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New York Regents Earth Science August 2006

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PS/EARTH SCIENCE The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION PHYSICAL SETTING EARTH SCIENCE Wednesday, August 16, 2006 12:30 to 3:30 p.m., only This is a test of your knowledge of Earth science. Use that knowledge to answer all questions in this examination. Some questions may require the use of the Earth Science Reference Tables. The Earth Science Reference Tables are supplied separately. Be certain you have a copy of the 2001 edition of these reference tables before you begin the examination. Your answer sheet for Part A and Part B 1 is the last page of this examination booklet. Turn to the last page and fold it along the perforations. Then, slowly and carefully, tear off your answer sheet and fill in the heading. The answers to the questions in Part B 2 and Part C are to be written in your separate answer booklet. Be sure to fill in the heading on the front of your answer booklet. You are to answer all questions in all parts of this examination according to the directions provided in the examination booklet. Record your answers to the Part A and Part B 1 multiple-choice questions on your separate answer sheet. Write your answers to the Part B 2 and Part C questions in your answer booklet. All work should be written in pen, except for graphs and drawings, which should be done in pencil. You may use scrap paper to work out the answers to the questions, but be sure to record all your answers on your separate answer sheet and in your answer booklet. When you have completed the examination, you must sign the statement printed at the end of your separate answer sheet, indicating that you had no unlawful knowledge of the questions or answers prior to the examination and that you have neither given nor received assistance in answering any of the questions during the examination. Your answer sheet and answer booklet cannot be accepted if you fail to sign this declaration. Notice. . . A four-function or scientific calculator and a copy of the 2001 Earth Science Reference Tables must be available for you to use while taking this examination. The use of any communications device is strictly prohibited when taking this examination. If you use any communications device, no matter how briefly, your examination will be invalidated and no score will be calculated for you. DO NOT OPEN THIS EXAMINATION BOOKLET UNTIL THE SIGNAL IS GIVEN. PS/EARTH SCIENCE Part A Answer all questions in this part. Directions (1 35): For each statement or question, write on your separate answer sheet the number of the word or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question. Some questions may require the use of the Earth Science Reference Tables. 1 A Foucault pendulum appears to change its direction of swing over a period of several hours because of Earth s (1) rotation (3) tilted axis (2) revolution (4) gravity 4 The diagrams below represent Earth s ocean tides at four different positions of the Moon. Which diagram shows the Moon position that will produce the highest high tides and the lowest low tides? (The diagrams are not drawn to scale.) Key 2 The same side of the Moon always faces Earth because the (1) Moon s period of rotation is longer than its period of revolution around Earth (2) Moon s period of rotation is shorter than its period of revolution around Earth (3) Moon rotates once as it completes one revolution around Earth (4) Moon does not rotate as it completes one revolution around Earth E = Earth M = Moon H = High tide L = Low tide M H L Sun MH E H Sun L L (3) Sun E H H H L Sun F2 (2) H M (4) 5 From which New York State location would Polaris be observed to have an altitude closest to 43 above the northern horizon? (1) Binghamton (3) Watertown (2) Utica (4) New York City What is the approximate eccentricity of this ellipse? (1) 0.22 (3) 0.68 (2) 0.47 (4) 1.47 P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 06 L E L L M Star L H (1) 3 The diagram below shows the elliptical orbit of a planet revolving around a star. The star and F2 are the foci of this ellipse. E [2] 10 The diagram below represents an aneroid barometer that shows the air pressure, in inches of mercury. 6 In October, observers in New York State looking due south at the night sky would see a different group of constellations than they had seen in March. What is the best explanation for this change in the night sky? (1) Constellations revolve around Earth. (2) Constellations revolve around the Sun. (3) The Sun revolves around the center of our galaxy. (4) Earth revolves around the Sun. 30.00 29.00 7 Which surface soil type has the slowest permeability rate and is most likely to produce flooding? (1) pebbles (3) silt (2) sand (4) clay When converted to millibars, this air pressure is equal to (1) 1009.0 mb (3) 1015.5 mb (2) 1012.5 mb (4) 1029.9 mb 8 Which map best represents the surface wind pattern around a Northern Hemisphere highpressure center? H 11 Great volcanic eruptions send dust and ash into the stratosphere. Weeks after such great eruptions, air temperatures are often (1) cooler than normal because the atmosphere is less transparent (2) cooler than normal because the atmosphere is more transparent (3) warmer than normal because the atmosphere is less transparent (4) warmer than normal because the atmosphere is more transparent H (1) (3) H 12 A P-wave takes 8 minutes and 20 seconds to travel from the epicenter of an earthquake to a seismic station. Approximately how long will an S-wave take to travel from the epicenter of the same earthquake to this seismic station? (1) 6 min 40 sec (3) 15 min 00 sec (2) 9 min 40 sec (4) 19 min 00 sec H (2) 31.00 (4) 9 What is the relative humidity when the air temperature is 29 C and the wet-bulb temperature is 23 C? (1) 6% (3) 54% (2) 20% (4) 60% P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 06 [3] [OVER] 17 The cross section below shows the direction of movement of an oceanic plate over a mantle hot spot, resulting in the formation of a chain of volcanoes labeled A, B, C, and D. The geologic age of volcano C is shown. Base your answers to questions 13 and 14 on the weather map below, which shows a low-pressure system centered near Poughkeepsie, New York. Isobars shown are measured in millibars. 