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New York Regents Earth Science January 2008

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PS/EARTH SCIENCE The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION PHYSICAL SETTING EARTH SCIENCE Wednesday, January 23, 2008 9:15 a.m. to 12:15 p.m., only This is a test of your knowledge of Earth science. Use that knowledge to answer all questions in this examination. Some questions may require the use of the Earth Science Reference Tables. The Earth Science Reference Tables are supplied separately. Be certain you have a copy of the 2001 Edition (Revised November 2006) of these reference tables before you begin the examination. Your answer sheet for Part A and Part B 1 is the last page of this examination booklet. Turn to the last page and fold it along the perforations. Then, slowly and carefully, tear off your answer sheet and fill in the heading. The answers to the questions in Part B 2 and Part C are to be written in your separate answer booklet. Be sure to fill in the heading on the front of your answer booklet. You are to answer all questions in all parts of this examination according to the directions provided in the examination booklet. Record your answers to the Part A and Part B 1 multiple-choice questions on your separate answer sheet. Write your answers to the Part B 2 and Part C questions in your answer booklet. All work should be written in pen, except for graphs and drawings, which should be done in pencil. You may use scrap paper to work out the answers to the questions, but be sure to record all your answers on your separate answer sheet and in your answer booklet. When you have completed the examination, you must sign the statement printed at the end of your separate answer sheet, indicating that you had no unlawful knowledge of the questions or answers prior to the examination and that you have neither given nor received assistance in answering any of the questions during the examination. Your answer sheet and answer booklet cannot be accepted if you fail to sign this declaration. Notice. . . A four-function or scientific calculator and a copy of the 2001 Earth Science Reference Tables (Revised November 2006) must be available for you to use while taking this examination. The use of any communications device is strictly prohibited when taking this examination. If you use any communications device, no matter how briefly, your examination will be invalidated and no score will be calculated for you. DO NOT OPEN THIS EXAMINATION BOOKLET UNTIL THE SIGNAL IS GIVEN. PS/EARTH SCIENCE Part A Answer all questions in this part. Directions (1 35): For each statement or question, write on your separate answer sheet the number of the word or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question. Some questions may require the use of the Earth Science Reference Tables. 1 One factor responsible for the strength of gravitational attraction between a planet and the Sun is the (1) degree of tilt of the planet s axis (2) distance between the planet and the Sun (3) planet s period of rotation (4) amount of insolation given off by the Sun 6 What causes the Coriolis effect? (1) Earth s tilt on its axis (2) the spin of Earth on its axis (3) the orbital motion of the Moon around Earth (4) the orbital motion of Earth around the Sun 7 What is the relative humidity when the dry-bulb temperature is 16 C and the wet-bulb temperature is 14 C? (1) 90% (3) 14% (2) 80% (4) 13% 2 Which planet is located approximately ten times farther from the Sun than Earth is from the Sun? (1) Mars (3) Saturn (2) Jupiter (4) Uranus 8 Which weather instrument is used to measure wind speed? (1) anemometer (3) psychrometer (2) wind vane (4) thermometer 3 Large craters found on Earth support the hypothesis that impact events have caused (1) a decrease in the number of earthquakes and an increase in sea level (2) an increase in solar radiation and a decrease in Earth radiation (3) the red shift of light from distant stars and the blue shift of light from nearby stars (4) mass extinctions of life-forms and global climate changes 9 A weather station model is shown below. 029 4 What is the inferred age of our solar system, in millions of years? (1) 544 (3) 4600 (2) 1300 (4) 10,000 What is the barometric pressure indicated by this station model? (1) 0.029 mb (3) 1002.9 mb (2) 902.9 mb (4) 1029.0 mb 5 The water table usually rises when there is (1) a decrease in the amount of infiltration (2) a decrease in the amount of surface area covered by vegetation (3) an increase in the amount of precipitation (4) an increase in the slope of the land 10 The upward movement of air in the atmosphere generally causes the temperature of that air to (1) decrease and become closer to the dewpoint (2) decrease and become farther from the dewpoint (3) increase and become closer to the dewpoint (4) increase and become farther from the dewpoint P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 08 [2] 0.300 0.250 0.200 0.150 0.100 0.050 0 Eccentricity Eccentricity 11 Which bar graph correctly shows the orbital eccentricity of the planets in our solar system? M V E M J S U N 0.300 0.250 0.200 0.150 0.100 0.050 0 M V E M J S M V E U N (3) Eccentricity Eccentricity 0.300 0.250 0.200 0.150 0.100 0.050 0 N Planets (1) U S Planets M J S U N 0.300 0.250 0.200 0.150 0.100 0.050 0 M V E M J Planets Planets (2) (4) 12 The diagram below shows Earth in its orbit around the Sun. Positions A, B, C, and D represent Earth at the beginning of each season. Position D N S N N Position A Position C Sun S S N S Position B (Not drawn to scale) At which lettered position of Earth does New York State experience the first day of summer? (1) A (3) C (2) B (4) D P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 08 [3] [OVER] 17 Which ocean current transports warm water away from Earth s equatorial region? (1) Brazil Current (3) Falkland Current (2) Guinea Current (4) California Current 13 The cross section below shows a house on the shore of Lake Ontario in August. 