fossil remains of a mastodont has undergone five half-lives of radioactive decay. Calculate the age of these fossil remains. [1] Base your answers to questions 56 through 60 on the geologic cross section of Earth s crust in your answer booklet and on your knowledge of Earth science. Letters A through F identify rock units. Letter X identifies a fault. Wavy line YZ represents an unconformity. The locations of contact metamorphism and the map symbols for sedimentary rock layers B and E have been omitted. 56 On the cross section in your answer booklet, draw two arrows, one on each side of fault X, to show the relative direction of movement of the rock units that occurred during faulting. [1] 57 Layer B is composed of clay-sized particles and layer E is composed of halite crystals. On the cross section in your answer booklet, fill in layer B and layer E on both sides of the fault with the correct sedimentary rock map symbols. [1] 58 On the cross section in your answer booklet, draw the contact metamorphism symbol to indicate all locations where contact metamorphism has occurred. [1] 59 Indicate the relative ages of geologic features B, E, F, and X, by listing the letters from oldest to most recent. [1] 60 Identify two processes that produced the unconformity. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 14 [20] Base your answers to questions 61 through 63 on the block diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents a meandering stream. Point A represents a location within the meandering stream. Arrows represent the direction of stream flow. A 61 Identify the name of the largest sediment particles that can be transported at point A when the stream s velocity is 100 cm/s. [1] 62 Describe the relative changes in the stream velocity and the rate of erosion that will occur after 2 days of heavy rainfall. [1] 63 Explain why rock particles transported by the stream often become more rounded. [1] Base your answers to questions 64 and 65 on the block diagram in your answer booklet and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents the pattern of normal and reversed magnetic polarity of the seafloor bedrock on the east side of a mid-ocean ridge center. The magnetic polarity of the bedrock on the west side of the ridge has been omitted. Arrows represent the direction of seafloor movement on either side of the ridge. 64 Complete the diagram in your answer booklet by shading the pattern of normal polarity on the west side of the ridge center. Assume the rate of plate movement was constant on both sides of the ridge center. Your answer must show the correct width and placement of each normal polarity section. [1] 65 Describe the general relationship between the distance from the ridge center and the age of the seafloor bedrock. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 14 [21] [OVER] Part C Answer all questions in this part. Directions (66 85): Record your answers in the spaces provided in your answer booklet. Some questions may require the use of the 2011 Edition Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Earth Science. Base your answers to questions 66 through 71 on the topographic map in your answer booklet and on your knowledge of Earth science. Dashed lines separate the map into sections I, II, III, and IV. Letters A through E represent locations on Earth s surface. The points in section I represent elevations in feet. 66 On the map in your answer booklet, complete the 600-ft, 700-ft, and 800-ft contour lines in section I. Extend the lines to the edge of the map. [1] 67 On the map in your answer booklet, draw a line showing the most likely path of a second creek that begins at location E and flows into Spruce Creek. [1] 68 Describe how the topography within section II is different from the topography within section IV. [1] 69 What is a possible elevation of location E? [1] 70 Calculate the gradient between locations A and B. [1] 71 On the grid in your answer booklet, construct a topographic profile along line CD by plotting the elevation of each contour line that crosses line CD. Connect all the plots with a line to complete the profile. [1] Base your answers to questions 72 through 74 on the diagram in your answer booklet and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram is a model of the sky (celestial sphere) for an observer at 50 N latitude. The Sun s apparent path on June 21 is shown. Point A is a position along the Sun s apparent path. Angular distances above the horizon are indicated. 72 On the celestial sphere diagram in your answer booklet, place an X on the Sun s apparent path on June 21 to show the Sun s position when the observer s shadow would be the longest. [1] 73 The Sun travels 45 in its apparent path between the noon position and point A. Identify the time when the Sun is at point A. Include a.m. or p.m. with your answer. [1] 74 Describe the general relationship between the length of the Sun s apparent path and the duration of daylight. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 14 [22] Base your answers to questions 75 through 77 on the diagram in your answer booklet and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents the orbits of Earth, Venus, and Mercury. Earth, Venus, and Mercury are shown with a dot on each of their orbital paths. The numbers on each orbital path indicate the planet s positions on successive days in its revolution. Point M is a position on Earth s orbit. Each season in the Northern Hemisphere on Earth is labeled. 