04 10 Binghamton 10 12 Ocean 00 10 Poughkeepsie 8 million years old Low A Port Jervis Scranton 08 10 Danbury New York City C D Plate motion Magma from hot spot N Asthenosphere What are the most likely geologic ages of volcanoes B and D? (1) B is 5 million years old and D is 12 million years old. (2) B is 2 million years old and D is 6 million years old. (3) B is 9 million years old and D is 9 million years old. (4) B is 10 million years old and D is 4 million years old. 13 Which city is most likely experiencing winds of the greatest velocity? (1) New York City (3) Poughkeepsie (2) Binghamton (4) Scranton 14 Surface winds are most likely blowing from (1) Danbury toward New York City (2) Poughkeepsie toward Scranton (3) Binghamton toward Danbury (4) Port Jervis toward Binghamton 18 New York State landscape regions are identified and classified primarily by their (1) surface topography and bedrock structure (2) existing vegetation and type of weather (3) latitude and longitude (4) chemical weathering rate and nearness to large bodies of water 15 Scientists have inferred the structure of Earth s interior mainly by analyzing (1) the Moon s interior (2) the Moon s composition (3) Earth s surface features (4) Earth s seismic data 19 A stream flowing at a velocity of 75 centimeters per second can transport (1) clay, only (2) pebbles, only (3) pebbles, sand, silt, and clay, only (4) boulders, cobbles, pebbles, sand, silt, and clay 16 Which process transfers energy primarily by electromagnetic waves? (1) radiation (3) conduction (2) evaporation (4) convection P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 06 B [4] 20 The cross sections below show a three-stage sequence in the development of a glacial feature. More sediments Block of glacial ice Melting ice block Glacial till or outwash Stage 2 Stage 1 Stage 3 Which glacial feature has formed by the end of stage 3? (1) kettle lake (3) drumlin (2) finger lake (4) parallel scratches 21 Which diagram best shows the Sun s apparent path, as seen by an observer on July 21 in New York State? Zenith Noon Sun Zenith Noon Sun West West J ul y 21 Observer South North Observer North Ju South ly 2 1 Horizon East Horizon East (1) (3) Zenith Zenith West Observer 21 South Noon Sun South ly Observer North Ju ly Ju North West Noon Sun 21 Horizon East (2) P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 06 Horizon East (4) [5] [OVER] 25 The cross section below shows soil layer X, which was formed from underlying bedrock. 22 The map below shows barrier islands in the ocean along the coast of Texas. Texas Soil layer X Barrier islands Gulf of Mexico N Bedrock Which agent of erosion most likely formed these barrier islands? (1) mass movement (3) streams (2) wave action (4) glaciers Which change would most likely cause soil layer X to increase in thickness? (1) a decrease in slope (2) a decrease in rainfall (3) an increase in biologic activity (4) an increase in air pressure 23 What will be the most probable arrangement of rock particles deposited directly by a glacier? (1) sorted and layered (2) sorted and not layered (3) unsorted and layered (4) unsorted and not layered 26 The diagram below shows wind flowing over a mountain range. Windward side 24 Which two gases have been added to Earth s atmosphere in large amounts and are believed to have increased global warming by absorbing infrared radiation? (1) neon and argon (2) chlorine and nitrogen (3) hydrogen and helium (4) methane and carbon dioxide P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 06 Leeward side Mountain range As the wind flows down the leeward side of the mountain range, the air becomes (1) cooler and drier (2) cooler and wetter (3) warmer and drier (4) warmer and wetter [6] 27 The cross section of a house is shown below. Open stairways allow air to move from one floor to another. The ridge vent is an opening in the roof that allows air to move in or out of the attic. Sun Ridge Vent Attic Second Floor Key First Floor Door Window Basement (Not drawn to scale) During a windless summer day, the air inside this house is warmed by the Sun. In which cross section do the arrows show the most likely air movement when the windows are opened? (1) P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 06 (2) (3) [7] (4) [OVER] 32 Wavy bands of light and dark minerals visible in gneiss bedrock probably formed from the (1) cementing together of individual mineral grains (2) cooling and crystallization of magma (3) evaporation of an ancient ocean (4) heat and pressure during metamorphism 28 The ozone layer helps life on Earth because ozone (1) modifies the normal El Ni o weather pattern (2) reflects insolation from the Sun (3) absorbs damaging ultraviolet radiation from the Sun (4) deflects winds from a straight line to a curved path 33 The table below shows the hardness of four common materials. 29 Under identical conditions, which surface will reflect the greatest amount of insolation? (1) a basaltic sand beach (2) a pine tree forest (3) a glacial ice sheet (4) a blacktop parking lot Hardness of Four Materials Material human fingernail Sun s rays Equ 4.5 steel nail 6.5 Which statement best describes the hardness of the mineral dolomite? (1) Dolomite can scratch window glass, but cannot be scratched by a fingernail. (2) Dolomite can scratch window glass, but cannot be scratched by a steel nail. (3) Dolomite can scratch a copper penny, but cannot be scratched by a fingernail. (4) Dolomite can scratch a copper penny, but cannot be scratched by a steel nail. ato r Which date is represented by the diagram? (1) March 21 (3) September 23 (2) June 21 (4) December 21 31 Fossils of trilobites, graptolites, and eurypterids are found in the same bedrock layer in New York State. During which geologic time interval could this bedrock layer have formed? (1) Late Ordovician to Early Devonian (2) Late Silurian to Early Cretaceous (3) Early Permian to Late Jurassic (4) Early Cambrian to Middle Ordovician P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 06 3.0 window glass No rth Po le 2.5 copper penny 30 The diagram below shows Earth on a particular day in its orbit around the Sun. The dashed line represents Earth s axis. Hardness [8] 34 The block diagram below of a portion of Earth s crust shows four zones labeled A, B, C, and D outlined with dashed lines. A B C D Key Rock Units Igneous rock Sedimentary rocks Contact metamorphism In which zone is a younger rock unit on top of an older rock unit? (3) C (1) A (2) B (4) D Radioactive K-40 (%) 35 The graph below shows the rate of decay of the radioactive isotope K-40 into the decay products Ar-40 and Ca-40. 