18 The data table below shows the density of four different mineral samples. Wind Data Table Lake Ontario Mineral corundum 5.3 quartz 2.7 A student accurately measured the mass of a sample of one of the four minerals to be 294.4 grams and its volume to be 73.6 cm3. Which mineral sample did the student measure? (1) corundum (3) hematite (2) galena (4) quartz 14 Which type of surface absorbs the greatest amount of electromagnetic energy from the Sun? (1) smooth, shiny, and light colored (2) smooth, shiny, and dark colored (3) rough, dull, and light colored (4) rough, dull, and dark colored 19 Which mineral has a metallic luster, a black streak, and is an ore of iron? (1) galena (3) pyroxene (2) magnetite (4) graphite 20 The edges of most lithospheric plates are characterized by (1) reversed magnetic orientation (2) unusually rapid radioactive decay (3) frequent volcanic activity (4) low P-wave and high S-wave velocity 15 Which New York State location is most likely to experience the heaviest winter snowfall when the surface winds are blowing from the west or northwest? (1) New York City (3) Oswego (2) Binghamton (4) Plattsburgh 21 Compared to Earth s continental crust, Earth s oceanic crust is (1) thinner and more dense (2) thinner and less dense (3) thicker and more dense (4) thicker and less dense 16 The largest particles that a stream deposits as it enters a pond are 8 centimeters in diameter. The minimum velocity of the stream is approximately (1) 100 cm/sec (3) 300 cm/sec (2) 200 cm/sec (4) 400 cm/sec P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 08 7.6 hematite Under which conditions would the wind shown in the cross section most likely occur? (1) at 2 a.m., when the air over land is 70 F and the air over the lake is 80 F (2) at 6 a.m., when the air over land is 70 F and the air over the lake is 70 F (3) at 2 p.m., when the air over land is 80 F and the air over the lake is 70 F (4) at 10 p.m., when the air over land is 70 F and the air over the lake is 72 F 4.0 galena (Not drawn to scale) Density (g/cm3) [4] 22 In which set are the rock drawings labeled with their correct rock types? Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic Igneous (1) Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic (3) Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic Sedimentary Metamorphic (4) (2) 23 The topographic map below shows a lake and two rivers. Sapphire River Garnet River Gem Lake N In which direction does each of the rivers flow? (1) The Sapphire River and the Garnet River both flow east. (2) The Sapphire River and the Garnet River both flow west. (3) The Sapphire River flows east and the Garnet River flows west. (4) The Sapphire River flows west and the Garnet River flows east. P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 08 [5] [OVER] 27 Which statement correctly compares seismic P-waves with seismic S-waves? (1) P-waves travel faster than S-waves and pass through Earth s liquid zones. (2) P-waves travel faster than S-waves and do not pass through Earth s liquid zones. (3) P-waves travel slower than S-waves and pass through Earth s liquid zones. (4) P-waves travel slower than S-waves and do not pass through Earth s liquid zones. 24 The map below shows the northern section of the boundary between the Arabian Plate and the African Plate. Arrows show the relative direction of plate motion. Jordan Fault 28 What is the geologic age sequence of the surface bedrock from Ithaca, New York, to Watertown, New York? (1) Ordovician, Taconic, Cambrian (2) Ordovician, Tertiary, Pleistocene (3) Devonian, Silurian, Cambrian (4) Devonian, Silurian, Ordovician Arabian Plate African Plate 29 A whalebone that originally contained 200 grams of radioactive carbon-14 now contains 25 grams of carbon-14. How many carbon-14 half-lives have passed since this whale was alive? (1) 1 (3) 3 (2) 2 (4) 4 Which type of plate boundary is located at the Jordan Fault? (1) divergent (3) convergent (2) subduction (4) transform 30 Which geologic event occurred during the same geologic period as the first appearance of modern corals in Earth s oceans? (1) Grenville Orogeny (2) Acadian Orogeny (3) intrusion of the Palisades Sill (4) formation of the Catskill Delta 25 A seismograph station recorded the arrival of the first P-wave at 7:32 p.m. from an earthquake that occurred 4000 kilometers away. What time was it at the station when the earthquake occurred? (1) 7:20 p.m. (3) 7:32 p.m. (2) 7:25 p.m. (4) 7:39 p.m. 31 The presence of eurypterid fossils in New York State bedrock indicates that (1) eurypterids lived in land environments (2) eurypterids first appeared on Earth during the Devonian Period (3) most of New York State was once a mountainous region (4) areas of New York State were once covered with shallow seas 26 Which temperature is inferred to exist in Earth s plastic mantle? (1) 2000 C (3) 5000 C (2) 3000 C (4) 6000 C P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 08 [6] 32 Which sequence of New York State index fossils shows the order in which the organisms appeared on Earth? Oldest Youngest Time (1) Oldest Youngest Time (2) Youngest Oldest Time (3) Oldest Youngest Time (4) 33 The generalized landscape regions of New York State are classified according to (1) bedrock structure and elevation (3) latitude and longitude (2) bedrock type