75 On the diagram in your answer booklet, place an X on each planet s orbital path to show the positions of Earth, Venus, and Mercury on the 55th day of each planet s orbit. [1] 76 Approximately how many revolutions does Mercury make around the Sun during one Earth year? [1] 77 What latitude on Earth receives the vertical rays from the Sun when Earth is at position M? [1] Base your answers to questions 78 through 80 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents the present position of our solar system in a side view of the Milky Way Galaxy. The distance across the Milky Way Galaxy is measured in light-years. Side View of the Milky Way Galaxy Axis of rotation at center of galaxy Galaxy s plane Present position of our solar system 0 50,000 100,000 light-years 78 What is the distance, in light-years, from the center of the Milky Way Galaxy to our solar system? [1] 79 Galaxies are classified based on their shape. What is the shape of the Milky Way Galaxy when viewed from directly above? [1] 80 List the following astronomical features, in order of relative size, from smallest to largest. [1] Sun Jupiter Milky Way Galaxy Universe Our solar system P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 14 [23] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 81 through 83 on the passage, diagram of an ophiolite drill-core sample, and map below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The dot on the map represents the location where the ophiolite drill-core sample was taken. Ophiolites In some places, segments of oceanic crust, sediment, upper mantle, and rock have been heaved up by tectonic movements onto the edges of continents, where they often become part of mountains. These displaced oceanic lithosphere segments are called ophiolites. They provide an opportunity to study the composition of oceanic lithosphere and are a key feature in recognizing past tectonic plate convergence along subduction zones. Drill-core samples of ophiolites typically have the layering pattern shown in the drill-core sample below. Oregon Ophiolite Drill-Core Sample Clay with microscopic fossils Basalt Map Gabbro Serpentinite Dunite Canada Pacific Ocean Washington Oregon Peridotite Dunite Pyroxenite N (Not drawn to scale) 81 What are the approximate crystal sizes in basalt and gabbro found in the Oregon drill-core sample? [1] 82 Describe how the mineral composition of dunite is different from the mineral composition of peridotite. [1] 83 Which layer in the ophiolite drill-core sample is composed of sediments? [1] P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 14 [24] Base your answers to questions 84 and 85 on the passage and diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents a house located in New York State. Solar Heating Solar collectors in solar heating systems harness the power of the Sun to provide thermal energy for heating hot water and house interiors. There are several types of solar heating systems. The best system will depend on the geographic location and the intensity of the Sun. A solar heating system saves energy, reduces utility costs, and produces clean energy. The efficiency and reliability of solar heating systems have increased dramatically in recent years. Sun Solar collector 84 Explain why solar energy can still be collected on cloudy days. [1] 85 State one advantage of using solar energy instead of burning fossil fuels to produce thermal energy for your home. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 14 [25] P.S./EARTH SCIENCE Printed on Recycled Paper P.S./EARTH SCIENCE FOR TEACHERS ONLY The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION PS ES PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE Wednesday, January 29, 2014 1:15 to 4:15 p.m., only SCORING KEY AND RATING GUIDE Directions to the Teacher: Refer to the directions on page 2 before rating student papers. Updated information regarding the rating of this examination may be posted on the New York State Education Department s web site during the rating period. Check this web site at: http://www.p12.nysed.gov/assessment/ and select the link Scoring Information for any recently posted information regarding this examination. This site should be checked before the rating process for this examination begins and several times throughout the Regents Examination period. Part A and Part B 1 Allow 1 credit for each correct response. Part A 1 ......4...... 10 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 19 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 28 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 2 ......3...... 11 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 20 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . 29 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 3 ......4...... 12 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 21 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 30 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 4 ......3...... 13 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 22 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 31 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 5 ......1...... 