100 75 50 25 0 0 1.3 2.6 3.9 Time (billion yr) 5.2 6.5 Analysis of a basalt rock sample shows that 25% of its radioactive K-40 remained undecayed. How old is the basalt? (1) 1.3 billion years (3) 3.9 billion years (2) 2.6 billion years (4) 4.6 billion years P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 06 [9] [OVER] Part B 1 Answer all questions in this part. Directions (36 50): For each statement or question, write on your separate answer sheet the number of the word or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question. Some questions may require the use of the Earth Science Reference Tables. Base your answers to questions 36 and 37 on the diagram below, which shows the Moon, Earth, and the Sun s rays as viewed from space. Letter A indicates a certain position of the Moon in its orbit. Moon's orbit Earth Moon North Pole Light rays from Sun A (Not drawn to scale) 36 Which diagram correctly shows the direction of Earth s rotation and revolution? Key Rotation Revolution Earth Earth North Pole Light rays from Sun North Pole Light rays from Sun (3) (1) Earth Earth North Pole Light rays from Sun North Pole Light rays from Sun (2) P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 06 (4) [10] 37 Which diagram represents the phase of the Moon, as seen by an observer on Earth, when the Moon is located at position A in its orbit? (1) (2) (3) (4) Base your answers to questions 38 through 40 on the passage below and on your knowledge of Earth science. A Newly Discovered Planet Scientists studying a Sun-like star named Ogle-Tr-3 discovered a planet that is, on the average, 3.5 million kilometers away from the star s surface. The planet was discovered as a result of observing a cyclic decrease in the brightness of Ogle-Tr-3 every 28.5 hours. The changing brightness is the result of the planet blocking some of the starlight when it is between Ogle-Tr-3 and Earth. This observation allowed scientists to find not only the planet, but also to determine the planet s mass and density. The mass has been calculated to be approximately 159 times the mass of Earth. The planet is only 20% as dense as Jupiter. Scientists think that this low density is the result of being very close to Ogle-Tr-3. 38 Compared to the period of revolution of Mercury and Venus, this newly discovered planet s period of revolution is (1) shorter than both Mercury s and Venus (2) longer than both Mercury s and Venus (3) shorter than Mercury s but longer than Venus (4) longer than Mercury s but shorter than Venus 39 The density of the discovered planet has been estimated to be approximately (1) 5.5 g/cm3 (3) 1.3 g/cm3 3 (2) 2.0 g/cm (4) 0.3 g/cm3 40 The planet was discovered when it passed between Earth and the star Ogle-Tr-3. Which event in our solar system results from a similar type of alignment of the Moon between Earth and the Sun? (1) summer solstice (3) solar eclipse (2) winter solstice (4) lunar eclipse P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 06 [11] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 41 through 44 on the topographic map below. Elevations are in feet. Points A and B are locations on the map. Gr n ee r ve Ri 300 A 400 300 0 1 B 2 3 4 5 Miles 41 Toward which direction does the Green River flow? (1) northeast (3) southeast (2) northwest (4) southwest 42 What is the gradient along the straight line between points A and B? (1) 10 ft/mi (3) 25 ft/mi (2) 20 ft/mi (4) 35 ft/mi P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 06 [12] N 43 Which graph best represents the profile along line AB? 500 Elevation (ft) Elevation (ft) 500 400 300 200 A Distance (mi) (1) A Distance (mi) (3) B 500 Elevation (ft) Elevation (ft) 300 200 B 500 400 300 200 400 A Distance (mi) (2) 400 300 200 B A Distance (mi) (4) B 44 What evidence can be used to determine that the land surface in the northeast corner of the map is relatively flat? (1) a rapidly flowing river (3) the dark contour line labeled 300 (2) a large region covered by water (4) the absence of many contour lines P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 06 [13] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 45 through 47 on the diagram below, which shows a coastal region in which the land slopes toward the ocean. Point X is near the top of the hill, point Y is at the base of the hill, and point Z is a location at sea level. The same type of surface bedrock underlies this entire region. A stream flows from point X through point Y to point Z. This stream is not shown in the diagram. Hil lslo pe X Coast al plain ea Oc Z n Y 45 Which diagram best shows the most probable path of the stream flowing from point X to point Z? X Coast al plain Y Hil lslo pe Coast al plain Oc (1) (3) Hil lslo pe X Coast al plain Y Hil lslo pe Coast al plain Y ea n Z Oc Oc Z n X ea ea n Z Oc Z n Y ea X Hil lslo pe (2) (4) 46 Compared to the stream velocity between point X and point Y, the stream velocity between point Y and point Z is most likely (1) greater, since the slope of the land decreases (2) greater, since the slope of the land increases (3) less, since the slope of the land decreases (4) less, since the slope of the land increases P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 06 [14] 47 Which cross section best shows the pattern of sediments deposited by the stream as it enters the ocean near point Z? Stream Stream (1) (3) Stream Stream (2) P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 06 (4) [15] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 48 through 50 on the drawings of six sedimentary rocks labeled A through F. A Conglomerate B Breccia C Sandstone D Shale 48 Most of the rocks shown were formed by (1) volcanic eruptions and crystallization (2) compaction and/or cementation E Limestone F Rock salt (3) heat and pressure (4) melting and/or solidification 49 Which two rocks are composed primarily of quartz, feldspar, and clay minerals? (1) rock salt and conglomerate (3) sandstone and shale (2) rock salt and breccia (4) sandstone and limestone 50 Which table shows the rocks correctly classified by texture? Texture Rock clastic bioclastic crystalline A, B, C, D E Texture F Rock clastic bioclastic crystalline A, C B, E D, F (3) (1) Texture clastic bioclastic Rock A, B, C D Texture E, F bioclastic crystalline A, B, F E C, D (4) (2) P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 06 clastic Rock crystalline [16] Part B 2 Answer all questions in this part. Directions (51 64): Record your answers in the spaces provided in your answer booklet. Some questions may require the use of the Earth Science Reference Tables. Base your answers to questions 51 through 53 on the passage below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The Future of the Sun Hydrogen gas is the main source of fuel that powers the nuclear reactions that occur in the Sun. But just like many sources of fuel, the hydrogen is in limited supply. As the hydrogen gas is used up, scientists predict that the helium created as an end product of earlier nuclear reactions will begin to fuel new nuclear reactions. When this happens, the Sun is expected to become a red giant star with a radius that would extend out past the orbit of Venus and possibly out as far as Earth s orbit. Earth will probably not survive this change in the Sun s size. But no need to worry at this time. The Sun is not expected to expand to this size for a few billion years. 