and index fossils (4) climate and topography P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 08 [7] [OVER] 34 Point X is a location on the topographic map below. Elevations are measured in meters. X 75 N 50 What is a possible elevation, in meters, of point X? (1) 55 (3) 68 (2) 57 (4) 70 35 The topographic map below shows two hills labeled A and B. The tributary streams labeled X and Y have the same volume of water. B A X Stream Y N Which statement is best supported by the map? (1) Hill A is higher than hill B. (3) Stream X flows faster than stream Y. (2) Hill B is higher than hill A. (4) Stream Y flows faster than stream X. P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 08 [8] Part B 1 Answer all questions in this part. Directions (36 50): For each statement or question, write on your separate answer sheet the number of the word or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question. Some questions may require the use of the Earth Science Reference Tables. Base your answers to questions 36 and 37 on the map below, which represents an imaginary continent. Locations A and B are on opposite sides of a mountain range on a planet similar to Earth. Location C is on the planet s equator. 36 Compared to the climate at location A, the climate at location B would most likely be (1) warmer and more humid (3) cooler and more humid (2) warmer and less humid (4) cooler and less humid 37 Location C most likely experiences (1) low air pressure and low precipitation (2) low air pressure and high precipitation (3) high air pressure and low precipitation (4) high air pressure and high precipitation P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 08 [9] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 38 through 40 on the flowchart below, which shows a general overview of the processes and substances involved in the weathering of rocks at Earth s surface. Letter X represents an important substance involved in both major types of weathering, labeled A and B on the flowchart. Some weathering processes are defined below the flowchart. Weathering one major type is one major type is A B caused by involves Substance Impacts with other minerals X combines with Atmospheric gases causing Hydrolysis caused by of causing causing Carbonation Expansion Substance X of Rock causing Abrasion causing Frost action Exfoliation Definitions Frost action the breakup of rocks caused by the expansion of substance X Abrasion the wearing down of rocks or particles as they rub or bounce against other rocks Exfoliation the peeling away of large sheets of loosened material at the surface of a rock Hydrolysis the change in a material caused by contact with substance X Carbonation the change in a material caused by contact with carbonic acid 38 Which term best identifies the type of weathering represented by A? (1) physical (3) chemical (2) biological (4) glacial 39 Which substance is represented by X on both sides of the flowchart? (1) potassium feldspar (3) hydrochloric acid (2) air (4) water 40 Which weathering process is most common in a hot, dry environment? (1) abrasion (3) frost action (2) carbonation (4) hydrolysis P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 08 [10] Base your answers to questions 41 through 44 on the map below, which shows areas where certain minerals were mined in significant amounts during 1989. Mineral Resources of New York State Wo T Wo Gt G Cl S S S S S Cl Cl Key Cl G Gt Cl Cl limestone or dolostone clay (shale) S salt (halite) gypsum T talc garnet Wo wollastonite N 41 In which New York State landscape region was most of the garnet mined? (1) Catskills (3) Tug Hill Plateau (2) Adirondack Mountains (4) Erie-Ontario Lowlands 42 What is a common use for the mineral that is mined at the southern end of the two largest Finger Lakes? (1) making talcum powder (3) polishing jewelry (2) vulcanizing rubber (4) melting ice 43 The gypsum deposits in New York State were formed (1) as a result of volcanic eruptions (3) in a shallow ocean (2) as a result of metamorphism (4) in a glacial outwash plain 44 The mineral wollastonite has a hardness of 4.5 to 5. Which New York State mineral could easily scratch wollastonite? (1) garnet (3) talc (2) halite (4) gypsum P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 08 [11] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 45 and 46 on the cross section below, which shows an underwater mountain range in the Atlantic Ocean. The oceanic bedrock is composed mainly of basalt. Points X and Y are locations in the bedrock that have been diverging at the same rate. The movement of the North American Plate and Eurasian Plate is shown by the two arrows. Atlantic Ocean Nort i ca n P h A m er late X Y Eura sian P late ( Not drawn to scale) 45 Which statements best describe the age and magnetic orientation of the basalts found at locations X and Y? (1) The basalt at location X is younger than the basalt at location Y. Both locations have the same magnetic orientation. (2) The basalts at locations X and Y are the same age. Both locations have the same magnetic orientation. (3) The basalts at locations X and Y are the same age. Location X has normal magnetic orientation and location Y has reversed magnetic orientation. (4) The basalt at location X is older than the basalt at location Y. Location X has reversed magnetic orientation and location Y has normal magnetic orientation. P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 08 [12] 46 Which cross section best represents the relative locations of Earth s asthenosphere, rigid mantle, and stiffer mantle? (The cross sections are not drawn to scale.) Atlantic Ocean teX n Pla merica North A Y Eura