14 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 23 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 32 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 6 ......1...... 15 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 24 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . 33 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 7 ......4...... 16 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 34 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 8 ......4...... 17 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . 26 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 35 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 9 ......3...... 18 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 27 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . Part B 1 36 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 40 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . 44 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . 48 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 37 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 41 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 45 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 49 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 38 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . 42 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 46 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 50 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 39 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 43 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 47 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . Directions to the Teacher Follow the procedures below for scoring student answer papers for the Regents Examination in Physical Setting/Earth Science. Additional information about scoring is provided in the publication Information Booklet for Scoring Regents Examinations in the Sciences. Do not attempt to correct the student s work by making insertions or changes of any kind. If the student s responses for the multiple-choice questions are being hand scored prior to being scanned, the scorer must be careful not to make any marks on the answer sheet except to record the scores in the designated score boxes. Marks elsewhere on the answer sheet will interfere with the accuracy of the scanning. Allow 1 credit for each correct response. At least two science teachers must participate in the scoring of the Part B 2 and Part C open-ended questions on a student s paper. Each of these teachers should be responsible for scoring a selected number of the open-ended questions on each answer paper. No one teacher is to score more than approximately one-half of the open-ended questions on a student s answer paper. Teachers may not score their own students answer papers. Students responses must be scored strictly according to the Scoring Key and Rating Guide. For open-ended questions, credit may be allowed for responses other than those given in the rating guide if the response is a scientifically accurate answer to the question and demonstrates adequate knowledge as indicated by the examples in the rating guide. On the student s separate answer sheet, for each question, record the number of credits earned and the teacher s assigned rater/scorer letter. Fractional credit is not allowed. Only whole-number credit may be given for a response. If the student gives more than one answer to a question, only the first answer should be rated. Units need not be given when the wording of the questions allows such omissions. For hand scoring, raters should enter the scores earned in the appropriate boxes printed on the separate answer sheet. Next, the rater should add these scores and enter the total in the space provided. The student s score for the Earth Science Performance Test should be recorded in the space provided. Then the student s raw scores on the written test and the performance test should be converted to a scale score by using the conversion chart that will be posted on the Department s web site at: http://www.p12.nysed.gov/assessment/ on Wednesday, January 29, 2014. The student s scale score should be entered in the box labeled Scale Score on the student s answer sheet. The scale score is the student s final examination score. Schools are not permitted to rescore any of the open-ended questions on this exam after each question has been rated once, regardless of the final exam score. Schools are required to ensure that the raw scores have been added correctly and that the resulting scale score has been determined accurately. Because scale scores corresponding to raw scores in the conversion chart may change from one administration to another, it is crucial that, for each administration, the conversion chart provided for that administration be used to determine the student s final score. P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Jan. 14 [2] Part B 2 Allow a maximum of 15 credits for this part. 51 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Latitude: 27 N 27 degrees North Longitude: 80 W eighty west 52 [1] Allow 1 credit for NE or northeast or northeastward or for indicating slightly east of northeast. 