51 Identify the nuclear reaction referred to in this passage that combines hydrogen gas to form helium and produces most of the Sun s energy. [1] 52 On the diagram of the planets and the Sun s surface in your answer booklet, draw a vertical line to represent the inferred location of the Sun s surface when it becomes a red giant star. [1] 53 Explain why a red giant star, similar to Aldebaran, has a greater luminosity than the Sun. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 06 [17] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 54 through 58 on the geologic cross section below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The cross section shows New York State index fossils in rock layers that have not been overturned. Rock unit A is an igneous intrusion and line XY represents an unconformity. ll lll lll l lll lll lll lll lll lll ll lll lll l lll lll lll lll lll ll lll ll lll ll A Y lll ll lll lll X Key Index Fossils Key Rock Units Bothriolepis Sedimentary rocks Ctenocrinus Dicellograptus Igneous rock Valcouroceras Contact l l l l l l l l l metamorphic rock Elliptocephala 54 Based on fossil evidence, determine the geologic period during which the unconformity formed. [1] 55 Identify the coral index fossil that would most likely be found in the same layer as the index fossil Ctenocrinus. [1] 56 Each index fossil existed for a relatively short geologic time interval. State one other characteristic that each fossil must have to be considered an index fossil. [1] 57 Describe the type of depositional environment in which the fossilized organisms lived. [1] 58 Identify one piece of evidence shown in this cross section that indicates that the igneous intrusion, A, is older than the sandstone layer. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 06 [18] Base your answers to questions 59 through 61 on the cross section below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The cross section shows a portion of Earth s interior. Layer X is part of Earth s interior. Continental crust Lithosphere Sea level Oceanic crust Layer X Plastic mantle (Not drawn to scale) 59 Identify the texture and relative density of the granitic bedrock of the continental crust and the basaltic bedrock of the oceanic crust. [2] 60 The minerals biotite and amphibole may be found in igneous bedrock of both the oceanic crust and the continental crust. Identify two other minerals commonly found in the basaltic oceanic crust. [1] 61 Identify the part of Earth s lithosphere represented by layer X. [1] Base your answers to questions 62 through 64 on the map in your answer booklet, which shows the generalized surface bedrock for a portion of New York State that appears in the Earth Science Reference Tables. 62 Place an X on the map to represent a location in the Tug Hill Plateau landscape region. [1] 63 State the longitude of Mt. Marcy, New York, to the nearest degree. The units and compass direction must be included in your answer. [1] 64 Identify the geologic age and name of the surface metamorphic bedrock found at Mt. Marcy. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 06 [19] [OVER] Part C Answer all questions in this part. Directions (65 82): Record your answers in the spaces provided in your answer booklet. Some questions may require the use of the Earth Science Reference Tables. 65 Part of which generalized New York State landscape region is drained by the Susquehanna River and its tributaries? [1] 66 The diagram below shows a model of the water cycle. The arrows show the movement of water molecules through the water cycle. The circled numbers represent the processes that occur as the water molecules reach the different stages of the water cycle. Sun 3 4 Water vapor from ocean Water vapor from plants 1 2 5 Ocean 6 Groundwater Complete the table in your answer booklet by identifying the name of the water cycle process occurring at each number. [2] P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 06 [20] Base your answers to questions 67 through 69 on the cross section below, which shows the major surface features of Earth along 25 S latitude between 75 W and 15 E longitude. Points A, B, and C represent locations on Earth s crust. 75 W 60 W Pacific Ocean South America 45 W 30 W 15 W 0 Atlantic Ocean A 15 E Africa B Mid-ocean ridge C (Not drawn to scale) 67 Identify the crustal feature located at point A. [1] 68 Identify the tectonic plate motion that is causing an increase in the distance between South America and Africa. [1] 69 Bedrock samples were taken at the mid-ocean ridge and points B and C. On the grid in your answer booklet, draw a line to show the relative age of the bedrock samples between these locations. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 06 [21] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 70 through 74 on the passage below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The passage describes a tornado produced from a thunderstorm that moved through a portion of New York State on May 31, 1998. New York Tornado A small tornado formed and moved through the town of Apalachin, New York, at 5:30 p.m., producing winds between 40 and 72 miles per hour. The tops of trees were snapped off, and many large limbs fell to the ground. The path of the destruction measured up to 200 feet wide. At 5:45 p.m., the tornado next moved through the town of Vestal where winds ranged between 73 and 112 miles per hour. Many people experienced personal property damage as many homes were hit with flying material. At 6:10 p.m., the tornado moved close to Binghamton, producing winds between 113 and 157 miles per hour. A 1000-foot television tower was pushed over, and many heavy objects were tossed about by the strong winds. Then the tornado lifted off the ground for short periods of time and bounced along toward the town of Windsor. At 6:15 p.m., light damage was done to trees as limbs fell and small shallow-rooted trees were pushed over in Windsor. The tornado increased in strength again at 6:20 p.m. as it moved into Sanford. Some homes were damaged as their roof shingles and siding were ripped off. One mobile home was turned over on its side. The tornado moved through the town of Deposit at 6:30 p.m., creating a path of destruction 200 yards wide. The tornado skipped along hilltops, touching down occasionally on the valley floors. However, much damage was done to homes as the tornado s winds reached their maximum speeds of 158 to 206 miles per hour. The tornado weakened and sporadically touched down after leaving Deposit. By 7:00 p.m., the tornado had finally ended its 1 1 -hour rampage. 