Rigid mantle Asthenosphere Atlantic Ocean X te n Pla merica N or t h A sian P late Y Eura Asthenosphere Rigid mantle Stiffer mantle (3) Atlantic Ocean eric N o rth A m Stiffer mantle (1) Atlantic Ocean an Pla te X Y Eura Stiffer mantle Asthenosphere s i an P eric N o rth A m late an Pla te X Y Eura Rigid mantle Stiffer mantle Rigid mantle s i an P late Asthenosphere (2) P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 08 sian P late (4) [13] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 47 through 50 on the diagram below, which represents the Sun s apparent paths and the solar noon positions for an observer at 42 N latitude on December 21, September 23, and June 21. Solar noon Solar noon 21 ne Ju 23 1 r2 be m ce De S r be em pt Se Solar noon Sun s apparent path W N Observer E 47 In which direction will sunrise occur on June 21? (1) north of due west (3) south of due west (2) north of due east (4) south of due east 48 How many hours occurred between sunrise and solar noon on September 23? (1) 6 (3) 12 (2) 8 (4) 24 49 Which diagram best shows the location of Polaris relative to the observer? Polaris W Observer S Polaris N W Observer S E E ( 1 )) 1 ( 3 )) (3 Polaris W Observer S Polaris N W Observer S E E ( 2 )) 2 P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 08 N ( 4 )) (4 [14] N 50 Which graph best shows the altitude of the Sun, as measured by the observer located at 42 N, at various times on December 21? 90 Altitude of Sun ( ) Altitude of Sun ( ) 90 45 0 12 a.m. 6 a.m. noon 6 p.m. 45 0 12 a.m. midnight 6 a.m. noon 6 p.m. Time on December 21 (1) (3) 90 Altitude of Sun ( ) Altitude of Sun ( ) 90 45 0 12 a.m. 6 a.m. noon 6 p.m. 45 0 12 a.m. midnight 6 a.m. noon 6 p.m. Time on December 21 midnight Time on December 21 (2) P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 08 midnight Time on December 21 (4) [15] [OVER] Part B 2 Answer all questions in this part. Directions (51 65): Record your answers in the spaces provided in your answer booklet. Some questions may require the use of the Earth Science Reference Tables. Base your answers to questions 51 through 53 on the block diagram below, which shows the landscape features of an area of Earth s crust. Two sedimentary rock layers, A and B, are labeled in the diagram. The rock symbol for layer B has been omitted. Layer A Layer B Cavern 51 Identify the most abundant mineral in rock layer A. 52 Describe how the caverns formed in rock layer A. [1] [1] Composition (%) 53 The graph below shows the particle sizes that compose the clastic sedimentary rock in layer B. 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 Particle Diameter (cm) In the box in your answer booklet, draw the map symbol from the Earth Science Reference Tables that represents rock layer B. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 08 [16] Base your answers to questions 54 through 56 on the table below, which lists the location of some earthquakes, their Richter magnitude, and their year of occurrence. Data Table Location Richter Magnitude Year San Francisco, United States 7.8 1906 Messina, Italy 7.5 1908 Tokyo, Japan 8.3 1923 San Francisco, United States 7.1 1989 54 What data do scientists use to determine the magnitude of earthquakes without visiting the actual sites? [1] 55 The locations of the earthquakes listed in the table are shown on the map below. 80 80 60 60 40 40 Messina Tokyo San Francisco 20 20 160 120 80 0 40 0 40 80 120 160 0 20 20 40 40 60 60 80 80 Explain how the locations of these earthquakes are related to tectonic plates. [1] 56 Identify the process in Earth s asthenosphere that is inferred to be the cause of tectonic plate motion. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 08 [17] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 57 through 60 on the diagram below, which shows Earth as viewed from above the North Pole. The nighttime side of Earth has been shaded. The Moon is shown at eight positions in its orbit around Earth. The name of each Moon phase is indicated at each Moon position. The dark portion of each Moon position has not been shaded. Last quarter Old crescent Sun s rays Old gibbous New Moon North Pole Full Moon New gibbous New crescent First quarter (Not drawn to scale) 57 On the diagram in your answer booklet, shade the portion of the Moon that is in darkness to show the last quarter phase as viewed from New York State. [1] 58 Explain what causes the Moon s phases when viewed from Earth. [1] 59 Which Moon phase occurs approximately one week after the New Moon phase? 60 Explain why the same side of the Moon always faces Earth. [1] [1] 61 Complete the table in your answer booklet by identifying the color and classification of the star Procyon B. The data for the Sun have been completed as an example. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 08 [18] Base your answers to questions 62 through 65 on the cross section in your answer booklet which shows a portion of Earth s crust. Letters A through J represent rock units or geologic structures. The rock units have not been overturned. 