53 [1] Allow 1 credit for a line showing that, generally, as air pressure increases, wind speed decreases. Air Pressure Wind Speed Wind Speed Wind Speed Examples of 1-credit responses: Air Pressure Air Pressure 54 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: 14N nitrogen-14/N-14 nitrogen/N 55 [1] Allow 1 credit for 28,500 y. 56 [1] Allow 1 credit if two arrows are correctly drawn approximately parallel to the fault, showing the relative motion, as shown. Note: Allow credit even if the arrows extend through rock F. Do not allow credit for any arrow in layer A, only. P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Jan. 14 [3] 57 [1] Allow 1 credit if the symbols drawn are generally similar to those on the Earth Science Reference Tables for shale in most of layer B and for rock salt in most of layer E. The symbols must be drawn on both sides of the fault, as shown. Note: Allow credit even if the symbols for shale and rock salt are not parallel to the other rock layers shown. 58 [1] Allow 1 credit for the contact metamorphism symbol drawn on only the two sides of F, as shown below. Example of a 3-credit response for questions 56, 57, and 58: A Y B X Z B C C F C D D E E Key Contact metamorphism Andesite 59 [1] Allow 1 credit for the sequence shown below. E (rock salt) ____________ Oldest B (shale) ____________ X (fault) ____________ F (andesite) ____________ Most recent Note: If more than these four letters are used, all letters used must be in the correct sequence, e.g., E, D, C, B, X, F, YZ, A. 60 [1] Allow 1 credit for two acceptable processes. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: uplift weathering erosion submergence/subsidence deposition P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Jan. 14 [4] 61 [1] Allow 1 credit for pebbles. 62 [1] Allow 1 credit if the relative changes in both the stream velocity and rate of erosion are correctly described. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Stream velocity: increases gets faster becomes greater Rate of erosion: increases There is more erosion. 63 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: abrasion/friction between the particles bouncing and rolling along the stream bottom Particle collision breaks off pieces. Particles are weathered. Note: Do not allow water erosion alone because transported by the stream is part of the question. Do not allow rounding by water alone because water alone does not produce rounding. P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Jan. 14 [5] 64 [1] Allow 1 credit if the width and placement of the shading have been correctly indicated on either the surface and/or the side view. Example of a 1-credit response: 75 Mid-ocean ridge center 25 25 50 75 50 25 0 50 25 75 50 Distance (km) West East 65 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: As distance from the ridge increases, the age of the bedrock increases. the farther away from the ridge, the older the age of the bedrock The youngest bedrock is near the ridge center. direct relationship Bedrock nearer the continents is older than bedrock nearer the ridge. P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Jan. 14 [6] 75 Part C 66 [1] Allow 1 credit if all three contour lines are drawn correctly. If additional contour lines are drawn, all must be correct to receive credit. Note: All three contour lines must extend to the edge of the map to receive credit. 67 [1] Allow 1 credit for a line starting at location E, ending at Spruce Creek, and within the white region shown below. Note: It is recommended that an overlay of the same scale as the student answer booklet be used to ensure reliability in rating. Example of a 2-credit response for questions 66 and 67: 800 600 800 I 700 550 500 700 II 700 750 650 500 850 100 0 B D Creek 10 00 C IV 15 00 Spruc e III A 1500 E N Contour interval = 100 feet 0 P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Jan. 14 0.5 1.0 [7] 1.5 2.0 miles 68 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: has a gentler gradient It is flatter. Section II is lower in elevation. Section IV is steeper. 69 [1] Allow 1 credit for any value greater than 1400 ft but less than 1500 ft. 70 [1] Allow 1 credit for any value from 323 ft/mi to 345 ft/mi. 71 [1] Allow 1 credit if all five plots are within the circles shown below and are correctly connected with a line that passes within each circle. The line should extend below 500 ft but above 400 ft in the creek valley. Note: It is recommended that an overlay of the same scale as the student answer booklet be used to ensure reliability in rating. Profile Along Line CD 900 Elevation (ft) 800 700 600 500 400 300 C P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Jan. 14 D Distance (mi) [8] 72 [1] Allow 1 credit if the center of an X is within either clear box shown below. Sun s noon position 60 70 90 80 80 50 10 0 2 30 30 40 A 40 10 20 60 50 0 West 0 South 70 North Observer Horizon Sun s apparent path on June 21 East Note: It is recommended that an overlay of the same scale as the student answer booklet be used to ensure reliability in rating. Allow credit if a symbol other than an X is used. If more than one X is used, both must be correct to earn credit. 73 [1] Allow 1 credit for 3 p.m. or 3:00 p.m. Note: Allow credit if the p.m. lacks periods. 