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New York Regents Earth Science January 2007

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PS/EARTH SCIENCE The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION PHYSICAL SETTING EARTH SCIENCE Wednesday, January 24, 2007 9:15 a.m. to 12:15 p.m., only This is a test of your knowledge of Earth science. Use that knowledge to answer all questions in this examination. Some questions may require the use of the Earth Science Reference Tables. The Earth Science Reference Tables are supplied separately. Be certain you have a copy of the 2001 edition of these reference tables before you begin the examination. Your answer sheet for Part A and Part B 1 is the last page of this examination booklet. Turn to the last page and fold it along the perforations. Then, slowly and carefully, tear off your answer sheet and fill in the heading. The answers to the questions in Part B 2 and Part C are to be written in your separate answer booklet. Be sure to fill in the heading on the front of your answer booklet. You are to answer all questions in all parts of this examination according to the directions provided in the examination booklet. Record your answers to the Part A and Part B 1 multiple-choice questions on your separate answer sheet. Write your answers to the Part B 2 and Part C questions in your answer booklet. All work should be written in pen, except for graphs and drawings, which should be done in pencil. You may use scrap paper to work out the answers to the questions, but be sure to record all your answers on your separate answer sheet and in your answer booklet. When you have completed the examination, you must sign the statement printed at the end of your separate answer sheet, indicating that you had no unlawful knowledge of the questions or answers prior to the examination and that you have neither given nor received assistance in answering any of the questions during the examination. Your answer sheet and answer booklet cannot be accepted if you fail to sign this declaration. Notice. . . A four-function or scientific calculator and a copy of the 2001 Earth Science Reference Tables must be available for you to use while taking this examination. The use of any communications device is strictly prohibited when taking this examination. If you use any communications device, no matter how briefly, your examination will be invalidated and no score will be calculated for you. DO NOT OPEN THIS EXAMINATION BOOKLET UNTIL THE SIGNAL IS GIVEN. PS/EARTH SCIENCE Part A Answer all questions in this part. Directions (1 35): For each statement or question, write on your separate answer sheet the number of the word or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question. Some questions may require the use of the Earth Science Reference Tables. 4 The diagram below shows the equipment used to demonstrate a Foucault pendulum. 1 Which object in our solar system has the greatest density? (1) Jupiter (3) the Moon (2) Earth (4) the Sun Stick 2 Which sequence of Moon phases could be observed from Earth during a 2-week period? Pail Weight Key Full Moon phase New Moon phase Stool (1) (2) In the demonstration, a student swings the weight hanging in the pail and then spins the stool. The stool represents (1) the revolving Earth (2) the rotating Earth (3) the Coriolis effect (4) convection currents (3) (4) 5 If Earth s axis were tilted less than 23.5 , which seasonal average temperature change would occur in New York State? (1) Spring and fall would be cooler. (2) Spring and fall would be warmer. (3) Winter would be cooler. (4) Summer would be cooler. 3 What is the main reason that the gravitational attraction between Earth and the Moon changes each day? (1) Earth s axis is tilted at 23.5 . (2) Earth s rotational speed varies with the seasons. (3) The Moon has an elliptical orbit. (4) The Moon has a spherical shape. P.S./E. Sci. Jan 07 [2] 11 The geologic cross section below shows an unconformity in New York State bedrock layers that have not been overturned. Index fossils found throughout some rock layers are shown. 6 Which list shows stars in order of increasing temperature? (1) Barnard s Star, Polaris, Sirius, Rigel (2) Aldebaran, the Sun, Rigel, Procyon B (3) Rigel, Polaris, Aldebaran, Barnard s Star (4) Procyon B, Alpha Centauri, Polaris, Betelgeuse 7 Which group of organisms is inferred to have existed for the least amount of time in geologic history? (1) trilobites (3) eurypterids (2) dinosaurs (4) placoderm fish Unconformity 8 Which weather variable can be determined by using a psychrometer? (1) barometric pressure (2) cloud cover (3) relative humidity (4) wind speed (Not drawn to scale) Which New York State index fossil may have been present in a rock layer that is missing due to the unconformity? 9 The cross section below shows sedimentary bedrock layers A, B, C, and D exposed at Earth s surface. Condor Lichenaria (1) (3) Bothriolepis Maclurites (2) (4) A B C D 12 Most scientists believe the Milky Way Galaxy is (1) spherical in shape (2) 4.6 billion years old (3) composed of stars revolving around Earth (4) one of billions of galaxies in the universe Which layer appears to be the least resistant to weathering? (1) A (3) C (2) B (4) D 10 Which rock was organically formed and sometimes contains fossilized plant impressions? (1) rock gypsum (3) breccia (2) phyllite (4) coal P.S./E. Sci. Jan 07 [3] [OVER] 13 The diagram below shows the apparent daily path of the Sun, as viewed by an observer at a certain latitude on three different days of the year. June 21 March 21 Dec 21 West Sunset Observer South East North Sunrise At which latitude were these apparent Sun paths most likely observed? (1) 0 (3) 43 N (2) 23.5 N (4) 66.5 N 14 Which map best represents the surface wind pattern associated with high-pressure and low-pressure systems