62 On the cross section in your answer booklet, draw a circle around the letter of the oldest rock unit shown. [1] 63 On the same cross section, place an X to indicate a location where the rock, marble, was formed. [1] 64 Describe one piece of evidence shown in the cross section that suggests rock unit D is younger than rock unit F. [1] 65 Explain why rock unit H is not one continuous layer. P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 08 [19] [1] [OVER] Part C Answer all questions in this part. Directions (66 84): Record your answers in the spaces provided in your answer booklet. Some questions may require the use of the Earth Science Reference Tables. Base your answers to questions 66 through 70 on the weather map in your answer booklet. The isobars show air pressures, in millibars. Points A and B indicate locations on the map. 66 On the weather map in your answer booklet, place an X centered on the geographic region that was most likely the source of the mT air mass. [1] 67 Calculate the pressure gradient along a straight line between point A and point B on the map. Label your answer with the correct units. [2] 68 Describe the evidence shown on the map that indicates strong winds were blowing between Miles City and Pierre. [1] 69 In the table in your answer booklet, write the names of the cities listed below in sequence from lowest relative humidity to highest relative humidity. [1] Albuquerque Chicago New York City 70 Describe the pattern of the surface winds around the center of the low-pressure system (L). [1] P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 08 [20] Base your answers to questions 71 and 72 on the passage and time zones map shown below. Time Zones In 1883, Earth was divided into 24 time zones. The United States (excluding Alaska and Hawaii) has four time zones, which are indicated by different shadings on the map. Each zone is roughly centered on lines of longitude that are 15 apart. These lines are shown as dashed lines on the map. Most locations within a time zone have the same time. This time is called standard time. As you move to the west, the time in each zone is one hour earlier than the previous time zone. 120 W Pacific time zone 105 W Mountain time zone 90 W Central time zone 75 W Eastern time zone Buffalo New York City San Francisco Denver Dallas 71 When it is 1 a.m. in New York City, what time is it in Denver? [1] 72 Explain, in terms of Earth s rotation, why the time zones are 15 of longitude apart. P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 08 [21] [1] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 73 and 74 on the data table below, which shows the average number of days with thunderstorms that occur over land areas at different latitudes each year. Data Table Latitude Average Number of Days a Thunderstorm Occurs Over Land 60 N 5 45 N 14 30 N 19 15 N 30 0 (equator) 56 15 S 44 30 S 21 45 S 8 60 S 0 73 On the grid in your answer booklet, plot, with an X, the average number of days per year a thunderstorm occurs over a land area for each latitude shown on the data table. Connect the centers of the Xs with a line. [1] 74 State the relationship between latitude and the average number of days each year that thunderstorms occur over a land area. [1] P.S./E. P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 08 [22] Base your answers to questions 75 through 79 on the cross section below, which shows the general pattern of water movement in the water cycle. Letter X represents a water-cycle process. Winds carry vapor over land Condensation and cloud formation X Water table Lake Ocean Impermeable bedrock 75 What process of the water cycle is represented by X? 76 Describe the process of condensation. [1] [1] 77 Describe one surface condition that would allow runoff to occur. 78 Explain one role of plants in the water cycle. [1] [1] 79 As the lake surface freezes in the winter, how many calories of heat are released by each gram of water? [1] P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 08 [23] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 80 through 84 on the passage and map below. The map shows a portion of the continent of Antarctica. Antarctica s Ice Sheet The size and shape of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet depends on many factors, including melting and freezing beneath the glacier, the amount of snowfall, snow removal by wind, iceberg formation, and the rate of ice flow. Glacial moraines are found in the Executive Committee Mountains shown on the map. Moraines are located up to 100 meters in elevation above the present ice sheet surface, which indicates that a thicker ice sheet existed 20,000 years ago. The world s oceans and climate are influenced by Antarctica s ice. Even a small increase in sea level from melting glaciers would be a disaster for the nearly two billion people who live near coastal areas. Ic e 90 W e ci la nd South Pole Di vid er Whitmore Mountains G East Antarctica la e in Is P cier la es G West Antarctica ait Thw 105 Byrd Station W Tra ns an ta rct ic n ou M ta ns i Amundsen Sea Executive Committee Mountains 12 0 W Ross Ice Shelf 80 Roosevelt Island 70 McMurdo Station S 13 5 W 180 Ross Sea 80 Identify one piece of evidence found on the sides of some Antarctic mountains that indicates that an ice sheet, hundreds of meters thicker than the current ice sheet, existed in the past. [1] 81 What is the duration of insolation on December 21 at McMurdo Station? P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 08 [24] S [1] 82 State the latitude and longitude of Byrd Station. Your answer must include both the units and the compass directions. [1] 83 Describe the arrangement of sediment found in a glacial moraine. [1] 84 Identify one change that would cause a decrease in the size of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. [1] P.S./E. Sci. Jan. 08 [25] The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION PHYSICAL SETTING Tear Here EARTH SCIENCE Wednesday, January 23, 2008 9:15 a.m. to 12:15 p.m., only ANSWER SHEET I Male I Female Grade . . . . . . . . . . . . Student . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sex: Teacher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Record your answers to Part A and Part B 1 on this answer sheet. Part B 1 Part A 1 ............ 