2 70 On the map in your answer booklet, draw the path of the tornado and the direction the tornado moved, by following the directions below. [2] Place an X through the point for each of the six towns mentioned in the passage. Connect the Xs with a line in the order that each town was mentioned in the passage. Place an arrow at one end of your line to show the direction of the tornado s movement. 71 The tornado mentioned in this passage was produced by cold, dry air from Canada quickly advancing into warm, moist air already in place over the northeastern United States. List the two-letter air-mass symbols that would identify each of the two air masses responsible for producing this tornado. [1] 72 Which type of front was located at the boundary between the advancing cold, dry air mass and the warm, moist air mass? [1] P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 06 [22] 73 Using the Fujita Scale shown below and the information in the passage, complete the table in your answer booklet, by assigning an F-Scale number for the tornado as it passed through each town given in the table. [1] Fujita Scale F-Scale Number Wind Speed (mph) F 0 40 72 some damage to chimneys; breaks branches off trees; pushes over shallow-rooted trees; damages sign boards F 1 73 112 peels surface off roofs; mobile homes pushed off foundations or overturned; moving autos pushed off the roads; attached garages may be destroyed F 2 113 157 considerable damage; roofs torn off frame houses; mobile homes demolished; boxcars pushed over; large trees snapped or uprooted; light-object missiles generated F 3 158 206 roof and some walls torn off well-constructed homes; trains overturned; most trees in forest uprooted F 4 207 260 well-constructed houses leveled; structures with weak foundations blown off some distance; cars thrown and large missiles generated 261 318 strong frame houses lifted off foundations and carried considerable distances to disintegrate; automobile-sized missiles fly through the air in excess of 100 meters; trees debarked; steel-reinforced concrete structures badly damaged F 5 Type of Damage Done 74 Calculate the tornado s average rate of travel, in miles per minute, between Vestal and Windsor, by using the equation below. Express your answer to the nearest tenth. [1] tornado s rate of travel = P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 06 distance between Vestal and Windsor (miles) time (minutes) [23] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 75 through 79 on the map and data tables below. The map shows the location of Birdsville and Bundaberg in Australia. Data table 1 shows the average monthly high temperatures for Birdsville. Data table 2 includes the latitude and longitude, elevation above sea level, and the average rainfall in January for Birdsville and Bundaberg. Map of Australia Indian Ocean Data Table 1 Average Monthly High Temperatures for Birdsville, Australia Pacific Ocean Month January February March April May June July August September October November December Bundaberg Birdsville Key Mountains N Temperature ( C) 39 38 35 30.5 25 22 21 23.5 28 32.5 36 38 Data Table 2 Information about Two Australian Cities City Latitude ( S) Longitude ( E) Elevation (m) Average January Rainfall (mm) Birdsville 25.9 139.4 47 25 Bundaberg 24.9 152.4 14 105 75 On the grid in your answer booklet, plot with an X the average monthly high temperatures for Birdsville, Australia. Connect the Xs with a line. The average monthly high temperatures for Bundaberg have already been plotted on the graph for you. [1] 76 State one factor that could account for the difference between the average high temperatures recorded in December for Birdsville and Bundaberg. [1] 77 State one reason for the difference in the average January rainfall for Birdsville and Bundaberg. [1] 78 Explain why Bundaberg will experience solar noon before Birdsville each day. [1] 79 On the map in your answer booklet, draw the 30 S latitude line. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 06 [24] Base your answers to questions 80 through 82 on the passage below and on your knowledge of Earth science. Asteroids Most known asteroids are found orbiting the Sun approximately halfway between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, in a vast ring known as the Asteroid Belt. Occasionally, though, an asteroid leaves this orbit belt and moves into a more eccentric orbit that brings it into the inner solar system. This sudden change may be caused by an impact with another asteroid or by the gravitational pull of Jupiter or Mars. The closest known near-Earth collision was in 1994, when asteroid 1994 XL1 came within the Moon s orbit at a distance of 100,000 kilometers from Earth. Earth had missed hitting this asteroid by a mere 52 minutes. This asteroid was only about 15 hours away from Earth when it was first noticed. Only 30 feet in diameter, 1994 XL1 was 100,000 times fainter than an object that could be seen with the naked eye. Each year other asteroids are spotted coming close to Earth. Evidence on Earth indicates that some asteroids have come close enough to be drawn into Earth by gravitational attraction. A 110-mile-wide crater discovered by oil geologists under the Yucatan Peninsula and the Gulf of Mexico is one such piece of evidence. This crater is closely linked to the extinction of the dinosaurs. Some scientists estimate that a 10-mile-wide asteroid caused this crater. 80 Approximately how many million kilometers from the Sun is the Asteroid Belt? [1] 81 State one probable reason why asteroid 1994 XL1 was so close to Earth before being spotted by astronomers. [1] 82 Some scientists believe an asteroid impact on Earth caused the extinction of the last of the dinosaurs. How many million years ago did this asteroid impact occur? [1] P.S./E. Sci. Aug. 06 [25] The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION PHYSICAL SETTING Tear Here EARTH SCIENCE Wednesday, August 16, 2006 12:30 to 3:30 p.m., only ANSWER SHEET I Male I Female Grade . . . . . . . . . . . . Student . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sex: Teacher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Record your answers to Part A and Part B 1 on this answer sheet. Part B 1 Part A 1 ............ 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . . . . . . 36 . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 ............ 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 . . . . . . . . . . . 37 . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 ............ 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 . . . . . . . . . . . 38 . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 ............ 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 . . . . . . . . . . . 39 . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 ............ 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 . . . . . . . . . . . 40 . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 ............ 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 . . . . . . . . . . . 41 . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 ............ 19 . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 . . . . . . . . . . . 42 . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 ............ 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 . . . . . . . . . . . 43 . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 ............ 21 . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 . . . . . . . . . . . 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 . . . . . . . . . . . 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 . . . . . . . . . . . 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 . . . . . . . . . . . . Part B 1 Score Part A Score Write your answers to Part B 2 and Part C in your answer booklet. Tear Here The declaration below should be signed when you have completed the examination. I do hereby affirm, at the close of this examination, that I had no unlawful knowledge of the questions or answers prior to the examination and that I have neither given nor received assistance in answering any of the questions during the examination. Signature PS/EARTH SCIENCE Tear Here Tear Here PS/EARTH SCIENCE The University of the State of New York Performance Test Score (Maximum Score: 23) REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION PHYSICAL SETTING EARTH SCIENCE A Sex: I Female 15 C I Male 15 B 2 ANSWER BOOKLET 20 Teacher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Student s Score 35 B 1 Wednesday, August 16, 2006 12:30 to 3:30 p.m., only Student . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maximum Score Part Total Written Test Score (Maximum Raw Score: 85) Grade . . . . . . . . . Final Score (from conversion chart) Answer all questions in Part B 2 and Part C. Record your answers in this booklet. Raters Initials: Rater 1 . . . . . . . . . . Rater 2 . . . . . . . . . . For Raters Only Part B 2 51 51 52 Order of Planets from the Sun Sun s surface 52 o ut ne Pl ptu Ne s rn r te pi Ju tu Sa nu a Ur er s ar Mh rt Ea s nu Ve ury c M (Distances are not drawn to scale) 53 53 For Raters Only 54 Period 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 Granitic Bedrock Texture: Density: 59 Basaltic Bedrock Texture: Density: 60 60 and 61 61 [2] For Raters Only 62 62 63 Longitude: 63 64 Geologic age: 64 Name of Bedrock: Total Score for Part B 2 [3] [OVER] For Raters Only Part C ____ 65 ______________________ 65 66 Number Water Cycle Process 1 2 66 3 4 5 6 67 67 68 68 69 Relative Age Older 69 Younger B Mid-ocean ridge Bedrock Sample Location [4] C For Raters Only 70 Newark Valley Fairfield Middle Bridge Chenango Forks Tacoma Nineveh Junction West Chenango Catatonk North Sanford Gaskill Owego Endwell Vestal Apalachin Lounsberry Johnson City Windham Ouaquaga Occanum Fivemile Point Lester Kirkwood Binghamton New York Pennsylvania Stanfordville Friendsville Russellville Barbourville East Windsor Windsor Edson Sanford Hickory Grove Beerston Rock Rift Kerry Siding Winterdale 70 Shinhopple Elk Brook Hancock Goulds Fairmont Brushville Downsville Deposit Gulf Summit Riverside Laurel Lake Hamden Cleave Newmans Corner N 0 5 10 15 20 25 mi 71 ___________ and ___________ 71 72 ____________________________ front 72 73 Town F-Scale Number Vestal 73 Windsor Sanford Deposit 74 rate = mi/min [5] 74 [OVER] For Raters Only Temperature ( C) 75 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 Average Monthly High Temperatures 75 Bundaberg J FMAMJ JASOND Month 76 76 77 77 78 78 [6] For Raters Only 79 Map of Australia Indian Ocean Pacific Ocean Bundaberg Birdsville 79 Key Mountains 80 N 80 million km 81 81 82 million yr 82 Total Score for Part C [7] [8] FOR TEACHERS ONLY The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION PS ES PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE Wednesday, August 16, 2006 12:30 to 3:30 p.m., only SCORING KEY AND RATING GUIDE Directions to the Teacher: Refer to the directions on page 3 before rating student papers. Updated information regarding the rating of this examination may be posted on the New York State Education Department s web site during the rating period. Check this web site http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/osa/ and select the link Examination Scoring Information for any recently posted information regarding this examination. This site should be checked before the rating process for this examination begins and several times throughout the Regents examination period. Part A and Part B 1 Allow 1 credit for each correct response. Part A Part B 1 1 . . . . .1. . . . . 13 . . . . .3. . . . . 25 . . . . .3. . . . . 3 6 . . . . .3. . . . . 44 . . . . .4. . . . . 2 . . . . .3. . . . . 14 . . . . .3. . . . . 26 . . . . .3. . . . . 3 7 . . . . .1. . . . . 45 . . . . .1. . . . . 3 . . . . .3. . . . . 15 . . . . .4. . . . . 27 . . . . .1. . . . . 3 8 . . . . .1 . . . . . 46 . . . . .3. . . . . 4 . . . . .1. . . . . 16 . . . . .1. . . . . 28 . . . . .3. . . . . 3 9 . . . . .4 . . . . . 47 . . . . .3. . . . . 5 . . . . .2. . . . . 17 . . . . .1. . . . . 29 . . . . .3. . . . . 4 0 . . . . .3 . . . . . 48 . . . . .2. . . . . 6 . . . . .4. . . . . 18 . . . . .1. . . . . 30 . . . . .4. . . . . 4 1 . . . . .2 . . . . . 49 . . . . .3. . . . . 7 . . . . .4. . . . . 19 . . . . .3. . . . . 31 . . . . .1. . . . . 4 2 . . . . .3 . . . . . 50 . . . . .1. . . . . 8 . . . . .3. . . . . 20 . . . . .1. . . . . 32 . . . . .4. . . . . 4 3 . . . . .3 . . . . . 