in the Northern Hemisphere? (1) (3) Low pressure High pressure Low pressure High pressure (2) P.S./E. Sci. Jan 07 Low pressure High pressure Low pressure High pressure (4) [4] 15 The models below represent the decay of radioactive atoms to stable atoms after their first and second half-lives. Original sample of undecayed atoms Atoms after one half-life Atoms after two half-lives Key Undecayed radioactive atom Decayed atom (stable end product) Which model best represents the number of undecayed and decayed atoms after three half-lives? (1) (2) (3) 18 The mineral graphite is often used as (1) a lubricant (2) an abrasive (3) a source of iron (4) a cementing material 16 Which sediment size would allow water to flow through at the fastest rate? (1) clay (3) sand (2) silt (4) pebbles 17 Large oceans moderate the climatic temperatures of surrounding coastal land areas because the temperature of ocean water changes (1) rapidly, due to water s low specific heat (2) rapidly, due to water s high specific heat (3) slowly, due to water s low specific heat (4) slowly, due to water s high specific heat P.S./E. Sci. Jan 07 (4) 19 In which Earth layer are most convection currents that cause seafloor spreading thought to be located? (1) crust (3) outer core (2) asthenosphere (4) inner core [5] [OVER] 24 Which agent of erosion is mainly responsible for the formation of the depressions occupied by both the kettle lakes and finger lakes found in New York State? (1) wind (3) streams (2) waves (4) glaciers 20 Which weather map symbol represents air masses that normally form just south of the United States over the Caribbean Sea? (1) cP (3) mP (2) cT (4) mT 21 An earthquake s magnitude can be determined by (1) analyzing the seismic waves recorded by a seismograph (2) calculating the depth of the earthquake faulting (3) calculating the time the earthquake occurred (4) comparing the speed of P-waves and S-waves 25 The map below shows the boundary between two air masses. The arrows show the direction in which the boundary is moving. cP 22 A seismic station is recording the seismic waves produced by an earthquake that occurred 4200 kilometers away. Approximately how long after the arrival of the first P-wave will the first S-wave arrive? (1) 1 min 05 sec (3) 7 min 20 sec (2) 5 min 50 sec (4) 13 min 10 sec mT Which weather map uses the correct weather front symbol to illustrate this information? 23 The diagram below shows a section of a meander in a stream. The arrows show the direction of stream flow. cP mT cP mT (1) (3) cP cP mT (2) The streambank on the outside of this meander is steeper than the streambank on the inside of this meander because the water on the outside of this meander is moving (1) slower, causing deposition (2) faster, causing deposition (3) slower, causing erosion (4) faster, causing erosion P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 07 mT (4) 26 If a low-pressure system follows a typical storm track across New York State, it will move toward the (1) southeast (3) northeast (2) southwest (4) northwest [6] 27 The map below shows the average number of thunderstorms during the year in the continental United States. Average Number of Thunderstorms Each Year 5 10 20 20 30 40 20 30 40 50 40 50 5 60 40 60 10 20 50 40 30 70 60 50 60 70 80 90 80 70 Which New York State landscape region normally experiences the most thunderstorms? (1) Allegheny Plateau (3) Adirondack Mountains (2) Taconic Mountains (4) Champlain Lowlands 29 The cross section below shows a profile of a sediment deposit. 28 The arrows in the cross section below show the prevailing winds moving across northern New York State into Vermont during the summer. Lake Champlain B (Drawn to scale) A New York The pattern of sediment size shown indicates that these sediments were most likely deposited within a (1) landslide (3) moraine (2) drumlin (4) delta Vermont (Not drawn to scale) Compared to the climate of location A, the climate of location B is (1) warmer and wetter (3) cooler and wetter (2) warmer and drier (4) cooler and drier P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 07 [7] [OVER] 30 Which graph best shows the inferred density of Earth s interior as depth increases from the upper mantle to the lower mantle? 7 Density (g/cm3) Density (g/cm3) 7 6 5 4 3 Upper mantle 6 5 4 3 Upper mantle Lower mantle Lower mantle Depth Below Surface Depth Below Surface (1) (3) 7 Density (g/cm3) Density (g/cm3) 7 6 5 4 3 Upper mantle 6 5 4 3 Upper mantle Lower mantle Lower mantle Depth Below Surface Depth Below Surface (2) (4) 33 In which diagram is the observer experiencing the greatest intensity of insolation? 31 The Catskills landscape region is classified as a plateau primarily because the region has (1) V-shaped valleys (2) jagged hilltops (3) horizontal bedrock structure (4) folded metamorphic rock Sun Sun 40 32 London, England, is located at approximately 51 30' north latitude and 0 longitude. Elmira, New York, is located at approximately 42 10' north latitude and 76 54' west longitude. What is one reason why London has a warmer average winter temperature than Elmira? (1) London is located closer to the equator. (2) London is located at a higher elevation. (3) London s climate is modified by the North Atlantic Ocean Current. (4) London s climate is modified by its longer duration of insolation. P.S./E. Sci. Jan 07 Observer (1) 22 Observer (3) Sun Sun 31 Observer (2) [8] 54 Observer (4) Tre nch 34 The block diagram below shows a tectonic plate boundary. Points A and B represent locations on Earth s surface. B A Oceanic crust Continental crust Rigid mantle Rigid mantle Asthenosphere (Not drawn to scale) Which graph best shows the depths of most major earthquakes whose epicenters lie between A and B? Earth s Surface B A Depth (km) Depth (km) Earth s Surface A B (1) (3) Earth s Surface A B Depth (km) Depth (km) Earth