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . . . . . . 36 . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 ............ 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 . . . . . . . . . . . 37 . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 ............ 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 . . . . . . . . . . . 38 . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 ............ 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 . . . . . . . . . . . 39 . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 ............ 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 . . . . . . . . . . . 40 . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 ............ 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 . . . . . . . . . . . 41 . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 ............ 19 . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 . . . . . . . . . . . 42 . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 ............ 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 . . . . . . . . . . . 43 . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 ............ 21 . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 . . . . . . . . . . . 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 . . . . . . . . . . . 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 . . . . . . . . . . . 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 . . . . . . . . . . . . Part B 1 Score Part A Score Write your answers to Part B 2 and Part C in your answer booklet. Tear Here The declaration below should be signed when you have completed the examination. I do hereby affirm, at the close of this examination, that I had no unlawful knowledge of the questions or answers prior to the examination and that I have neither given nor received assistance in answering any of the questions during the examination. Signature PS/EARTH SCIENCE Tear Here Tear Here PS/EARTH SCIENCE The University of the State of New York Performance Test Score (Maximum Score: 23) REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION PHYSICAL SETTING EARTH SCIENCE A Wednesday, January 23, 2008 9:15 a.m. to 12:15 p.m., only ANSWER BOOKLET I Male Student . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sex: I Female Teacher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maximum Score Part Grade . . . . . . . . . Answer all questions in Part B 2 and Part C. Record your answers in this booklet. 35 B 1 15 B 2 15 C Student s Score 20 Total Written Test Score (Maximum Raw Score: 85) Final Score (from conversion chart) Raters Initials: Rater 1 . . . . . . . . . . Rater 2 . . . . . . . . . . Part B 2 51 For Raters Only 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 For Raters Only 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 Star Color Classification Sun yellow main sequence Procyon B [2] 61 For Raters Only 62 and 63 A B C D 62 E G H 63 F H J I Key Igneous rock Contact metamorphism 64 64 65 65 Total Score for Part B 2 [3] [OVER] For Raters Only Part C 66 1020 1016 cP 2 101 1012 45 23 H 1008 Miles City 52 31 Pierre 1004 1000 996 992 98 8 98 4 16 10 57 54 50 Chicago 41 L A 54 39 50 21 New York City 66 57 55 Albuquerque B 79 68 Atlantic Ocean mT Pacific Ocean Gulf of Mexico 0 67 Gradient = _______________________ 500 1,000 km 67 68 68 [4] For Raters Only 69 69 Lowest Relative Humidity Highest Relative Humidity 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 [5] [OVER] For Raters Only 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 calories/gram 80 81 80 hr 81 82 Latitude: _________________________ 82 Longitude: _______________________ 83 83 84 84 Total Score for Part C [6] FOR TEACHERS ONLY The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION PS ES PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE Wednesday, January 23, 2008 9:15 a.m. to 12:15 p.m., only SCORING KEY AND RATING GUIDE Directions to the Teacher: Refer to the directions on page 3 before rating student papers. Updated information regarding the rating of this examination may be posted on the New York State Education Department s web site during the rating period. Check this web site http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/osa/ and select the link Examination Scoring Information for any recently posted information regarding this examination. This site should be checked before the rating process for this examination begins and several times throughout the Regents examination period. Part A and Part B 1 Allow 1 credit for each correct response. Part B 1 Part A 1 . . . . .2. . . . . . . 13 . . . . .3 . . . . . . . 25 . . . . 2 . . . . . . . 36 . . . . .2 . . . . . . . 44 . . . . .1 . . . . . . . 2 . . . . .3. . . . . . . 14 . . . . .4 . . . . . . . 26 . . . . 1 . . . . . . . 37 . . . . .2 . . . . . . . 45 . . . . .2 . . . . . . . 3 . . . . .4. . . . . . . 15 . . . . .3 . . . . . . . 27 . . . . 1 . . . . . . . 38 . . . . .3 . . . . . . . 46 . . . . .1 . . . . . . . 4 . . . . .3. . . . . . . 16 . . . . .2 . . . . . . . 28 . . . . 4 . . . . . . . 39 . . . . .4 . . . . . . . 47 . . . . .2 . . . . . . . 5 . . . . .3. . . . . . . 17 . . . . .1 . . . . . . . 29 . . . . 3 . . . . . . . 40 . . . . .1 . . . . . . . 48 . . . . .1 . . . . . . . 6 . . . . .2. . . . . . . 18 . . . . .1 . . . . . . . 30 . . . . 3 . . . . . . . 41 . . . . .2 . . . . . . . 49 . . . . .3 . . . . . . . 7 . . . . .2. . . . . . . 19 . . . . .2 . . . . . . . 31 . . . . 4 . . . . . . . 42 . . . . .4 . . . . . . . 50 . . . . .4 . . . . . . . 8 . . . . .1. . . . . . . 20 . . . . .3 . . . . . . . 32 . . . . 4 . . . . . . . 43 . . . . .3 . . . . . . . 9 . . . . .3. . . . . . . 