74 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: the longer the Sun s path, the longer the duration of daylight The shorter the Sun s path, the shorter the daylight will be. direct relationship P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Jan. 14 [9] 75 [1] Allow 1 credit if the centers of all three Xs are within the circles shown below. Note: Do not allow credit if more than one X is placed on any orbit. Allow credit even if a symbol other than an X is used. It is recommended that an overlay of the same scale as the student answer booklet be used to ensure reliability in rating. December 21 Earth 350 0 360 340 10 W in te r 40 30 330 Venus 20 0 10 Fa 32 0 220 20 21 0 ll 31 0 60 50 10 70 15 20 70 80 35 0 11 40 er 13 0 110 120 0 21 14 0 0 20 190 180 170 160 150 76 [1] Allow 1 credit for any value from 4 revolutions to 4.2 revolutions. 77 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: 0 equator Note: Allow credit even if the student wrote 0 N or 0 S. [10] m 100 130 0 12 90 0 14 (Not drawn to scale) Su m 60 30 45 80 90 25 50 100 260 240 23 0 22 0 June 21 P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Jan. 14 250 15 0 g 160 55 rin 170 60 Sp 270 Sun September 23 180 75 5 65 M 280 80 5 0 8 70 March 21 y cur Mer 290 0 19 40 50 0 30 0 20 30 78 [1] Allow 1 credit for any value from 25,000 light-years to 35,000 light-years. 79 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: a spiral galaxy a dense center of stars with spiral arms pinwheel-shaped 80 [1] Allow 1 credit if all five astronomical features are listed in the correct order as shown below. Smallest Jupiter Sun Our solar system Milky Way Galaxy Largest Universe 81 [1] Allow 1 credit if both responses are correct. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Basalt: less than 1 mm or any value less than 1 mm Gabbro: 1 mm to 10 mm or any value from 1 mm to 10 mm 82 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Dunite is more mafic. It is more mafic. Dunite does not contain pyroxene. Dunite contains only olivine, while peridotite contains pyroxene and olivine. Peridotite has calcium, aluminum, and sodium. 83 [1] Allow 1 credit for clay or clay with microscopic fossils or top layer. 84 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Clouds only reflect some of the Sun s energy back into space. Some radiation still gets through to Earth s surface. 85 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: saves energy reduce utility costs produces clean energy A renewable source of energy has less effect on the environment. less pollution/CO2 emissions/reduced carbon footprint/less global warming conservation of fossil fuels Solar energy is renewable. P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Jan. 14 [11] Regents Examination in Physical Setting/Earth Science January 2014 Chart for Converting Total Test Raw Scores to Final Examination Scores (Scale Scores) The Chart for Determining the Final Examination Score for the January 2014 Regents Examination in Physical Setting/Earth Science will be posted on the Department s web site at: http://www.p12.nysed.gov/assessment/ on Wednesday, January 29, 2014. Conversion charts provided for previous administrations of the Regents Examination in Physical Setting/Earth Science must NOT be used to determine students final scores for this administration. Online Submission of Teacher Evaluations of the Test to the Department Suggestions and feedback from teachers provide an important contribution to the test development process. The Department provides an online evaluation form for State assessments. It contains spaces for teachers to respond to several specific questions and to make suggestions. Instructions for completing the evaluation form are as follows: 1. Go to http://www.forms2.nysed.gov/emsc/osa/exameval/reexameval.cfm. 2. Select the test title. 3. Complete the required demographic fields. 4. Complete each evaluation question and provide comments in the space provided. 5. Click the SUBMIT button at the bottom of the page to submit the completed form. P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Jan. 14 [12] Map to Core Curriculum January 2014 Physical Setting/Earth Science Key Ideas/Performance Indicators Math Key Idea 1 Math Key Idea 2 Math Key Idea 3 Science Inquiry Key Idea 1 Science Inquiry Key Idea 2 Science Inquiry Key Idea 3 Question Numbers Part A Part B Standard 1 8, 30 55 46, 61 74 6, 21 84 16, 19, 20, 24 Part C 36, 37, 38, 45, 82 47, 49, 50, 53, 54 Engineering Design Key Idea 1 Standard 2 Key Idea 1 Key Idea 2 Key Idea 3 Key Idea 1 Key Idea 2 Key Idea 3 Key Idea 4 Key Idea 5 Key Idea 6 32 Standard 6 5, 13 1, 7, 9, 16, 17, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 60, 63 36, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 64, 65 72, 84 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 81, 82, 83 80 27 48, 55, 64 72, 73 71, 85 39, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 60 36, 37, 38, 50, 52, 53, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 73, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80 Standard 7 Key Idea 1 Key Idea 2 Key Idea 1 Key Idea 2 Key Idea 3 ESRT 2011 Edition (Revised) P.S./E. Sci. Rating Guide Jan. 14 Standard 4 1, 2, 3, 13, 14, 15, 16, 21, 26, 27, 28, 29 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 25, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 24, 30 40, 41, 42, 57 Reference Tables 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 36, 37, 40, 41, 13, 15, 16, 17, 54, 55, 57, 61 18, 19, 20, 24, 30, 33 [13] 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 74, 84, 85 81, 82, 83 70, 76, 80, 81, 82

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