s Surface A B (4) (2) P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 07 [9] [OVER] 35 The map below shows a stream drainage pattern. Arrows show the direction of stream flow. On which landscape region did this drainage pattern most likely develop? (1) (2) P.S./E. Sci. Jan 07 (3) (4) [10] Part B 1 Answer all questions in this part. Directions (36 50): For each statement or question, write on your separate answer sheet the number of the word or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question. Some questions may require the use of the Earth Science Reference Tables. Base your answers to questions 36 through 38 on the geologic cross section below in which overturning has not occurred. Letters A through H represent rock layers. A B H C D E F G 36 Which sequence of events most likely caused the unconformity shown at the bottom of rock layer B? (1) folding uplift erosion deposition (2) intrusion erosion folding uplift (3) erosion folding deposition intrusion (4) deposition uplift erosion folding 37 The folding of rock layers G through C was most likely caused by (1) erosion of overlying sediments (3) the collision of lithospheric plates (2) contact metamorphism (4) the extrusion of igneous rock 38 Which two letters represent bedrock of the same age? (1) A and E (3) F and G (2) B and D (4) D and H P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 07 [11] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 39 and 40 on the two graphs below, which show the relationship between the amount of rainfall during a storm and the amount of discharge into a nearby stream. Letter A represents the time when approximately 50% of the precipitation from the storm has fallen. Letter B represents the time when peak runoff from the storm is flowing into the stream. The delay is the difference in time between letters A and B on the graph. Graph I shows data before urbanization in an area. Graph II shows data after urbanization in the same area. Graph I: Precipitation and Stream Discharge Before Urbanization Graph II: Precipitation and Stream Discharge After Urbanization B Stream discharge Precipitation A Amount of Water Amount of Water B Delay Precipitation Stream discharge A Delay Time Time 39 The delay time between points A and B on both graphs is due mainly to the time needed for (1) groundwater to evaporate (2) precipitation water to move into the streams (3) green plants to absorb precipitation (4) rainfall rate to decrease 40 How did urbanization affect delay time between points A and B and the maximum stream discharge? (1) The delay time decreased, and the maximum discharge decreased. (2) The delay time decreased, and the maximum discharge increased. (3) The delay time increased, and the maximum discharge decreased. (4) The delay time increased, and the maximum discharge increased. P.S./E. Sci. Jan 07 [12] Base your answers to questions 41 through 43 on the map below. The map shows some regions where metamorphic bedrock of the Grenville Province in northeastern North America is exposed at Earth s surface. 50 Canada Grenville Province 45 Lake Huron o ake Ontari Atlantic Ocean L Lake Erie 80 New York State Key Mostly gneiss, schist, or marble Anorthosite 70 75 41 The bedrock of the Grenville Province is generally thought to have formed approximately (1) 250 million years ago (3) 560 million years ago (2) 400 million years ago (4) 1100 million years ago 42 Which New York State location has surface bedrock that consists mainly of anorthositic rock? (1) Old Forge (3) Mt. Marcy (2) Massena (4) Utica 43 Which location has surface bedrock that consists mostly of gneiss, schist, or marble? (1) 43 N 81 W (3) 47 N 69 W (2) 46 N 78 W (4) 49 N 71 W P.S./E. Sci. Jan 07 [13] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 44 through 46 on the map below. The L represents Mt. Hekla, a volcano in Iceland. The isolines represent the thickness of ash, in centimeters, that settled on Earth s surface after a volcanic eruption of Mt. Hekla on March 29, 1947. Point X is a location on the surface of the ash. 20 30 4 0 60 100 Mt. Hekla X 10 Iceland 5 1 Atlantic Ocean N 44 At the time of the eruption, the wind direction was primarily from the (1) east (3) north (2) west (4) south 45 How many centimeters thick was the ash beneath point X? (1) 0 (3) 20 (2) 15 (4) 25 46 In addition to the ash, solid rock formed on Mt. Hekla from the lava extruded during this eruption. This rock is most likely (1) light-colored metamorphic (3) fine-grained igneous (2) dark-colored metamorphic (4) coarse-grained igneous P.S./E. Sci. Jan 07 [14] 300 290 80 300 2 330 B 300 300 C 31 0 300 300 290 30 0 A 280 28 0 Base your answers to questions 47 and 48 on the topographic maps and block diagrams of two landscape regions shown below. The block diagrams show a three-dimensional view of the topographic maps directly above them. Elevations are measured in feet. Points A, B, C, and D are locations on Earth s surface. D D A C B Landscape 1 Landscape 2 47 Which contour interval is used on both topographic maps? (1) 10 ft (3) 30 ft (2) 20 ft (4) 40 ft 290 300 330 0 30 300 0 D C 28 0 30 0 28 0 330 0 31 300 (2) P.S./E. Sci. Jan 07 D (3) 300 290 300 330 0 30 290 (1) C 300 31 0 D 28 0 300 C 31 290 330 300 31 0 0 30 C 28 0 48 A stream begins to flow downhill from point D toward the depression. After a period of time, the depression fills with water. Overflowing water from the depression moves downhill toward point C. Which topographic map shows the most likely resulting change in the contour lines? D (4) [15] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 49 and 50 on the cross section below, which represents part of Earth s water cycle. Letters A, B, C, and D represent processes that occur during the cycle. The level of the water table and the extent of the zone of saturation are shown. Cloud D C A B A Fog Earth s su A Soil D rf a ce Water table Zone of saturation Lake Ocean Impermeable bedrock 49 Which two letters represent processes in the water cycle that usually cause a lowering of the water table? (1) A and B (3) B and D (2) A and C (4) C and D 50 What are two water cycle processes not represented by arrows in this cross section? (1) transpiration and condensation (3) precipitation and freezing (2) evaporation and melting (4) runoff and infiltration P.S./E. Sci. Jan 07 [16] Part B 2 Answer all questions in this part. Directions (51 63): Record your answers in the spaces provided in your answer booklet. Some questions may require the use of the Earth Science Reference Tables. 