21 . . . . .1 . . . . . . . 33 . . . . 1 . . . . . . . 10 . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . 22 . . . . .4 . . . . . . . 34 . . . . 2 . . . . . . . 11 . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . 23 . . . . .1 . . . . . . . 35 . . . . 4 . . . . . . . 12 . . . . . 3 . . . . . . . 24 . . . . .4 . . . . . . . Part A Score Part B 1 Score PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE continued Directions to the Teacher Follow the procedures below for scoring student answer papers for the Physical Setting/Earth Science examination. Additional information about scoring is provided in the publication Information Booklet for Scoring Regents Examinations in the Sciences. Use only red ink or red pencil in rating Regents papers. Do not correct the student s work by making insertions or changes of any kind. On the detachable answer sheet for Part A and Part B 1, indicate by means of a check mark each incorrect or omitted answer. In the box provided at the end of each part, record the number of questions the student answered correctly for that part. At least two science teachers must participate in the scoring of each student s responses to the Part B 2 and Part C open-ended questions. Each of these teachers should be responsible for scoring a selected number of the open-ended questions on each answer paper. No one teacher is to score all the open-ended questions on a student s answer paper. Students responses must be scored strictly according to the Scoring Key and Rating Guide. For open-ended questions, credit may be allowed for responses other than those given in the rating guide if the response is a scientifically accurate answer to the question and demonstrates adequate knowledge as indicated by the examples in the rating guide. In the student s answer booklet, record the number of credits earned for each answer in the box printed to the right of the answer lines or spaces for that question. Fractional credit is not allowed. Only whole-number credit may be given to a response. Units need not be given when the wording of the questions allows such omissions. Raters should enter the scores earned for Part A, Part B 1, Part B 2, and Part C on the appropriate lines in the box printed on the answer booklet and then should add these four scores and enter the total in the box labeled Total Written Test Score. The student s score for the Earth Science Performance Test should be entered in the space provided. Then, the student s raw scores on the performance test and written test should be converted to a scaled score by using the conversion chart that will be posted on the Department s web site http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/osa/ on Wednesday, January 23, 2008. The student s scaled score should be entered in the labeled box on the student s answer booklet. The scaled score is the student s final examination score. All student answer papers that receive a scaled score of 60 through 64 must be scored a second time. For the second scoring, a different committee of teachers may score the student s paper or the original committee may score the paper, except that no teacher may score the same open-ended questions that he/she scored in the first rating of the paper. The school principal is responsible for assuring that the student s final examination score is based on a fair, accurate, and reliable scoring of the student s answer paper. Because scaled scores corresponding to raw scores in the conversion chart may change from one examination to another, it is crucial that for each administration, the conversion chart provided for that administration be used to determine the student s final score. [3] [OVER] PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE continued Part B 2 Allow a total of 15 credits for this part. The student must answer all questions in this part. 51 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: calcite CaCO3 52 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Limestone reacts with acids in groundwater. Acids in water cause limestone to dissolve. chemical weathering of limestone Water flowing through cracks removes limestone. 53 [1] Allow 1 credit for . 54 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: seismic wave recordings P-waves and S-waves seismograms damage reports 55 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: They are all located at or near tectonic plate boundaries. They are located where crustal plates meet. 56 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: convection currents convection density currents [4] PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE continued 57 [1] Allow 1 credit if approximately of the Moon is shaded on the right-hand side. Examples of 1-credit responses: 58 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Moon phases are caused by the Moon revolving around Earth. The Moon traveling around Earth causes the Moon to show a cycle of phases. Different amounts of the lighted half of the Moon are seen from Earth. 59 [1] Allow 1 credit for first quarter. 