9 . . . . .4. . . . . 21 . . . . .1. . . . . 33 . . . . .3. . . . . 1 0 . . . . .2 . . . . . 22 . . . . .2. . . . . 34 . . . . .1. . . . . 1 1 . . . . .1 . . . . . 23 . . . . .4. . . . . 35 . . . . .2. . . . . 1 2 . . . . .3 . . . . . 24 . . . . .4. . . . . [1] [2] PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE continued Directions to the Teacher Follow the procedures below for scoring student answer papers for the Physical Setting/Earth Science examination. Additional information about scoring is provided in the publication Information for Administering and Scoring Regents Examinations in the Sciences. Use only red ink or red pencil in rating Regents papers. Do not correct the student s work by making insertions or changes of any kind. On the detachable answer sheet for Part A and Part B 1, indicate by means of a checkmark each incorrect or omitted answer. In the box provided at the end of each part, record the number of questions the student answered correctly for that part. At least two science teachers must participate in the scoring of each student s responses to the Part B 2 and Part C open-ended questions. Each of these teachers should be responsible for scoring a selected number of the open-ended questions on each answer paper. No one teacher is to score all the open-ended questions on a student s answer paper. Student s responses must be scored strictly according to the Scoring Key and Rating Guide. For open-ended questions, credit may be allowed for responses other than those given in the rating guide if the response is a scientifically accurate answer to the question and demonstrates adequate knowledge as indicated by the examples in the rating guide. In the student s answer booklet, record the number of credits earned for each answer in the box printed to the right of the answer lines or spaces for that question. Fractional credit is not allowed. Only whole-number credit may be given to a response. Units need not be given when the wording of the questions allows such omissions. Raters should enter the scores earned for Part A, Part B 1, Part B 2, and Part C on the appropriate lines in the box printed on the answer booklet and then should add these four scores and enter the total in the box labeled Total Written Test Score. The student s score for the Earth Science Performance Test should be entered in the space provided. Then, the student s raw scores on the performance test and written test should be converted to a scaled score by using the conversion chart that will posted on the Department s web site http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/osa/ on Wednesday, August 16, 2006. The student s scaled score should be entered in the labeled box on the student s answer booklet. The scaled score is the student s final examination score. All student answer papers that receive a scaled score of 60 through 64 must be scored a second time. For the second scoring, a different committee of teachers may score the student s paper or the original committee may score the paper, except that no teacher may score the same open-ended questions that he/she scored in the first rating of the paper. The school principal is responsible for assuring that the student s final examination score is based on a fair, accurate, and reliable scoring of the student s answer paper. Because scaled scores corresponding to raw scores in the conversion chart may change from one examination to another, it is crucial that for each administration, the conversion chart provided for that administration be used to determine the student s final score. [3] [OVER] PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE continued Part B 2 Allow a total of 15 credits for this part. The student must answer all questions in this part. 51 [1] Allow 1 credit for fusion or nuclear fusion. 52 [1] Allow 1 credit for a vertical line drawn anywhere through the shaded area shown below. The line does not have to be perfectly vertical. Example of a 1-credit response: Order of Planets from the Sun Sun s surface oe un pt [4] ut Pl The Sun is smaller than Aldebaran. us Aldebaran is larger than the Sun. an Ur rn tu Sa r te pi Ju 53 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Ne s ar Mh rt Ea s nu Ve ury c er M (Distances are not drawn to scale) PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE continued 54 [1] Allow 1 credit for Devonian Period. 55 [1] Allow 1 credit for Pleurodictyum. 56 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: widespread geographic distribution 57 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: The organisms lived in a shallow sea. They lived in a marine environment. 58 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: There is no contact metamorphism between rock unit A and the sandstone. An unconformity exists between the igneous intrusion and sandstone layer. [5] [OVER] PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE continued 59 [2] Allow a maximum of 2 credits, allocated as follows: Allow 2 credits if all four responses are correct. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Granitic bedrock Texture: Density: coarse nonvesicular low density 3 2.7 g/cm Basaltic bedrock Texture: Density : fine vesicular or nonvesicular high density 3 3.0 g/cm Allow 1 credit if only two or three of the responses for the textures and densities are correct. 60 [1] Allow 1 credit if both minerals are correct. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: olivine pyroxene or augite plagioclase or plagioclase feldspar Note: Do not accept feldspar only. 61 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: rigid mantle uppermost part of the mantle [6] PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE continued 62 [1] Allow 1 credit if the center of the X is located within the shaded area shown. Also allow credit if a symbol other than X is used. 63 [1] Allow 1 credit for 74 W. The correct unit and compass direction must be included in the answer. 64 [1] Allow 1 credit if both the name of the geologic age and the name of the bedrock are correct. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Geologic age: Proterozoic Middle Proterozoic Precambrian about 1000 million years Name of bedrock: anorthosite anorthositic [7] [OVER] PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE continued Part C Allow a total of 20 credits for this part. The student must answer all questions in this part. 65 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Allegheny Plateau Appalachian Plateau (uplands) Catskills 66 [2] Allow a maximum of 2 credits, allocated as follows: Allow 2 credits if five or six processes are correctly identified. Allow 1 credit if only three or four processes are correctly identified. Example of a 2-credit response: Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 Water Cycle Process evaporation transpiration condensation precipitation runoff infiltration [8] PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE continued 67 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: trench Peru-Chile trench a subduction zone a convergent boundary a fault 68 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: divergence seafloor spreading 69 [1] Allow 1 credit for a correctly drawn line. The line may be curved or straight, and the lowest point should be at the mid-ocean ridge. Example of a 1-credit response: Relative Age Older Younger B C Mid-ocean ridge Bedrock Sample Location [9] [OVER] PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE continued 70 [2] Allow a maximum of 2 credits, allocated as follows: Allow 2 credits if an X is correctly placed on each of the six towns, and a line correctly connects the six towns in the order described in the article. The arrow should point eastward and does not need to be at the end of the line. Allow 1 credit if an X is correctly placed on only four or five towns, and a line correctly connects the four or five towns in the order described in the article. The arrow should point eastward and does not need to be at the end of the line. or Allow 1 credit if an X is correctly placed on each of the six towns, but the line and/or the arrow has been incorrectly drawn or omitted. Note: Also allow credit if a symbol other than X is used. Example of a 2-credit response: Newark Valley Fairfield Chenango Forks West Chenango Middle Bridge Owego Lounsberry North Sanford Endwell Johnson City X VestalX XApalachin Windham Laurel Lake Russellville Ouaquaga Occanum Fivemile XWindsor Point Lester Kirkwood Edson Riverside Stanfordville Hickory Grove Friendsville Barbourville East Windsor Binghamton New York Pennsylvania Hamden Cleave Newmans Corner Catatonk Gaskill Tacoma Nineveh Junction XSanford XDeposit Gulf Summit Rock Rift Kerry Siding Winterdale Downsville Shinhopple Elk Brook Hancock Goulds Fairmont Brushville Beerston N 0 5 10 15 20 25 mi 71 [1] Allow 1 credit for two correct responses. Allow credit for either upper- or lower-case letters. For example, allow credit for MT or Mt or mt or mT. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: cP and mT mT and cP mT and cA cA and mT Note: Do not allow credit if the letters are reversed, e.g., Tm. [10] PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE continued 72 [1] Allow 1 credit for cold front. 73 [1] Allow 1 credit if three or four classifications are correct, as shown below. Town Vestal Windsor Sanford Deposit F-Scale Number 1 0 1 3 74 [1] Allow 1 credit for 0.7 mi/m. [11] [OVER] PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE continued 75 [1] Allow 1 credit if the centers of ten, eleven, or twelve plotted Xs are within the circles shown and the Xs are correctly connected with a line. Temperature ( C) Example of a 1-credit response: 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 Average Monthly High Temperatures Bundaberg J FMAMJ JASOND Month 76 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Birdsville is located inland near the center of the continent. Bundaberg is located near a large body of water (the ocean) that moderates climate temperatures. 77 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Bundaberg is located near the ocean. Birdsville is located inland. The warm ocean current affects the climate of Bundaberg. Bundaberg is located on the windward side of the mountain. [12] PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE concluded 78 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Bundaberg is located east of Birdsville. Birdsville is west of Bundaberg. Earth rotates west to east. 79 [1] Allow 1 credit for drawing a horizontal line at 30 S latitude within the shaded area shown below. Map of Australia Indian Ocean Pacific Ocean Bundaberg Birdsville Key Mountains N 80 [1] Allow 1 credit for any value from 400 to 600 million km. 81 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Asteroid 1994 XL1 was very small. The asteroid was 100,000 times fainter than the naked eye could see. Asteroid 1994 XL1 was dark colored. 82 [1] Allow 1 credit for 65 million yr. [13] The Chart for Determining the Final Examination Score for the August 2006 Regents Examination in Physical Setting/Earth Science will be posted on the Department s web site http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/osa/ on Wednesday, August 16, 2006. Conversion charts provided for previous administrations of the Regents Examination in Physical Setting/Earth Science must NOT be used to determine students final scores for this administration. The Teacher Evaluation of State Examinations forms will be posted on the same web site. Please select the link Teacher Evaluation Forms and then the examination title to complete the evaluation form for the August 2006 Regents Examination in Physical Setting/Earth Science. [14] Map to Core Curriculum August 2006 Physical Setting/ Earth Science Question Numbers Key Ideas/Performance Indicators Part A Part B Part C Standard 1 Math Key Idea 1 Math Key Idea 2 Math Key Idea 3 Science Inquiry Key Idea 1 Science Inquiry Key Idea 2 Science Inquiry Key Idea 3 3 12,35 39,42 38,46,53 40,56 76,77,78 48,49,50,51,54,59, 60,62,63,64 5,9,19,31,32 69,74,75 66,70,80,81,82 Engineering Design. Key Idea 1 Standard 2 Key Idea 1 Key Idea 2 Key Idea 3 71,72 81 Standard 6 Key Idea 1 Key Idea 2 Key Idea 3 Key Idea 4 Key Idea 5 Key Idea 6 7,17,23,26 10,13,14,17,20,21, 23,25,26,27,30,34, 38 33 44,47,57,58 36,37,41,43,45,47, 54,55,58,61,63,64 17 52 65,76,78 67,68,70,77,79 70 66 Standard 7 Key Idea 1 Key Idea 2 Standard 4 Performance Indicator 1 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,21,31, 34,35 Performance Indicator 2 8,9,10,11,12,13,14, 15,16,17,18,19,20, 22,23,24,25,26,27, 28,29,30 Performance Indicator 3 32,33 ESRT 2001 edition 3,5,7,9,10,12,19, 31,32,33 36,37,38,39,40,51, 52,53,54,55,56,57, 58,63,64 41,42,43,44,45,46, 47,48,59,61,62 71,78,79,80,81,82 65,67,68,69,70,71,72,73, 74,75,76,77 48,49,60 Reference Tables [15] 38,39,42,48,49,50, 53,54,55,59,60,61, 62,63,64 65,67,68,71,79,80,82

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Additional Info : Refer : Answer Booklet (page 29) and Scoring Key (page 37)
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