51 The diagram below shows conditions that commonly cause fog to form over land in coastal areas. Lighthouse 15 knots Fog Warm, moist air from the southeast Cold land surface A weather station at the lighthouse records a temperature of 36 F and an air pressure of 1016.4 mb. Using the proper weather map symbols, place the following information in the correct positions on the weather station model in your answer booklet. [2] P.S./E. Sci. Jan 07 Present weather Dewpoint Air pressure Wind direction Wind speed [17] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 52 and 53 on the cross section below, which represents part of the Atlantic Ocean seafloor. An earthquake occurred on November 18, 1929, triggering an underwater sediment flow. The location of the epicenter is labeled. Letters A through D indicate locations on the seafloor. Time, in hours, at each lettered location represents the arrival of the sediment flow after the earthquake. North 0 South 0 Sea level Shelf Atlantic Ocean A 10,000 l 15,000 10,000 1 hour 3 hours Depth (ft) 5,000 Epicenter 0 hour nta ne nti e Co slop Depth (ft) 5,000 13 hours B 15,000 C D Deep seafloor 20,000 0 20,000 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Distance from Shore (miles) 52 Calculate the gradient of the ocean floor between locations A and D and label your answer with the correct units. [2] 53 Explain why the velocity of the sediment flow created by the earthquake decreased as the sediment moved from location B to location C. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Jan 07 [18] Base your answers to questions 54 through 56 on the data table below, which shows some characteristics of four rock samples, numbered 1 through 4. Some information has been left blank. All answers must be recorded in your answer booklet. Data Table Rock Sample Number Composition 1 mostly clay minerals 2 all mica 3 mica, quartz, feldspar, amphibole, garnet, medium to coarse pyroxene 4 potassium feldspar, quartz, biotite, plagioclase feldspar, amphibole Grain Size Texture clastic microscopic, fine Rock Name shale foliated with mineral alignment foliated with banding 5 mm gneiss granite 54 State a possible grain size, in centimeters, for most of the particles found in sample 1. [1] 55 Write the rock name of sample 2. [1] 56 Write a term or phrase that correctly describes the texture of sample 4. [1] Base your answers to questions 57 through 60 on the diagram in your answer booklet, which shows Earth as seen from above the North Pole. The curved arrows show the direction of Earth s motion. The shaded portion represents the nighttime side of Earth. Some of the latitude and longitude lines have been labeled. Points A and B represent locations on Earth s surface. 57 On the diagram in your answer booklet, draw a curved arrow, starting at point B, showing the general direction that planetary surface winds flow between 30 N and 60 N latitude. [1] 58 If it is 4:00 p.m. at point B, what is the time at point A? [1] 59 Identify one possible date that is represented by the diagram. [1] 60 Explain why the angle of insolation at solar noon is greater at point B than at point A. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Jan 07 [19] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 61 through 63 on the cross section in your answer booklet. The cross section shows a portion of Earth s crust. Letters A, B, C, and D represent rock units that have not been overturned. 61 On the cross section in your answer booklet, place an X where the metamorphic rock quartzite may be found. [1] 62 Identify by name the most abundant mineral in rock unit A. [1] 63 State one piece of evidence shown in the cross section that indicates that rock unit D is older than igneous intrusion C. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 07 [20] Part C Answer all questions in this part. Directions (64 82): Record your answers in the spaces provided in your answer booklet. Some questions may require the use of the Earth Science Reference Tables. Base your answers to questions 64 and 65 on the data table below, which shows the azimuths of sunrise and sunset on August 2 observed at four different latitudes. Azimuth is the compass direction measured, in degrees, along the horizon, starting from north. Data Table Latitude 30 N 40 N 50 N 60 N Azimuths of Sunrise and Sunset Letter Code sunrise 69 A sunset 291 B sunrise 66 C sunset 294 D sunrise 61 E sunset 299 F sunrise 51 G sunset 309 H 64 On the outer edge of the azimuth circle in your answer booklet, mark with an X the positions of sunrise and sunset for each latitude shown in the data table. Write the correct letter code beside each X. The positions of sunrise and sunset for 30 N have been plotted and labeled with letters A and B. [2] 65 State the relationship at sunrise between the latitude and the azimuth. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Jan 07 [21] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 66 through 69 on the graph below, which shows two conditions responsible for the formation and composition of some planets in our solar system. The distances of Earth and Neptune from the Sun, in astronomical units (AU), are shown beneath the horizontal axis. (1 AU = 149.6 million kilometers). The plotted line on this graph shows the relationship between a planet s distance from the Sun and the inferred temperature at its formation. The regions within the graph indicate the composition of planets formed within these zones. Temperature That Existed When Some Planets Formed (K) Main Composition of Planets Aluminum oxide 1,500 Iron 1,000 Silicates 500 Carbon-rich silicates Frozen gases 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Neptune Earth Distance from the Sun (AU)* * 1 AU equals the average distance from Earth to the Sun or 149.6 million kilometers. 66 According to the graph, Neptune was mainly composed of which material at the time of its formation? [1] 67 Saturn is located 9.5 AU from the Sun. State the approximate temperature at which Saturn formed. [1] 68 State the relationship between a planet s distance from the Sun and the temperature at which that planet formed. [1] 69 What is Jupiter s distance from the Sun, in astronomical units? Express your answer to the nearest tenth. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Jan 07 [22] Base your answers to questions 70 through 72 on the diagram below, which shows the temperature change when a parcel of air warms, rises, and expands to form a cloud. Location A is at the base of the cloud. Cloud Formation 3350 feet 1350 feet A 54.5 F Parcels of air 350 feet 60.0 F 70 Explain why the warmer air rises. [1] 71 Assume the cooling rate of the rising parcel of air is constant. Determine the temperature of the air parcel at the 3350-foot altitude. Express your answer to the nearest tenth of a degree. [1] 72 State the relative humidity of the air at location A. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Jan 07 [23] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 73 through 76 on the map and block diagram below. The map shows the location of North Island in New Zealand. The block diagram shows a portion of North Island. The Hikurangi Trench is shown forming at the edge of the Pacific Plate. Point X is at the boundary between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere. Block Diagram Map H North Island Australia Mt. Ruapehu North Island New Zealand Lithosphere X N Asthenosphere Pacific Plate ch en Tr gi an ur ik White Island L p he os ith re Asthenosphere (Not drawn to scale) 73 State the approximate temperature at point X. [1] 74 On what tectonic plate are both North Island and White Island located? [1] 75 Describe the type of tectonic plate motion that formed the Hikurangi Trench. [1] 76 Describe one action that people on North Island should take if a tsunami warning is issued. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Jan 07 [24] Base your answers to questions 77 through 79 on the data table below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The data table shows the average monthly discharge, in cubic feet per second, for a stream in New York State. Data Table Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Discharge (ft3/sec) 48 52 59 66 62 70 72 59 55 42 47 53 77 On the grid in your answer booklet, plot with an X the average stream discharge for each month shown in the data table. Connect the Xs with a line. [1] 78 State the relationship between this stream s discharge and the amount of suspended sediment that can be carried by this stream. [1] 79 Explain one possible reason why this stream s discharge in April is usually greater than this stream s discharge in January. [1] Base your answers to questions 80 through 82 on the passage below and on your knowledge of Earth science. Ozone in Earth s Atmosphere Ozone is a special form of oxygen. Unlike the oxygen we breathe, which is composed of two atoms of oxygen, ozone is composed of three atoms of oxygen. A concentrated ozone layer between 10 and 30 miles above Earth s surface absorbs some of the harmful ultraviolet radiation coming from the Sun. The amount of ultraviolet light reaching Earth s surface is directly related to the angle of incoming solar radiation. The greater the Sun s angle of insolation, the greater the amount of ultraviolet light that reaches Earth s surface. If the ozone layer were completely destroyed, the ultraviolet light reaching Earth s surface would most likely increase human health problems, such as skin cancer and eye damage. 80 State the name of the temperature zone of Earth s atmosphere where the concentrated layer of ozone gas exists. [1] 81 Explain how the concentrated ozone layer above Earth s surface is beneficial to humans. [1] 82 Assuming clear atmospheric conditions, on what day of the year do people in New York State most likely receive the most ultraviolet radiation from the Sun? [1] P.S./E. Sci. Jan 07 [25] The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION PHYSICAL SETTING Tear Here EARTH SCIENCE Wednesday, January 24, 2007 9:15 a.m. to 12:15 p.m., only ANSWER SHEET I Male I Female Grade . . . . . . . . . . . . Student . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sex: Teacher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Record your answers to Part A and Part B 1 on this answer sheet. Part B 1 Part A 1 ............ 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . . . . . . 36 . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 ............ 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 . . . . . . . . . . . 37 . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 ............ 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 . . . . . . . . . . . 38 . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 ............ 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 . . . . . . . . . . . 39 . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 ............ 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 . . . . . . . . . . . 40 . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 ............ 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 . . . . . . . . . . . 41 . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 ............ 19 . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 . . . . . . . . . . . 42 . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 ............ 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 . . . . . . . . . . . 43 . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 ............ 21 . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 . . . . . . . . . . . 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 . . . . . . . . . . . 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 . . . . . . . . . . . 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 . . . . . . . . . . . . Part B 1 Score Part A Score Write your answers to Part B 2 and Part C in your answer booklet. Tear Here The declaration below should be signed when you have completed the examination. I do hereby affirm, at the close of this examination, that I had no unlawful knowledge of the questions or answers prior to the examination and that I have neither given nor received assistance in answering any of the questions during the examination. Signature PS/EARTH SCIENCE Tear Here Tear Here PS/EARTH SCIENCE The University of the State of New York Performance Test Score (Maximum Score: 23) REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION PHYSICAL SETTING EARTH SCIENCE A Wednesday, January 24, 2007 9:15 a.m. to 12:15 p.m., only ANSWER BOOKLET I Male Student . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sex: I Female Teacher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maximum Score Part Grade . . . . . . . . . Answer all questions in Part B 2 and Part C. Record your answers in this booklet. 35 B 1 15 B 2 15 C Student s Score 20 Total Written Test Score (Maximum Raw Score: 85) Final Score (from conversion chart) Raters Initials: Rater 1 . . . . . . . . . . Rater 2 . . . . . . . . . . Part B 2 For Raters Only 51 36 51 52 Gradient = 52 53 53 54 cm 54 55 55 56 56 For Raters Only 57 90 E 120 60 150 E Sun s rays 180 30 E A North Pole 0 60 150 W B 120 57 30 W 30 60 90 W 58 58 59 59 60 60 [2] For Raters Only 61 D C B 61 A Key Contact metamorphism Igneous intrusion 62 Sedimentary rocks 62 63 63 Total Score for Part B 2 [3] [OVER] For Raters Only Part C 64 Azimuth Circle N 30 340 350 360 0 10 20 Horizon 3 30 40 0 B 70 290 60 30 0 31 50 0 32 80 280 A 90 E 100 110 250 260 W 270 64 0 24 0 12 0 23 0 13 14 0 0 15 0 22 Horizon 160 170 180 0 190 200 21 S 65 65 [4] For Raters Only 66 66 67 67 K 68 68 69 AU 69 70 70 71 F 71 72 % 72 73 C 73 74 Plate 75 74 75 76 76 [5] [OVER] For Raters Only 77 Average Monthly Stream Discharge Discharge (ft3/sec) 70 60 77 50 40 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Month 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 [6] Total Score for Part C FOR TEACHERS ONLY The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION PS ES PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE Wednesday, January 24, 2007 9:15 a.m. to 12:15 p.m., only SCORING KEY AND RATING GUIDE Directions to the Teacher: Refer to the directions on page 3 before rating student papers. Updated information regarding the rating of this examination may be posted on the New York State Education Department s web site during the rating period. Check this web site http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/osa/ and select the link Examination Scoring Information for any recently posted information regarding this examination. This site should be checked before the rating process for this examination begins and several times throughout the Regents examination period. Part A and Part B 1 Allow 1 credit for each correct response. Part B 1 Part A 1 . . . . .2. . . . . . . 13 . . . . .3 . . . . . . . 25 . . . . 1 . . . . . . . 36 . . . . .1 . . . . . . . 44 . . . . .3 . . . . . . . 2 . . . . .3. . . . . . . 14 . . . . .2 . . . . . . . 26 . . . . 3 . . . . . . . 37 . . . . .3 . . . . . . . 45 . . . . .2 . . . . . . . 3 . . . . .3. . . . . . . 15 . . . . .3 . . . . . . . 27 . . . . 1 . . . . . . . 38 . . . . .4 . . . . . . . 46 . . . . .3 . . . . . . . 4 . . . . .2. . . . . . . 16 . . . . .4 . . . . . . . 28 . . . . 3 . . . . . . . 39 . . . . .2 . . . . . . . 47 . . . . .1 . . . . . . . 5 . . . . .4. . . . . . . 17 . . . . .4 . . . . . . . 29 . . . . 4 . . . . . . . 40 . . . . .2 . . . . . . . 48 . . . . .1 . . . . . . . 6 . . . . .1. . . . . . . 18 . . . . .1 . . . . . . . 30 . . . . 2 . . . . . . . 41 . . . . .4 . . . . . . . 49 . . . . .1 . . . . . . . 7 . . . . .4. . . . . . . 19 . . . . .2 . . . . . . . 31 . . . . 3 . . . . . . . 42 . . . . .3 . . . . . . . 50 . . . . .4 . . . . . . . 8 . . . . .3. . . . . . . 20 . . . . .4 . . . . . . . 32 . . . . 3 . . . . . . . 43 . . . . .2 . . . . . . . 9 . . . . .1. . . . . . . 21 . . . . .1 . . . . . . . 33 . . . . 4 . . . . . . . 10 . . . . . 4 . . . . . . . 22 . . . . .2 . . . . . . . 34 . . . . 1 . . . . . . . 11 . . . . . 2 . . . . . . . 23 . . . . .4 . . . . . . . 35 . . . . 3 . . . . . . . 12 . . . . . 4 . . . . . . . 