60 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: The Moon s rate of rotation equals the Moon s rate of revolution. The Moon completes one spin on its axis in the same amount of time it takes to complete one orbit around Earth. [5] [OVER] PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE continued 61 [1] Allow 1 credit if both the color and classification are correct. Example of a 1-credit response: Star Color Classification Procyon B yellow or yellow white white dwarf [6] PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE continued 62 [1] Allow 1 credit for circling letter I. 63 [1] Allow 1 credit if the center of the X is located anywhere in the contact metamorphic zone in the limestone layer. Example of a correct response for questions 62 and 63: A B C D E G H X F H J I Key Igneous rock Contact metamorphism 64 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: There is no contact metamorphism shown in rock unit D. Rock unit F was eroded, then rock unit D was formed. There is a buried erosional surface between F and D. Rock unit D is on top of rock unit F. 65 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Rock unit H was displaced by movement along a fault. Rock unit H was broken when an earthquake occurred. [7] [OVER] PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE continued Part C Allow a total of 20 credits for this part. The student must answer all questions in this part. 66 [1] Allow 1 credit if the center of the student s X is located over the water in the diagonally lined area. 1020 1016 cP 2 101 1012 45 23 H 1008 Miles City 52 31 Pierre 1004 1000 996 992 98 8 98 4 16 10 57 54 50 Chicago 41 L A 54 39 50 21 Albuquerque B New York City 57 55 79 68 Atlantic Ocean mT Pacific Ocean N Gulf of Mexico 0 500 1,000 km 67 [2] Allow a maximum of 2 credits, allocated as follows: Allow 1 credit for any value from 0.016 to 0.018. Allow 1 credit for the correct units. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: millibars per kilometer mb/km [8] PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE continued 68 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: The isobars are close together between Miles City and Pierre. There is a large pressure gradient between Miles City and Pierre. The feathers on the station models indicate strong winds in that area. 69 [1] Allow 1 credit. Albuquerque New York City Lowest Relative Humidity Chicago Highest Relative Humidity 70 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: inward counterclockwise counterclockwise and toward the center 71 [1] Allow 1 credit for 11 p.m. Do not allow credit for 11 or 11 a.m. 72 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Earth rotates at a rate of 15 /hr. Earth s period of rotation is 24 hours. Earth spins 360 in 24 hours. [9] [OVER] PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE continued 73 [1] Allow 1 credit if the centers of eight or nine Xs are within the circles shown on the graph and are correctly connected with a line that passes through the circles. Note: An overlay should be used to rate this graph. Example of a 1-credit response: Average Number of Days a Thunderstorm Occurs Over Land 70 60 Number of Days X 50 X 40 30 X 20 X X X 10 X X 0 60 50 40 30 North Latitude 20 10 0 Equator 10 20 30 40 50 South Latitude 74 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: As latitude increases, the number of days with thunderstorms decreases. Lower latitudes have more thunderstorms. an inverse relationship between latitude and number of days with thunderstorms [10] X 60 PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE continued 75 [1] Allow 1 credit for evaporation. 76 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Condensation is the phase change from water vapor (gas) to water (liquid). 77 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: The soil is saturated. Rate of rainfall exceeds the rate of infiltration. The ground is frozen. The land has a steep slope. 78 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Plants release water into the air by transpiration. Runoff is slowed by plants, so more infiltration can occur. 79 [1] Allow 1 credit for 80 calories/gram. 80 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: moraines grooved bedrock scratched bedrock polished bedrock U-shaped valleys 81 [1] Allow 1 credit for 24 hours. [11] PHYSICAL SETTING/EARTH SCIENCE concluded 82 [1] Allow 1 credit if both latitude and longitude are correct. Latitude: 80 S Longitude: 120 W 83 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: unsorted mixed not in layers 84 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: snow removal by wind decreased rate of ice flow increased melting global warming iceberg formation decreased snowfall [12] Regents Examination in Physical Setting/Earth Science January 2008 Chart for Converting Total Test Raw Scores to Final Examination Scores (Scaled Scores) The Chart for Determining the Final Examination Score for the January 2008 Regents Examination in Physical Setting/Earth Science will be posted on the Department s web site http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/osa/ on Wednesday, January 23, 2008. Conversion charts provided for previous administrations of the Regents Examination in Physical Setting/Earth Science must NOT be used to determine students final scores for this administration. Submitting Teacher Evaluations of the Test to the Department Suggestions and feedback from teachers provide an important contribution to the test development process. The Department provides an online evaluation form for State assessments. It contains spaces for teachers to respond to several specific questions and to make suggestions. Instructions for completing the evaluation form are as follows: 1. Go to www.emsc.nysed.gov/osa/exameval. 2. Select the test title. 3. Complete the required demographic fields. 4. Complete each evaluation question and provide comments in the space provided. 5. Click the SUBMIT button at the bottom of the page to submit the completed form. [13] Map to Core Curriculum [14]

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Additional Info : Refer : Answer Booklet (page 29) and Scoring Key (page 37)
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