24 . . . . .4 . . . . . . . Part A Score Part B 1 Score PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE continued Directions to the Teacher Follow the procedures below for scoring student answer papers for the Physical Setting/Earth Science examination. Additional information about scoring is provided in the publication Information Booklet for Scoring Regents Examinations in the Sciences. Use only red ink or red pencil in rating Regents papers. Do not correct the student s work by making insertions or changes of any kind. On the detachable answer sheet for Part A and Part B 1, indicate by means of a check mark each incorrect or omitted answer. In the box provided at the end of each part, record the number of questions the student answered correctly for that part. At least two science teachers must participate in the scoring of each student s responses to the Part B 2 and Part C open-ended questions. Each of these teachers should be responsible for scoring a selected number of the open-ended questions on each answer paper. No one teacher is to score all the open-ended questions on a student s answer paper. Students responses must be scored strictly according to the Scoring Key and Rating Guide. For open-ended questions, credit may be allowed for responses other than those given in the rating guide if the response is a scientifically accurate answer to the question and demonstrates adequate knowledge as indicated by the examples in the rating guide. In the student s answer booklet, record the number of credits earned for each answer in the box printed to the right of the answer lines or spaces for that question. Fractional credit is not allowed. Only whole-number credit may be given to a response. Units need not be given when the wording of the questions allows such omissions. Raters should enter the scores earned for Part A, Part B 1, Part B 2, and Part C on the appropriate lines in the box printed on the answer booklet and then should add these four scores and enter the total in the box labeled Total Written Test Score. The student s score for the Earth Science Performance Test should be entered in the space provided. Then, the student s raw scores on the performance test and written test should be converted to a scaled score by using the conversion chart that will be posted on the Department s web site http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/osa/ on Wednesday, January 24, 2007. The student s scaled score should be entered in the labeled box on the student s answer booklet. The scaled score is the student s final examination score. All student answer papers that receive a scaled score of 60 through 64 must be scored a second time. For the second scoring, a different committee of teachers may score the student s paper or the original committee may score the paper, except that no teacher may score the same open-ended questions that he/she scored in the first rating of the paper. The school principal is responsible for assuring that the student s final examination score is based on a fair, accurate, and reliable scoring of the student s answer paper. Because scaled scores corresponding to raw scores in the conversion chart may change from one examination to another, it is crucial that for each administration, the conversion chart provided for that administration be used to determine the student s final score. [3] [OVER] PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE continued Part B 2 Allow a total of 15 credits for this part. The student must answer all questions in this part. 51 [2] Allow a maximum of 2 credits, allocated as follows: Allow 2 credits if four or five of the weather map symbols are shown in the correct positions and in the proper format. Allow 1 credit if only two or three of the weather map symbols are shown in the correct positions and in the proper format. Note: The feathers for wind speed may be placed on either side of the staff. Example of a 2-credit response: 36 164 36 52 [2] Allow a maximum of 2 credits, allocated as follows: Allow 1 credit for any value from 9.75 to 10.25. Allow 1 credit for the correct units. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: ft/mi feet/mile ft per mile 53 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: The slope decreased. The gradient decreased from location B to location C. The surface was steeper near B and flatter near C. 54 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: less than 0.0004 cm any number given that is less than 0.0004 cm [4] PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE continued 55 [1] Allow 1 credit for slate. 56 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: nonvesicular coarse large crystal 57 [1] Allow 1 credit for an arrow beginning at point B and curving to the northeast or curving to the right. Allow credit even if the arrow is not curved or if it does not start at point B, but is drawn from southwest to northeast. Note: Do not allow credit if the arrow extends past the 60 north latitude line. Example of a 1-credit response: 90 E 120 60 150 E Sun s rays 180 30 E A North Pole 0 60 150 W B 120 30 30 W 60 90 W [5] [OVER] PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE continued 58 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: 12 noon noon 12 p.m. 59 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: March 20, 21, or 22 September 21, 22, 23, or 24 equinox 60 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: B is located at a lower latitude. B is located closer to the equator. A is farther north. A is located at a greater distance from the latitude receiving direct Sun rays on this day. 61 [1] Allow 1 credit for placing an X whose center falls within the shaded zone of contact metamorphism shown in the diagram below. D C B A Key Contact metamorphism Igneous intrusion [6] Sedimentary rocks PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE continued 62 [1] Allow 1 credit for calcite. 63 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Intrusions are younger than any rock they metamorphose. Contact metamorphism can be seen between rock layer D and the igneous intrusion. [7] [OVER] PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE continued Part C Allow a total of 20 credits for this part. The student must answer all questions in this part. 64 [2] Allow a maximum of 2 credits, allocated as follows: Allow 2 credits if five or six Xs are correctly plotted and labeled. The center of each X must fall within the circles shown in the diagram below. Allow 1 credit if only three or four Xs are correctly plotted and labeled. The center of each X must fall within the circles shown in the diagram below. or Allow 1 credit if five or six Xs are correctly plotted but are not correctly labeled. The center of each X must fall within the circles shown in the diagram below. Azimuth Circle N 30 340 350 360 0 10 20 Horizon 3 30 0 40 H G 31 0 30 280 80 90 250 260 100 110 0 24 0 12 2 30 13 0 14 0 0 22 15 0 Horizon 170 180 190 [8] 160 S 0 200 21 W 270 E C A 70 F D B 60 290 50 0 32 E PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE continued 65 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: As the latitude of the observer increases, the azimuth decreases. As the latitude increases, the sunrise is farther north of east. 66 [1] Allow 1 credit for frozen gases. 67 [1] Allow 1 credit for any value from 150 K to 200 K. 68 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: As distance from the Sun increases, temperature decreases. There is an inverse relationship between distance and temperature. 69 [1] Allow 1 credit for 5.2 AU. 70 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Warmer air rises because it is less dense. As temperature increases, density decreases. 71 [1] Allow 1 credit for 43.5 F. 72 [1] Allow 1 credit for 100%. 73 [1] Allow 1 credit for any value from 500 C to 1200 C. 74 [1] Allow 1 credit for Indian-Australian Plate. 75 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: subduction convergence plate collision [9] [OVER] PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE continued 76 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: move to higher ground evacuate move inland 77 [1] Allow 1 credit if the center of 10, 11, or 12 Xs are plotted within the circles shown on the graph below and are correctly connected with a line that passes within the circles. Average Monthly Stream Discharge Discharge (ft3/sec) 70 60 50 40 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Month 78 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: As stream discharge increases, suspended sediment increases. There is a direct relationship between stream discharge and suspended sediment. 79 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Snowmelt in April results in a greater discharge. greater rainfall in April Saturated ground would cause more runoff in April. 80 [1] Allow 1 credit for stratosphere. [10] PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE concluded 81 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: The ozone layer absorbs some of the harmful ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. The layer decreases the amount of ultraviolet radiation reaching Earth. The ozone protects humans from skin cancer and eye damage. 82 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: June 20, 21, or 22 the first day of summer summer solstice [11] Regents Examination in Physical Setting/Earth Science January 2007 Chart for Converting Total Test Raw Scores to Final Examination Scores (Scaled Scores) The Chart for Determining the Final Examination Score for the January 2007 Regents Examination in Physical Setting/Earth Science will be posted on the Department s web site http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/osa/ on Wednesday, January 24, 2007. Conversion charts provided for previous administrations of the Regents Examination in Physical Setting/Earth Science must NOT be used to determine students final scores for this administration. Submitting Teacher Evaluations of the Test to the Department Suggestions and feedback from teachers provide an important contribution to the test development process. The Department provides an online evaluation form for State assessments. It contains spaces for teachers to respond to several specific questions and to make suggestions. Instructions for completing the evaluation form are as follows: 1. Go to www.emsc.nysed.gov/osa/exameval. 2. Select the test title. 3. Complete the required demographic fields. 4. Complete each evaluation question and provide comments in the space provided. 5. Click the SUBMIT button at the bottom of the page to submit the completed form. [12] Map to Core Curriculum January 2007 Physical Setting/Earth Science Key Ideas/Performance Indicators Math Key Idea 1 Math Key Idea 2 Math Key Idea 3 Science Inquiry Key Idea 1 Science Inquiry Key Idea 2 Science Inquiry Key Idea 3 Engineering Design Key Idea 1 Question Numbers Part A Standard 1 52 16, 30, 34 40 Part B Part C 64, 69, 71, 77 65, 66, 67, 68, 78 2, 32 44, 60 70, 79 11, 30 54, 55 80 37, 39, 46, 49, 53, 63 36, 38, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58, 60, 61, 62, 63 43, 45, 47 65, 78, 82 48, 57, 58, 59 70, 71, 75 81 Standard 2 Key Idea 1 Key Idea 2 Key Idea 3 Key Idea 1 Key Idea 2 Key Idea 3 Key Idea 4 Key Idea 5 Key Idea 6 Standard 6 29, 35 4, 9, 11, 13, 14, 15, 19, 23, 25, 27, 28, 29, 33, 34, 35 16 64, 66, 67, 68, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75 69 Standard 7 Key Idea 1 Key Idea 2 Key Idea 1 Key Idea 2 Key Idea 3 ESRT 2001 Edition 76 Standard 4 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 36, 38, 39, 41, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16 42, 43, 49, 50, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63 8, 9, 14, 17, 19, 36, 37, 40, 44, 20, 21, 22, 23, 45, 47, 48, 51, 24, 25, 26, 27, 52, 53, 60 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 10, 18 46, 54, 55, 56, 61, 62 Reference Tables 1, 6, 7, 10, 11, 41, 42, 46, 51, 16, 17, 18, 19, 52, 54, 55, 56, 20, 22, 25, 26, 57, 61, 62 27, 30, 32 [13] 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 79 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 80, 81, 82 69, 72, 73, 74, 80

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Additional Info : Refer : Answer Booklet (page 29) and Scoring Key (page 37)
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